Post on 17-Dec-2015
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Culture
“Diversity of hues, form, and shape enriches and adorns the garden and
heightens its effect.”— 'Abdu'l Baha
Persian Baha'i Religious Leader, 19th-20th Century
“Diversity of hues, form, and shape enriches and adorns the garden and
heightens its effect.”— 'Abdu'l Baha
Persian Baha'i Religious Leader, 19th-20th Century
What is Culture?
Culture:
The behavior, patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation
What is Culture?
Two important dimensions of culture in adolescents’ lives are socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Socioeconomic status (SES): A grouping of
people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics
Ethnicity: A dimension of culture based on cultural heritage, nationality, race, religion, and language
Socioeconomic Status and Poverty
Ramifications of living in poverty
Health Housing/neighborhoods Powerless/Lack prestige Vulnerable to disaster Options limited
Immigration
High rates of immigration Growth in proportion of ethnic minorities
Stressors Language barriers Dislocation Separation from support network Preserve identity SES
Immigrant teens
over 80 percent arrive from Latin America, Asia, and the Afro-Caribbean basin
Length of residence in the United States is associated with declining academic achievement and aspirations
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
1 2 3 4 5
Year of Study
GPA
ChineseDominicanCentral AmericanHaitianMexican
Figure 1: Longitudinal Country of Origin Patterns of
Academic Performance
Longitudinal Gendered Patterns of Academic Performance
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
1 2 3 4 5
Year of Study
GPA
MaleFemale
Cambodian Culture
Small country of around 13 millionLocated in SE Asia--between Thailand
and VietnamCurrently 4/5 rural, mostly BuddhistCambodian genocide--the Khmer
Rouge, led by Pol Pot in late ‘70s Death toll estimate 1.5 million
A Special Juncture For Ethnic Minority Individuals
Confront ethnicity in adolescence
Become aware of how their ethnic group is evaluated
Lack of successful role models
Ethnicity Issues
Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status Dual influence
Differences and Diversity Difference – not deficit Diversity within minority groups
Ethnicity Issues
Prejudice, Discrimination, & Bias
Prejudice Unjustified negative attitude toward people
because they belong to a particular group
Ethnic minority groups continue to experience discrimination and bias
Percentage of Adolescents Ages 12 to 17 who Ate Meals with Their Family, by Number of Days Meals Eaten Together, 2003 0 to 3 days 4 to 5 days 6 to 7 daysAges 12-17 Total 30.8 27.0 42.2 Gender Male 30.0 27.1 42.9Female 31.7 26.8 41.5 Age 12 to 14 26.3 26.1 47.615 to 17 35.8 28.0 36.3 Race/Ethnicity Non-Hispanic white 30.4 30.9 38.7Non-Hispanic black 39.0 21.5 39.5Hispanic 28.5 17.4 54.1Other 22.2 23.8 54.0 Geographic location MSA area 31.7 26.6 41.7Non-MSA area 27.7 27.1 45.3 Poverty level Less than 100% of poverty level 27.1 17.8 55.2100 to 200% of poverty level 30.8 25.3 43.9200% or more above the poverty level 32.4 30.7 37.0 Family Structure
Ethnic Minority Adolescents
African American Adolescents Most visible group Larger proportion in lower-SES than Whites
Latino Adolescents Majority identify themselves as
Mexican Americans Chicano
Ethnic Minority Adolescents
Asian American Adolescents Strong family loyalty High expectations for success
Native American Adolescents Inordinate amount of discrimination
Lowest standard of living Highest teen pregnancy rate Highest suicide rate Highest school dropout rate
The United States and Canada:
Nations with Many Cultures
Clip art copyright © 2002 www.arttoday.com. Used with permission.
Use of Media
The average U.S. adolescent lives in a home with: 3 TVs 3 Tape Players 3 Radios 2 VCRs 2 CD Players 1 Video Game Player 1 Computer
Television
Television’s Functions
Window to the world Takes time away from reading Passive learning and lifestyle Problems easily resolved Portrayal of ethnic minorities
TelevisionEducational TV Viewing in Early Childhood and High School Grade Point Average for Boys
Fig. 13.4
Concerns about Television
Television and Violence
TV violence is associated with aggressive behavior
TV violence can increase aggression Violent video games
Concerns about Television
Television and Sex TV teaches adolescents
about sex
Television and Achievement The more adolescents watch TV the lower their
school achievement is
The Media and Music
Two-thirds of all songs and albums are purchased by the 10- to 24-year-old age group.
87% of those aged 12 to 17, now use the internet. up from 73% in 2000
51% of teenage internet users say they go online on a daily basis, up from 42% in 2000.
Digital Divide
Half of all US teens who use the internet lives in a home with a broadband connection.
13% of American teenagers or about 3 million people still do not use the internet.
Those teens who remain offline are clearly defined by lower levels of income and limited access to technology.
They are also disproportionately likely to be African-American.
Other technology
Close to half of teens (45%) own a cell phone, and 33% have used a cell phone to send a text message.
IM is preferred to emailTeens view email as something you use
to talk to old people,institutions, or to send complex instructions
IM
75% of online teens use instant messaging, compared to 42% of online adults.
48% of teens who use instant messaging say they exchange IMs at least once every day.
Landline
51% of online teens usually choose the landline telephone when they want to talk with friends
24% said they will most often use instant messaging
12% prefer to call friends on their cell phone. 5% use email most often to communicate with
friends. 3% prefer to use text messages.
More than words
50% of IM-using teens have included a link to an interesting or funny article or website in an instant message
45% have used IM to send photos or documents
31% have sent music or video files via IM.
Technology, Computers, and the Internet
Percentage of U.S. 15- to 17-Year-Olds Engaging in Different Online Activities
Technology, Computers, and the Internet
The Internet
Increasing use Email most frequent activity Parents may not know what information
adolescent is obtaining
Social Policy and the Media
Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development’s recommendations: Encourage socially responsible programming Support public efforts to make the media more
adolescent friendly Encourage media literacy programs Increase media presentations of health promotions Expand opportunities for adolescents’ views to
appear in the media