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Kinesiology for Manual Therapies
Chapter 17
The Knee Joint
McGraw-Hill McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
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Learning Outcomes
o 17-1 Define key terms.o 17-2 Identify on a human skeleton selected bony features of the knee joint.o 17-3 Describe the cartilaginous and ligamentous structures of the knee joint.
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Learning Outcomes (cont.)
17-4 Draw and label on a skeletal chart the muscles, including origins and insertions, and ligaments of the knee joint.
17-5 Palpate the superficial knee joint structures and muscles, including origins and insertions, on a partner.
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Learning Outcomes (cont.)
17-6 Demonstrate all the active and passive movements of the knee joint with a partner.
17-7 Name and explain the actions and importance of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles.
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Learning Outcomes (cont.)
17-8 List and organize the muscles that produce the movements of the knee joint and list their antagonists.
17-9 Practice flexibility and strengthening exercises for each muscle group.
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Introduction
The knee joint affects posture through the position of the hip joint. The knee joint is vulnerable to injuries. The bone’s structure is designed to provide mobility and weight bearing.
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Bones
The tops of the medial and lateral tibial condyles are known as the medial and lateral tibial plateaus. The tibia bears most of the body’s weight in the knee joint. The fibula serves for an attachment site for muscles and ligaments.
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Bones (cont.)
The patella is a sesamoid bone. Key bony landmarks include the tibial tuberosity, Gerdy’s tubercle, the medial and lateral femoral condyles, and the medial tibial condyle.
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Bones (cont.)
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Bones (cont.)
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Joints
The knee joint is the tibiofemoral joint and is classified as a ginglymus joint because it acts like a hinge performing flexion and extension. Ligaments provide stability for the knee joint and the medial and lateral menisci (cartilage) cushion the joint.
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Joints (cont.)
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Ligaments of the Knee Joint
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are named because they cross within the knee between the tibia and femur. The ACL is often injured. The medial knee has the tibial medial collateral ligament (MCL)
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Ligaments of the Knee Joint (cont.)
The lateral side of the knee the fibular collateral ligament (LCL) joins the fibula to the femur. A plica is an anatomical variant among some individuals that may be irritated or inflamed with injuries or overuse of the knee. There are over 10 bursae in the knee.
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Movements
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Movements (cont.)
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Movements (cont.)
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Muscles
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Muscles (cont.)
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Muscles (cont.)
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Muscles (cont.)Q Angle
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Nerves
The femoral nerve innervates the knee extensors. The knee flexors are innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve. The biceps femoris short head is supplied by the peroneal nerve.
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint – Anterior - Quadriceps
The quadriceps consist of the rectus femoris, the vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and the vastus medialis. They all attach to the patella by the patellar tendon to the tuberosity of the tibia.
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Rectus Femoris
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Rectus Femoris
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Vastus Lateralis
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Vastus Lateralis
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Vastus Intermedius
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Vastus Intermedius
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Vastus Medialis
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Vastus Medialis
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint – Posterior – Hamstrings
Semitendinosus
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior – Hamstrings
Semitendinosus
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior – Hamstrings
Semimembranosus
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior – Hamstrings
Semimembranosus
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior – Hamstrings
Biceps Femoris
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior – Hamstrings
Biceps Femoris
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior Popliteus
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Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior Popliteus
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Chapter Summary
The bones, joints, ligaments, movements, muscles, and nerves of the knee joint are explored in this chapter.
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Chapter Summary (cont.)
Individual muscles of the knee joint are reviewed in depth with regard to palpation, origin, insertion, action, and innervation. Each muscle includes information with clinical notes, muscle specifics, clinical flexibility and strengthening.
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Chapter Review
The Chapter Review is divided into true and false, short answers, and multiple choice questions.
The questions are designed for the students to test their knowledge.
Worksheets are at the end of the text as an aid for learning.
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Explore and Practice
Students should utilize the questions and charts at the end of the chapter to help focus on the content of the chapter.
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