Post on 02-Jan-2016
12/6/08Learning Target: 1. I can identify the functions and building blocks of the following organic
compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, fats and DNA.
Do Now: Review: I can explain the function of the excretory system and the organs.
1. What is the function of the kidneys in the human body? Bladder?
2. What is the function of the
excretory system?
HW: Review Notes
Agenda:
• Do Now/Announcements
• Case Study: “I want my pasta!”
• Mini-Lesson: Organic Compounds
This Week’s AgendaWeek #14: 12/6-12/10
MondayLab #10: Diffusion of Carbs through a Membrane
Tuesday
WednesdayCase Study #1: Day 2
ThursdayCase Study #1: Day 3Diagnosis
FridayReviewQUIZ
TUTORING TOMORROW
The Excretory System
Maintains water balance
Eliminates waste from the body
The urine maker and the body’s filter
Urine storage
Urine’s way out!
How does this system work to maintain water
balance?
Treated with salt water Treated with distilled water
Water Concentration Homeostasis in Humans
Normal water level in the blood and body cells.
You eat a salty meal.
Salt enters the blood. Body cells shrink as water diffuses out of the cells and enters the salty blood. Water level in
the cells is too low.
Brain detects higher salt
levels in the blood and
sends signal to the kidney.
The kidney allows LESS water to enter the urine. The body retains (hangs
on to) more water.Also, our brain creates a
feeling of thirst, causing us to drink!
Water level in the blood increases.
Water flows back into the body cells.
What happens when we eat salty foods?
CASE STUDY:
“I want my pasta!”
What do we know?
Symptoms:
• tiredness, lack of energy
• certain foods give Becky diarrhea and stomach pain
Treatment:
• mysterious pills
What do we need to find out?
• Why do certain foods make Becky sick?
• What is in the mysterious pills that treat Becky?
CLUE #1: Nutrition Information
Focus on the carbohydrate, protein, and fat content of each food.
+ Steak
Organic Compounds
Organic compounds are substances produced by and found in living things.
4 types:
1) Carboydrates
2) Proteins
3) Fat
4) DNA
Types of Organic CompoundsPolymer Building Block
(or subunit)Role in
Organisms
ProteinProtein Amino acid
CarbohydratesStarch
Glucose (simple sugar)
Fats
Set of instructions for making proteins
DNA
• hormones• antibodies• cell structure
• energy!
• cell structure
• insulation
Types of Carbohydrates
1) Starch
2) Glucose (sugar)
3) Fiber
12/2/08
Learning target: I can explain what substances can (and cannot) diffuse through the semi-permeable cell membrane?
I can explain the function of an indicator and describe a positive test result for a starch and glucose indicator.
Do Now: Review I can identify the functions of the four types of organic compounds and identify the building blocs of each.
What are 4 types of organic compounds? What are the building block of each organic compound.
Which one of these three compounds seems to be causing Becky’s symptoms?
HW: 1) Complete lab (if not already done)
2) QUIZ Friday - Water homeostasis, diffusion, and active transport
Agenda:
• Do Now/Announcements
• Lab #10: Diffusion of Carbohydrates through a Membrane
CASE STUDY:
“I want my pasta!”
What do we know?
Symptoms:
• tiredness, lack of energy
• certain foods give Becky diarrhea and stomach pain
Treatment:
• mysterious pills
What do we need to find out?
• Why do certain foods make Becky sick?
• What is in the mysterious pills that treat Becky?
Types of Carbohydrates
1) Starch
2) Glucose (sugar)
3) Fiber
Lab #10: Diffusion of Carbohydrates through a Membrane
Problem: What substances can (and cannot) diffuse through the semi-permeable cell membrane?
Setup:
Beaker with water
model cell
(with semi-permeable membrane)
starch
glucose
starch indicator
(iodine)
Lab #10: Diffusion of Carbohydrates through a Membrane
Problem: What substances can (and cannot) diffuse through the semi-permeable cell membrane?
Setup:
Beaker with water
model cell
(with semi-permeable membrane)
starch
glucose
starch indicator
(iodine)
How will we be able to tell which
substances diffuse through the membrane?
Question #4
Indicators
An indicator is a chemical used to test for the presence of a specific compound, usually by changing color.
A postive (+) test for a substance will cause the indicator to change color.
A negative (-) test for a substance will not cause a color change.
Starch Indicator:
Lugol’s Solution (iodine)
Positive test:
Turns dark purple
Glucose Indicator:
Benedict’s Solution
Positive test:
Turns orange
Question #4
Data Table
RESULTS
Diffusion through a Membrane Lab
Starch Test
Can starch diffuse through the cell membrane?
Glucose Test
Can glucose diffuse through the cell membrane?
12/3/08
Learning target: I can compare and contrast the movement of starch, glucose, and iodine (starch indicator solution) across a semi-permeable membrane.
Do Now: Complete the following table: INDICATORS
HW: 1) Complete Case Study and Lab #10 (if not already done)
2) QUIZ FRIDAY - Water homeostasis, diffusion, and active transport
Agenda:
• Do Now/Announcements
• Discussion: Lab #10
Molecule Indicator Positive test/color change
Starch
Glucose
CASE STUDY:
“I want my pasta!”
Clue #2
Starch Test
Can starch diffuse through the cell membrane?
Glucose Test
Can glucose diffuse through the cell membrane?
Types of Carbohydrates
1) Starch
2) Glucose (sugar)
The Semi-Permeable Cell Membrane
Cell membrane surrounds the cell.
The cell membrane is SEMI-PERMEABLE (or selectively permeable),
meaning
It allows some substances to pass
through, but keeps other substances OUT.
S S
S
S
Results
GG
GGI
I I
II
III
II
In which direction will WATER flow?
HIGH concentration of water
LOW concentration of water
12/4/08
Learning target: I can explain how enzymes break down organic compounds and analyze how enzymes are necessary for digestion and diffusion of building blocks into the bloodstream.
Do Now: What can’t starch diffuse through the cell membrane? How can we CHANGE the starch so that it CAN pass through?
HW: 1) Week #14 - DUE TOMORROW - HOMEWORK p. 13
2) QUIZ TOMORROW - Week #13 & #14
Agenda:
• Do Now/Announcements
• Mini-Lesson: Why digest?
• “I want my pasta!” - Clue #3
CASE STUDY:
“I want my pasta!”
What do we know?
Symptoms:
• tiredness, lack of energy
• certain foods give Becky diarrhea and stomach pain
Treatment:
• mysterious pills
What do we need to find out?
• Why do certain foods make Becky sick?
• What is in the mysterious pills that treat Becky?
CLUE #1: Nutrition Information
+ Steak
Types of Carbohydrates
1) Starch
2) Glucose (sugar)
Starch Test
Glucose Test
CLUE #2: Diffusion Experiments
DIGESTION is when organic compounds are broken down into their building blocks.
What substance in our bodies is responsible for digesting food?
ENZYMES
Starch Glucose (simple sugars)
enzyme
How might we change starch so that it CAN pass through the cell membrane?
Clue #3
Where does most digestion take place?
Digestion
Absorption
Circulation
Wall of the small intestine
Blood vessel
Starch
Glucose
Inside the small intestineEnzyme
Diffusion
Synthesis
Glucose (simple sugars)
enzyme
StarchOpposite of…
DIGESTION!
Diagnosis: What is wrong with Becky?
Becky doesn’t make the enzyme that digests (breaks down) starch!
Starch cannot be absorbed by the wall of the small intestine!
Why does Becky lack energy?
What is in the pills that Becky takes before eating?
Becky can’t do this!
Starch Glucose (simple sugars)
enzyme
Poor Becky…
X X
Enzymes
Enzymes are proteins in our bodies that:
(1) Digest, or break down, organic compounds.
(2) Speed up all chemical reactions in the body.
Another word for an enzyme is a catalyst.
SynthesisDigestion
(starch)
(glucose, or simple sugars)
Enzymes must have a specific shape in order to work properly.
Enzymes work like a lock and key.
Enzymes: The Lock and Key Model
Enzyme activity is highly specific.
Each enzyme in our bodies can bind to only ONE type of substance.
We have a different enzyme for every different reaction that occurs in our bodies.
12/5/08
AIM: QUIZ - Water Level Homeostasis and Diffusion
Do Now: Why can one type of carbohydrate pass through the cell membrane, while another cannot?
HW: None
Agenda:
• Do Now
• Case Study Review
• QUIZ!
CASE STUDY:
“I want my pasta!”
CLUE #1: Nutrition Information
+ Steak
Organic Compounds
Organic compounds are substances produced by and found in living things.
4 types:
1) Carboydrates
2) Proteins
3) Fat
4) DNA
Types of Carbohydrates
1) Starch
2) Glucose (sugar)
Starch Test
Glucose Test
CLUE #2: Diffusion Experiments
S S
S
S
Results
GG
GGI
I I
II
III
II
In which direction will WATER flow?
HIGH concentration of water
LOW concentration of water
Clue #3
DIGESTION is when organic compounds are broken down into their building blocks.
What substance in our bodies is responsible for digesting food?
ENZYMES
Starch Glucose (simple sugars)
enzyme
How might we change starch so that it CAN pass through the cell membrane?
Digestion
Absorption
Circulation
Wall of the small intestine
Blood vessel
Starch
Glucose
Inside the small intestineEnzyme
Diffusion
Synthesis
Glucose (simple sugars)
enzyme
StarchOpposite of…
DIGESTION!
Diagnosis: What is wrong with Becky?
Becky doesn’t make the enzyme that digests (breaks down) starch!
Starch cannot be absorbed by the wall of the small intestine!
Why does Becky lack energy?
What is in the pills that Becky takes before eating?
Becky can’t do this!
Starch Glucose (simple sugars)
enzyme
Poor Becky…
X X
Enzymes
Enzymes are proteins in our bodies that:
(1) Digest, or break down, organic compounds.
(2) Speed up all chemical reactions in the body.
Another word for an enzyme is a catalyst.
SynthesisDigestion
(starch)
(glucose, or simple sugars)