Post on 02-Mar-2016
description
..
120-
5 (10) 2003
5 (10) 2003 -
120- " "
..
:
3
12
, 26
68
74 84
- 2003
( 120- )
. I. , . .
Sevastopol. Fleet being inshore when Emperor Nicolas the First has a looks at it. 1852. Fragment from lithography by painter Ayvazovskiy. Central Naval Museum
XIX , . , 18531856 . , , , , , .
.. (17881851) . - 120- (1841 ), (1849 ) (1852 ), , 12 , .
, , , 3040 XIX . , . , , , .
B.C. , - ,
.
( 2 )
In second quarter of XIX century Black Sea Fleet had been created on South marine borders. Russian Navy on Black Sea took the deserving place among best Europe Fleets. It was a short period in Russian wooden shipbuilding, but it also was as the heyday of marine engineering to have been interrupted by Crimean War 18531856. When admiral M.P.Lazarev was as Commander-in-Chief, 120-guns three-decks Men-of-War constructed according to new technologies, were the same as its English ships. Twelve Apostles was a flag ship of admiral Lazarev. The ship was large, handsome and had beared high-power bomb guns. Twelve Apostles is a masterpiece of Russian and world shipbuilding.
( )
.
..
Black Sea Fleet at Feodosia.
Fragment from picture of Ayvazovskly
29 1802 I, .., , 1. , , .
I (18251855) , . XX .. I II, , . , : , I ... , , ... ...
(, ) ...2.
I , . . I . : , , ; , 3. 1828 .
- 18281829 : , , -
( 4 )
120-
Waterloo" 1833
English 120-guns ship Waterloo.
1833
, , , . , , - , .
, 31 1834 , , 4. -- - . ( .) .. 5. , . .., , : ... , 18- , 1855 , -
( 120- )
... , , , . , , ...6.
1830- . , 1834 120- 110- 7. 18231827 - , , , , - , . 1832 .. 33 8.
10 , 18531856 . Ville de Paris, 1807 , Jena 1814, Jupiter 1816, Henri IV 1829 9. 1833 ..: , , , 11 , , , , . "" , , ... "", , , - !! , ... "" , "" ... . , 6 ...10.
25 1834 .. ..-
I
Emperor Nicolas the First
4
.
Covered slipway 4 in Nicolaet/s
Admiralty
( 5 )
. , , , ... , ...11.
26 1835 I . 69 : 120-- ; 84- 12; 60- ; 44- ; ; ( ) 10; ; ; .
2,5 ., 1,9 , 60- 1,4 12. , , . 21 1836 . 13 6 ., 2 , 4 14. , , 15 ., , , , , 15.
1830- . , , , , , . () -
( )
, . , , : No admittance for strangers, 16. , . , .. . 17 1836 , .
1836 .- , - 20 .. . , , , .
17 1834 .. - .. - -
.
Admiral MP. Lazarev
( 120- )
()
Saws. Slender vertical trihedral
(upper) and round saws
( 6 )
,
1841
View at Nicolaev City. 1841
. , , . .. , ... , , 17. 1834 (30 ) ( ; , ...) , , . !
, . , .., , . .
, . . - () , , .
, , 18361839 , , , . , , . , . , , .. , , . , .. , ,
( )
:
.,
1821 (
)
Various methods used for attaching:
Left according to Sir Robert
Seppings sistem; Right according
to old Russian sistem before 1821.
Both are taken from original model
of the ship Twelve Apostles.
Central Naval Museum
, . .. I , . , , .
.. .., - .. . .. , . , . (John Fincham) , , (Joseph Peack) (Isaak Blackburn) , .
- , . , - :
- , . : ...18.
1813 - 19 -, . : , , , , . , . , , 20.
. 27 1821 21. , 1832 - , . 18351837
., -
1813
1832
Sir Robert Seppings, Surveyor of
British Navy in 18131832
( 7 )
( 120- )
, , , , , 22.
, , . , , , . , , . : , 120- 84- . , .
1836 , . 21 1836 , , () : - ... , , , , , ...23. . , , , : , , .
: , , 1/6 ...24.
, , , . .. ..: ... , , 25. .. ., , 1837 .
18371838 , . , (dry rot) , . , , . .. , ... , , , ; , , , ... .. - - .. , ...26.
1836 . , -
., -
1832
1847
Sir William Symonds, Surveyor
of British Navy in 18321847
( 8 )
( )
120-
. 1839
120-guns ship Rossiya launching.
1839
. .. - , . -. , 27.-
1838 , . , .
, , . , ..
.- 28. 5 1839 120- , ..
4 1838 120- , 28 29. .., ... , , (, , , ). , , , , . XVIII . , , 6 , , , , , , -
( 9 )
( 120- )
110-
Queen 1839
English 110-guns ship Queen.
1839
, 30. . , , - 31.
1837 , . 1833 110-- Queen, , ..
Queen 1839 , , , .. . 11 1845 , , Queen, : , , ...32. Queen -
120- 110- Queen
, :
, () , ():
- , () -, () , () , ():
, () -, ()
- , ():
15 1841
4789,98 2848,40
2112(64,36)
5710(17,63) 596 (18,14) 276 (8,38)
2089 (63,63) 1939 (59,06)
259 (7,85) 246 (7,47) 13 (0,38) 66(1,98)
207 (6,27) 153 (4,65)
Queen
15 1839
5246,40 3104,00
2074 (63,20)
5927, (18,05) 600 (18,29) 246 (7,47)
2040 (62,24) 16651/2 (50,74)*
256 (7,80) 245 (7,44) 11 (0,33) 66(1,98)
1811 (5,77) 143 (4,34)
( 10 )
( 11 )
. ., 1841 , .
, . . , -. 1841 . , , : , 1821 , , 1838 , . ., . , , , . , , .. Queen.
-
. (1849 ) (1853 ), .
, , . , 1840 , , .. - ..: ..., , ...33. : ... ...34.
: , , . , ... ... , ...35.
"
.
..
The ship Twelve Apostles on
slipway. Lithography by .. Prohorov
( )
( 12 )
,
Scarphs to have been applicated
in the wooden shipsbuilding
.
Fixing of keel's parts. Vertical
and horizontal scarph joint
?
. , .
36; . 1833 , . 1112 . , -
( 120- )
,
XIX (
).
:
1838 ,
.;
.
Systems of attaching used in wooden
shipbuilding in XIX century.
Lett: Russian system before 1838.
Right: fixing of stern at W. Symonds'
method
( ).
. , , , . : , , , , , . , . .
, , . , .
: - 1 9 (0,53 ), 25 (0,64 ), 1 4 (0,41 ), 38 (0,97 ), 1 6 (0,46 ), 32 (0,81 ).
6 (152 ) , . , . ,
( 13 )
. - .
. 41/2 (114 ), 9 (2,74 ), 1 (25,4 )
Sagging of the frames
, . , .
-, . , -.
. 33 ( 10 ) . . . ,
( 120- )
. ( ). , , . ( ), -.
, .
, , , , . , . , . , . , , . , . , . , . , .
, , . , . . , . , -.
. .
( 14 )
3 (76,2 ) , 2 (50,8 ).
: , , . , . , 5 (127 ). , 1/8 , 3/4 . 35.
. , , . ,
Costruction of Rudder
( 15 )
.
, , .
Frame costruction. Wooden joints,
frames making instrument, cokes.
Frames rising and fittings
. . . . , - , . , , , -
. , , , . . () , , -
( )
.
Bow and stern deadwoods.
The frames fitting
.
Main and filling frames. Futtocks
.
Floor-timbers. Methods of floor-
timbers' joint
( 120- )
, - . 31/2 (88,9 ) 21/2 (63,5) . , 12 , : , -- . , (), . , , . , , .
, , , : ; ; .
, , , . , , .
. ,
Sagging. Wooden girder
( 16 )
( )
Filling frames
, , 39.
( , ), . - - . --, -. . .
, , --. . . . . , .
1821 .,
( 17 )
Wooden breasthooks in hold
Bow hawsepieces
, . - , . , . - .
. . , . , . - .. - .. 1 1837 37. , .. : ... , ... , . , , , , . , . . 38. , , :
( 18 )
Scupper pipes
. , . , , . . .
, . , , ; . , , . . -
, , , . . - . - .
(-, - -), (), - . , , . , . : , , (), - . () , . - , . , . , , . , , , - , . .
, .
, , , ,
. - .. , . 1/4 6 , .
Iron knee riders in hold.
( 120- )
( 19 )
Beam to be fitting with side
of the ship. Beam of three timbers.
. .
, .
.-. 18361837 , . : , , ... . , ...40. .- , , ., , . , . , . , , . , -41.
, . : , , , .
.
Ceiling of surface part
, ,
1838
(),
.
()
Left Seppings iron forked knee and
clamps used before 1838. Right:
Symonds iron forked knee and
rubbing band.
( )
ab , .
f i -, .
X
, . , : ... . , -, , , ... ... , , , , ( . .), ,
( 20 )
..
Beam to be fitting with side of the
ship according to Symonds. Ceiling
.
Various aspects of Symonds iron
forked knee contruction
,
1838
Iron forked knee used before 1838
( 120- )
. 1840 .. . . 84- , . . , -
, .
Deck costruction. Hatch. Topside view
...42.
, . , . , .., , , .
, , , . ( ), ( ). , 1 , . , 5 2 ( 127 51 ) 5 7 ( 127 178 ).
. :
, , , ;
( )
.
Skin. Fixing a bulwark rail
( 21 )
( 120- )
, ;
24 ;
, .
. , , . .
, 120- , , -, , -, -. , , , . - . --
. , .
, , . , I, , , . 6 7 (152178 ) , , , , , , . , , . , . -
(),
()
Lett: Method of skin position. Right-
Steam box
(),
()
Left: Position of steamy timber with
handy tools. Right: Two-wheel
and ordinary jacks
( 22 )
ca 1/2 . - - - , . - -. - .
, . , , , . . , -
( )
.
4 (102 ), 14 (356 ) 1/16 (1,6 ). 106 1/2 (38 ). , . , XVII , 1761 Alarm. 1790- 43.
23 1781 , , 1782 , , . .
, . , , . -
. - . , 1/3. . .
. . (), . , . , , , .
(), . - - -
Constituents of head knee and its
rising
, , . : , , - --. - -
. - - . - , , , , -
( 23 )
D ( , )
Stern development: left: straight stem;
centre: Seppings apple stern; right:
Symonds elliptical stern
( 24 )
:
(),
. (
),
. ()
Latrine construction
( 120- )
. . , .
. , . : + + .
, -. - -.
- -. , , . -, , .
, , , . , , . .
, . .
,
( 25 )
( )
.
()
120-
- ()
Stem development: left: straight stem;
centre: Seppings apple stern; right:
Symonds elliptical stern of model
-Twelve Apostles. 1841
, , , , 44.
120-
After catwalks and 120-guns ship's model Twelve Apostles aft thread. 1841
, . . , (, ).
353 . , 100 . , 1800 , 4000 , 14 000 , 300 - , 700 , 5300 , 180 , 120 , 30 , 1200 , 400 . 520 -
Timber preparing
( 26 )
50 . Royal William 1719 , 1757 1792 ! . 1817 , . , - , , . 45.
, 1830- , , , : , , . , , . , , , . , , . 46.
, . , , , . , , , . , ... ... , , , ,
. , , , , , , - , . , . .. , . , , . 18371839 - .
. , Victory -
( 120- )
,
( 27 )
, , , , . (, ) . - , , . , . . , .
(, ) . , , , , , .
, , , . , -
- , , ...47.
, , , , . , , 48. : , , , , - , , , . , . , , 49.
. . , , , ; .
.
,
Chatam City on English engraving.
1830-years
( 28 )
... , ( . . .), . . , . , , , 52. .
. 7 1834 .. : , , , ... .... ., - 53.
- . 1841 : ( . ..)... , , . ... , , , (dry rot) , ... , !...
7
.
.
Covered slipway 7. Water-colour
by L. Premazzi
... , , , .... , . . , , 50. , , .
. (W.N.Glascock) , . (914 ) . - , , , . , . , 51.
- .. , , -
( 120- )
( , )
, , , ..."54. , , , , , very excellent , . , , .
, 1851 : " ". . ...55.
, . . : , - 39,2 1,07 . , , , : , , , . , , , , . , , , . , , , .. . , , , .
, ,
( 29 )
--. , , , , , : , , , . - . , , . , . , , . , ( 6 ), , 21/2 . .
() , - - , - -. - 4 3 , . . . - , . , , . - 1 , . , , - , . , -, , . -
( 120- )
()
Left: bowsprit fool step. Right: mast
hole
, , . - - -, -.
. . (-), , . 9 .
() , -. , , , . . . , - . - ,
( 30 )
3/10 , -, 11/6 , . , 1/10 . , .
, . , -. , , . , 18 . , 54 45 . : 4 , - 4 . 2024 . , , : -
( 32 )
9 ; ( 18 , ); 9 - . 3336 . . . , -, 11/2 .
- . , . , 3 . , , , , 2/5 .
( )
, -, . , , , 31/2 . . , 7/8 . : 1/2 , , 7/8 (6/8 1/8 ). , 1/2 . , 9/10, 8/10 . . 1/3 5/8
( 120- )
. -, , , . , , 1/3 7/8 .
, 11/2 , . , , 11/2 2 , , 1 .
,
-, , , . , - . -- 1 . . - : 1/2 , 2/3 , 6 . . , , .
- , 1/3 -, , , .
- , : , . 810 , 4 . -
( 34 )
-, 2/3 . 1/3 , .
3 . , . , . , , . 2 , 12 , , -. -. , .
. , . , . .
, . , : . , . .
-. - - , -- . - 1/8 , 1/6 . - . . , , . 5/6 , 5/9. -, . 2/5 , , 41/2 , 21/2 .
-, , 4 . . , , . . 1/2 , , . . , 9/13 , 20/21, . 5/9 .
, -, , . -
( 120- )
( 36 )
-, , -. -, , .
, , . :
, ;
, - -, -;
, - .
. - 1/2 , 1 7 / 8 , 5/9 . -, 5/6 , .
- -- . - , - 2/3 , - . -, , . -; - , .
- , -- 11/2 . --.
- -. -
( 120- )
. , 3 , 3/4 . , .
, , . , 40/41, 9/10 3/4 . . 251/2 1/3 . , , , . 78 , 75, 1/2 ; 3/11 1/5 . , -.
, , - . : 22/5 , , , 3/4 ; 5/8 , 1/6 ; 11/2 1/7 . , . 11/2 1/16 . , .
-
( 38 )
( 120- )
81 (24,3 ). , , - . . 1/6 -. , 7/8 , -. - 1/4 , . - , . - . 1/2 -, 1/4 , 2 , . - --, .
- - -- . : , -. , 1/4 , . , - .
- 1/12 . 1/4 , . - . , . - . , , . - , -. -- , 1/12 , , . -- 1/4 - .
-.
3/4,
2/3 . , , 5 . , 1/10 . 1 , , , 1 , . , , .
, , . , . , . - 7/8 21/2 .
, , . , , , , -. . .
, , 2/3 . . 1/7 , . . -. , - .
- . 1/3 , , 2/3 . ,
( 39 )
-, -. - 1/60 .
- , 1/2 . - 1/3, 2/9 -.
- 2/3 , 1/66 , 3/4, 2/3 . , . --. 2/9 . .
- , . . 1/3 - . , -, -. 3/4 , 3 . , -. --- . - , .
- -, , 1/12 . 1/30 . , , --. - , -.
2/5 , 1/60 . 21/4 , 1/66 .
. .
, -, . , . .
. - - - , . -. - .
1840
. , , , . , , ,
Double and single capstan
construction
( , )
( 40 )
( 120- )
Chainwales. Fixing a lower shrouds
, , 4000 2, , :
... , , , , 11/2 .
3 108 116, , , , , , .
, , , , , , , , , 3 , 68 72 .
- : 5 4 , - 2 .
: 5 1 / 2 ., 5 ., - 5 ., - 5 ., 4 .
, 68 72 :
: 1.
.
2. - , 1/3 : 1/6 , . 4 , .
3. 1/2 , .
4. 1/2 , .
5. -- , 1/2 , , .
, , -, .
: 1.
, , 1/2 , 11/2, .
2. , 1/5 , , , 6 , .
3. -- . 4. - 1/2 ,
, --, , .
5. 1/2 , - .
6. 1/2 , .
7. -- , , 1/3 , , .
, , -, , , , .
1/3 .
( 41 )
, , , , , .
- , . , , 50 :
13/4 , 3/4 . 81/2 , 21/2 , 111/2 . , , .
, .
. , , , ,
,
.
30-40 XIX
Drawing of masting and sails to have
been used in British Navy. 30 - 40
years of XIX cent
, - , , , 6 .
-- : .
4- - -- 1/2 , , , , 6, 3 . -- , .
- 1/3 , -, , , , 4 . .
, -, -
( , )
( , )
, , , .
, , 1/7 , - 1/9.
, , 1/10 , , , 3/4 .
. , , , 1250 6- ...56.
. , . , , . 1834 .. , . . 29 1833 ..- .. : , , , : , , , , ... , , , , , , 57, ....
, ..
.. , - . , , , 58. , . , , ( ) . 4 1834 .. .. : ... ... , , , , . , ...59.
, , , -
,
, -
Flags, masthead flags, burgees
( 45 )
( 120- )
, 1806 . , , 1849 . , , 1840 , , , , , , 1849 , , . 120- , , 84- , ( - .. ) .
1806 (, , -, ), (, , ). 17 1830 .. , . : , . , , -- , , --; 60. , , .
, 1840 , .. . On masting ships and mast-making, 1829 61. , , .
, . , , .
, . , . . : , ( . ..) , . , ...62.
1847 . .. , 1841 . .. , ... : ... 1840 ..., ... . , , ... , , , ...63.
17 1849 I . 1840 , , , .
( 46 )
( 63 )
. , , , , - -- , , . , , . . , . , .
., , . , , . , , - , , . , .
, 92- Rodney 84-- Asia . : Rodney 205 6 , 54 6 ; Asia 196 52 1 . 28 144 . 27 576 .-, 28 100 . . 24 , , - . , -
.
.. : : - - . - - . - - . . , 64. , . , , .. 65 . , 9 1850 .. .. 66.
.., . , , . . . : " " . , . ... , , , , ...67.
. , . .. , -
( , )
( 120- )
3 1838 , , .. 50 , , , , . ... ... .
.. I : " " ...70. . . , .
2 . , , , .
1841 . . : . , . , . , , . . , (), .
( 64 )
, . - . , 900 1000 ; 20 000 , , , 68.
: .. , , . 1832 . , .., .. : ... , , , . Sir Rob. Seppings, , 61/2 , ...69.
:
Twelve Apostles internal member.
Marble fireplace
( , )
XIX
Wood ship launching gear. Middle of
XIX cent
.
, . - - .
15 1841 , , : 38- , , , , , , . 1837 , . -
( 65 )
.., , , . : , , -, - . , .
1841 . , - . -
( 66 )
.
..
Portsmouth, one from major centre
of England shipbuilding.
Engraving is taken from Leonid
Amirhanov's collection
, . .. : ..., , , . , , , , , , . , . ( ) , , , . , , , : , , , , ...71.
, .- ... , . .
, ., 1858 . ,
. , . 1839 1841 . 1839 , , : ( ) , , , 72.
, 5 , . : , . . ., , , , , . , , ...73.
, . . , : ... " " , ... , , . , -
( 120- )
( 67 )
.
.
Plymouth, one from the famous
British Shipbuilding Centre.
Engraving is taken trom Leonid
Amirhanov's collection
( , )
, , , . , , .. , , , 74.
.. , ... 14 1842 .. : , " ". , , , , , SO- ... , , ....
. . : ( . ..) , , , , , ....
. : , . , , . , ... - , .... . , , , .
, . , 1839 , , , , ,
68-
Drawing of English 68-pounds bomb
gun
( 68 )
.. , , , .
17/29 1835 ( ) 68- , , 75. 1836 .
.. .. 6 1836 , , , .
(4 1838 ) , .
. , : ... 68- , , , , ...76. , .. , . : " " 68- , , , ...77.
, 1839 , 68- : -78. . ,
( 120- )
( 69 )
1 237 (505,7 ), 0 1 3 9 (296,6 ). 7 14 2,6 .
, , , , . , , , . , , . , , , .
. 1840 , , Medea , , . , , , , .
, . .. , , , ... , .
. , . 220 (3520 ), 8,42 ,
(214 ), 8 8,61 (2,66 ), 8,27 (210 ) 68- , .
, 11 1839 I 32 68- .
, 1839 1844 . , , , . .. , . , , , .. , .
9 1839 - ... , . 68- 8 (203 ) , 8 3,75 (2,54 ). , , , 79.
.. . - - .. , , , . , .. , , . - : 68- , ,
( 120- )
68-
Russian 68-pounds bomb gun on gun
carnage
. 80. , 68- 8,42 , 8 .
, 32 1841 . , .. : ... , ,
, , ..., - , , , , ...81.
68- - , 174 ; .
120-
-
-
-
68- 36-
36-
36- -
24- -
28 4
34
34
24
( 70 )
1842 , , , 18- -, .
120-
. 32 , , -
( )
120-
:
68-
; 36-
; 36-
; 36- -
; 24-
-
Twelve Apostles guns:
68-pounds bomb gun;
36-pounds long gun;
36-pounds shortgun;
36-pounds carronade;
24-pounds carronade
68-
36-
36-
36- -
24- -
,
8,00
6,80
6,80
6,80
5,95
,
7,85
6,65
6,65
6,65
5,80
83,75
91
711,33
611,33
61
12,47
16
14
12,25
12,25
,
1840
1942
1682
1422
962
,
51,75
43,50
43,50
43,50
29,00
,
5530
4200
3530
3800
2534
0,303
( 71 )
36-
36-pounds long gun's non-action
position
.
-
Angle of gun high and gun carriage
construction. Carronade carriage were
different from gun's one only with a
screw existance instead of wedge
( 120- )
1839 .
. 36- - , , - .. , 80- , . , . . .. , , , ( ), , 83.
. .. 68- . , , , , , . .. 84.
. 1853 -
36- .
, .., , 1839 82. , 8,42 , . -
( 72 )
( )
68- (8-)
14,50 12,75
7,68
10,79 1,68
12,47
97,98 85,96
20 51,47 72,33 11,42 83,75 07,16 03,88 00,225 05,96
, Royal Albert Queen, : 32 - ; 34 32-
; 34 32- ; - 6 14 32- .
( 73 )
( 74 )
.
..
Black Sea Fleet Ships. From picture
by IK. Ayvazovskiy Old Fleet
, . , , , . , , , , .
.- .. , : 400 500 ,
... , , , ...85.
.. , . 1837 ; .. , , . , .
. ,
( 120- )
. 1846 .
..
Sevastopol. 1846. From a picture by
Bogolubov
..: . - , , . , . - "-" , , . , , -, - , , 11/4 ; , , , ; , , ! , -
.
..
New naval barracks in Sevastopol.
From picture by I.K. Ayvazovskiy
( 75 )
. , , . - 1854 , .
. , , , , , , . : , , , , . , , . 70 , . , , ... ( . . .)86. , , , ...
, 1850-, , . , - , .
.. , , . , , .. . .., 3 1835
( 120- )
4- . , . -, ...87.
1842 .. 38- . . , ... - , , , "", ...88. .. , , . , , , . .. , ... , , , .., . , , .
, , , : ... , , ... , ; , , , , , .. , , ... , , , -
( 76 )
, , : , - .
. , , , , - , , , . , , ...89.
, . .., .., , : , . , , (... ..) , - , , ... . ....
, . - , , . .. : . , , , , , ... ... , ... ,
..
Prince A.S.Menshikov
..
Vice-admiral V.A.Kornilov
( )
, ...90.
:
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:
4
5
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18421843 , , 2-
.., .. . .. , , .., ... , ... . - , , - . - !
..- , , I -
( 77 )
( 120- )
... , , , , " " ( ), , , . ...91.
.. 7 1840 : 36- "Pike" , ("Simonds"), . "Pike" , , 80- . , , , , ; , -: , : ..., , . , ...92.
1844 1845 , . I , - . . 5 1844 .. : , , ... 93.
, : , , 68- 2 ./!
1845 . -
( 78 )
.. : ... ... , , : , , , ; , , , - ...94. : . , .. , , .. .
, , . ..: ... , , , . " " , , , , 68- ! ; , : Sailtrimers, Firemen Boarders, , , . ..., , , , : ", , ". , ! , , , ... . , , , (, ) , : ", , !
Great Prince Konstantin Nicolaevich
( 79 )
( )
, ". , , , . , , , , , , , ...95.
18471848 .. . , Excellent, . , .
.. - ... .., .. . : , , -, , , .
, 1854
Sevastopol. 1854
1848 . , 17 1849 : .. . , , . : , , 96 , , , , , ... , , , ... , ...97. 55 , 120- ( ), 30 000 98.
. ..
( 120- )
, 1854
Sevastopol. 1854
800 000 . , , . , ... - , 400 99, , ( ), ....
1850 , . , - , , .. . 1850 . .. - , : ... ; , . , . ...
; , , ...100. , . , , ... , , , ... ....
1850 , . , .. , , .
1850 - , , , 1849 1853 1 ... . . 1850 -
( 80 )
( )
. , , , , , , , . . ... ...
.. 11 1851 . 1853
. .
, . 10 . , : 36- -- 8 1000 (1830 ), , 20 ,
.
1466 13- , .
1853 : ! 16 000 , 827 , , 10- ... , ... - ... . , - , 101.
; , 1854
Dry docks complex in Sevastopol
( 81 )
( 82 )
( 120- )
. 18 1853 . 1854 . , , .
.. .
15 1854 . , Agamemnon - .- .
, , , -, , -. -
Piece of French chart of Sevastopol's
reinforsings marked Twelve
Apostles position
. 18 1854 .. . , , , .
: 6 1855 .. .. : " "... . , . 102.
13 14 1855 . , . , , ...
( 83 )
.
.
Deluging of Black Sea Fleet. From
picture by I.A. Vladimirov
( )
, , . 5000 - ,
. , 1861 . .., .
1
( 120- )
120-
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1287
727
350
234
118
1094
806
510
3510
1207
663
3110
214
108
956
704
4410
314
910
522
252
1610
86
806
542
356
,
42
22
121/4
261/8
171/4
101/4
71/4
401/4
22
111/4
221/2
151/8
9
63/8
27
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9
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,
208
106
92
135
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30
1811
961/2
80
119
39
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1848 , ..
,
650 4211 1287
726
350
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119
1090
806
520
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586 435 1207
653
316
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314
486 2810 910
536
259
173
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9
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15
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,
208
106
90
135
44
30
188
96
80
119
39
27
138
78
160
90
30
1840
( )*
2,268
1,305
0,629
0,419
0,210
0,527
0,388
0,246
0,173
1,911
0,573
0,383
0,192
0,460
0,339
0,216
0,151
0,937
0,452
0,304
0,152
0,388
0,261
0,171
0,123
( 84 )
1
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( )
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256
766
563
676
563
210
548
309
403
230
479
2811
352
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638
3110 213
500 440 390
324 363 492 183
704
456 262
,
1 4 - 1 0 3 / 4 144 953/8
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236
,
51/2
411/8
167/8
103/4
113/4
101/2
11
61/8
8
5
91/2
6
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10 103/8 93/4
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,
22
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50
142
, ,
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1848 , ..
,
256
520 262 782
563
676
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546
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479
326
353
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638
3110 213
496 430 390
324 363 492 183
706
506 226
,
150 140 96
79 70 57
234
,
51/8
41
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-
111/2
11
7
8
5
91/2
61/4
71/4
43/8
111/2
61/2
111/4 10 93/4
85/8 83/4 115/8 81/2
143/4
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,
21 20
131/2
137, 12
95/8
.
,
22
50
30
21
27
20
142
27 19
36 36 70
10
,
12 1 - 1 1 / 4 09
063/4 06
0 - 4 3 / 4
12
1840
( )*
0,123
0,379
0,271
0,100
0,156 0,177 0,237 0,088
0,339
( 85 )
( 86 )
( 120- )
1
-:
:
:
:
:
:
, ..
,
274 213
2411 1663/4 1953/4
112 122
1561/3 1661/3 142 152
610 671/4 46
60
40 371/2 291/4
1543/4 1543/4 1410 1410
9113/8 9113/8
,
93/8 9 9 6 6
41/4 41/4
6 6
53/8 53/8
142/3 142/3 93/4
113/8
81/4 75/8 6
,
121/8 117/8 117/8 09 09
047/8 047/8
061/4 061/4 061/8 061/8
31 31/8 20
267/8
183/4 161/4 127/8
242 282 220 259
1743/4 2033/4
1848 , ..
,
274 2011 248 170 192
112 122
156 166 140 150
610 67 46
60
40 371/2 29
155
146
100
,
93/8
9 6
41/4
6
53/8
145/8 141/2 93/4
111/2
81/4 75/8 6
,
12
111/2
09
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061/4
06
31 30 20
27
183/4 161/4 127/8
242 282 219 256 1710 200
1840
( )*
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2
1
840
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351 / 2
241 / 4
17
17
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31
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15
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461 / 2
301 / 2
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28
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241 / 2
551 / 2
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73/ 4
-
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26
19
22
141 / 2
,
25
8
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501 / 2
263 / 4
25
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8
11 /2 45
,
11/ 4
11 /4 21
61/ 4 4 61/ 4 4 11/ 4
11/ 4
11/ 4
11/ 4
11 /4 21
-
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,
7
7
1 1 1 2 5 2 2 6 6 7 2 2 7 7 8 8 6 7 8 1 1 1 2 5 2 2 6 6 7 3 3
,
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1189
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23
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1349
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19
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349
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234
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119
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343
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2 12
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(10
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29
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03
55
8
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6
28
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17
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23
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35
171 / 2
34
231 / 2
17
28
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43
3
43
8
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55
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6
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6 51/ 4
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42
,
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8 8
421 / 2
-
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101 / 2
,
31
20
72
20
181 / 2
8
11/ 2 38
93
483 /
4
,
272
272
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11/ 4
11/ 4
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17
36
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,
7
1 1 2 2 6 6 6 7 8 2 4 1 1 4 6 4 4 7 7 8 6 6 8
,
.
1893
/ 4 12
11 /2
2941
/ 2
3323
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3643
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4481
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1931 /
2
9541
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4081
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694
273
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6391
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11
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208
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106
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4
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6
.
( )
3
120- *
:
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54
36
25
17
17
1/4
1/4
16
12
9
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1/2
22
151/2
20
1/4
29
19
15
11
;8
251/2
9
241/2
1006
6711
479
330
330
300
226
170
886
593
420
295
349
03
563
370
286
209
149
497
183
456
58
54
36
25
24
26
211/2
20
16
12
471/2
471/2
31
22
27
23
29
19
19
15
11
36
17
35
1082
1006
6711
479
473
503
429
390
300
226
886
886
593
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510
440
563
370
370
286
209
676
314
650
536
674
375
263
606
560
504
703
409
286
476
609
346
237
516
599
512
512
636
377
260
626
436
495
470
656
3210
2210
419
428
5810
296
206
389
512
512
338
322
446
754
606
733
( 89 )
( 120- )
3
-:
--
-
171/2
12
1/4
1/4
334
238
03
03
24
171/4
271/2
19
456
334
548
376
027
190
879
650
223
163
1179
883
* 24 .
( 90 )
4
,
-
:
-
-
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8
4 6
11/ 2
253 / 4
3 471 / 3
3 28
3 211 / 2
3
,
.: 1
36
: 38
0
.: 3
80
: 41
0
.: 4
10
: 40
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06
: 24
0
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56
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82
0
50
0
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0
55
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42
0
231 / 4
433 / 4
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451 / 2
,
21/ 2
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191 / 3
111 / 2
9
,
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,
1 3
1
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7 7
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
( 120- )
5
14103
17 1830
1806 , , , . , , , , , . , , 1824 . . . , , , , , , , ...
: 1. , , 3- , 75
, . 2. 4/5 , 4/5
, . 3. 7/25 . , , 67 ,
67 7/25 = 18,76. 7/25 . 4. 7/26 , 7/26 . ,
34 , 34 7/26 = 9,154. 5. . 2/3 ,
, 1/5 . 6. 1/11 1/24 . 7. , , , . , , ,
, .
- - -- --
- - -- --
- - -- --
3-
2,290 1,280 0,670
0,450
1,170 0,580
0,390
0,960 0,480
0,320
1,390 1,000
0,540 0,409 0,260
0,170
0,461 0,351 0,223
0,146
0,351 0,260 0,170
0,130
0,351
0,351 0,219
2-
2,340 1,340 0,670
0,450
1,200 0,600
0,400
1,005 0,502
0,335
1,370 1,000
0,550 0,415 0,260
0,170
0,471 0,356 0,223
0,146
0,356 0,260 0,170
0,130
0,356
0,356 0,222
, ,
2,360 1,410 0,784 0,588
1,250 0,709 0,531
1,010 0,563 0,422
1,420 1,060
0,560 0,422 0,260 0,170 0,119
0,490 0,371 0,227 0,151 0,106
0,371 0,260 0,170 0,119 0,083
0,371
0,371 0,232
: 1. , , , , . : 3-
50 , 50 2,23 =111,5 -. 50 0,67 = 33,5 . 2. , , , . : 2- 175 . 175 0,55 = 96,25
-. 175 0,471 =82,425 -. 175x0,146 = 25,55 -- ..
( 92 )
( )
6
1840 103
84-
44-
50-
,
73,3 67 53
69 62,3 49
69 62,3 50,8
57,5 50,8
41,25
41,25 38,1
60 53 44
-,
1,3 32,87 25,6
32,87 29,4
23,25
32,87 29,4 24,5
27,7 24,5 20,2
23,25 23,25
29,4 25,6 21,2
-,
80,6 70,8 55
77,6 67,75 59,7
77,6 67,75 59,7
61,3 55
42,5
42,5 42,5
67,75 61,3 46,4
-,
50,8 45,4 35,3
48,6 43
33,1
50,8 43
33,1
38,7 35,3 27,2
27,2 27,2
41,5 38,7 29.9
( 93 )
( 120- )
7
1840
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37 14 9 14 21 18 7
110 18 17
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11/2 9 9 9
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42 1
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19 144 310 18
101/2 12 26 11 5
55 60 21/2 9
26 28 4 7
12 52
8 78 22 112 16 16 40 10 10 9
120 13
20 16 108 15
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40 10 18 10 16 16 7
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6
11/2 71/4
41/2
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84 14
84 17 11
20 15
14
66 16 14 68 13
106 10 10 166 9 9 22 8
18 14 15 16 10 10 9
36 10 20 9
46 3 12 11
100 13 12 50 28 10
130
12 95 12 49 49 8 7
44 11
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2 2 2 2 4 2 6
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20 4 4 4 2
4 4 4
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2
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30 16 30 16 9
70 10 10 9
123 11 66
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. 7 A.M.
1852 ( ) // . 1900. 3. .1055.
8. .243. .1. .3182. .9, 9 . 9. .205. .1. .1090. .1,1 . 10John Fincham. A History of Naval Architecture. London. 1851. P.405, 406. 11. .315. .1. .775. .. ... .28, 29. 12. .243. .1. .3182. ., 3 . 13. .283. .1. .3508. .243. .1. .3182..126 . 14. .180. .517/1. .3889. - -
. 15. .410. . ..124..1 16. .410. .1. .180. .12,12 . 17. .158. . 1. .1155. .26 . 18. .243. .1. .3183. . . 19An outline of shipbuilding. By Jonh Fincham, Esq., master-shipwright of Her Majesty's
dockyard, Portsmouth; Author of A History of Naval Architecture and other works. London, 1852.P.16,17.
20 . 21John Fincham. A History of Naval Architecture. London. 1851. P.199206. 22. .243. .1. .1320. .1. 23. .158. .1. .1155. .22. 24. .243. .1. .3604. .1. 25. .243. .1. .3604. .1 . 26. .158. .1. .1062. .1,1 . 27. .243. .1. .3071. .1,1 . 28. .243. .1. .3439. .4, 5. 29. .161. .1. .984. .15. 30. .283. .1. .4470. .4. 31An outline of shipbuilding. By Jonh Fincham, Esq., master-shipwright of Her Majesty's
dockyard, Portsmouth;... London, 1852. Part I. P.74, 75, Part II. P.184,185. 32Ibid. Part I. P.4650.
33 Memoirs of the Life and Services of Real-Admiral Sir W.Symonds..., Surveyor of the Navy from 1832 to 1847. London. 1858. P.673.
34lbid. P.337. . .327. On.2. .55. Queen. .327. .1. .221. . ' .
35. .1049. .1. .225. .8. 36. .158. .1. .978. .13, 3030 . 37. .243. .1. .3760. .1. 38. .243. .1. .3760. .2527 . 39. .243. .1. .3760. .. 40. .158. .1. .1155. .22 ,23 . 41. .243. .1. .3760. .1012. 42. .161. .1. .1211. .7 .8 . 43An outline of shipbuilding. By Jonh Fincham, Esq., master-shipwright of Her Majesty's
dockyard, Portsmouth;.London, 1852. Part III. P.62. 44. .243. .1. .4230. .36, 37. 45A Treatise containing the results of numeruos experiments on the Preservation of
Timber from Premature Decay and on the preventon of the progress of rottenness, when already commenced in ships and building. By W.Chapman. London, 1817. P.9,5759,66.
46An Epitome, historical and statistical, descriptive of the Royal Naval Service of England, by E. Miles. London, 1841. P.78.
47. .8. .4. .78. .1 ., 2. 48An outline of shipbuilding. By Jonh Fincham, Esq., master-shipwright of Her Majesty's
dockyard, Portsmouth; Author of A History of Naval Architecture and other works. London. 1852. Part III. P.1216
49lbid. PI618. 50. .158. .1. .1155. .1617 ., 18. 51 . . ., 1839. . 154156. 52. .243. .1. .3160. .3435. 53. .205. .1. .1579. .12 . 54Memoirs of the life and servises of real-admiral sir William Symonds, KT, .,
FRS, Surveyor of the navy from 1832 to 1847: with correspondence and other papers relative to the ships and vessels constructed upon his lines. London, 1858. P.283, 285, 286.
55. .19. .1. .285. . 2123 . 56 . . 1840. 57. -,
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60. 3. 61 . 62Memoirs of the life and servises of real-admiral sir William Symonds...London, 1858.
P.283. 63. .243. .1. .5022. .12 , 8,10, 23 . 24 . 64. .243. .1. .5022. .38, 38 . 65. 4. 66. .243. .1. .5022. .45 ., 46. 67 . 1855, 12. .216. 68. .870. .2. .291.
18411842 . 69. .. ... .315. .1. .775. ..
672 .
70. .19. .1. .224. .16. 71 . 1883. .. .388, 389. 72Memoirs of the Life and Services of Real-Admiral Sir W.Symonds.., Surveyor of the
Navy from 1832 to 1847. London, 1858. P.219. 73Memoirs of the Life and Services of Real-Admiral Sir W.Symonds.., Surveyor of the
Navy from 1832 to 1847. London, 1858. P.220. 74 30 31 1838
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75. .243. .1. .3424. .41 , 42 76. .1048. .1. .180. .5. 77. .165. .1. .842. .9. 78. .1049. .1. .225. .51. 79. .165. .1. .842. 80. .1048. .1. .179. .52, 72. 81. .1048. .1. .179. .202. 82. .1242. .1. .120.
83W.Kennish. A method for cocentrating the fire of a broadside of War, with an Appendix. London, 1837.
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FRS, Surveyor of the Navy from 1832 to 1847: with correspondence and other papers relative to the ships and vessels constructed upon his lines. London, 1858. P.281, 282.
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, . 96 . 97. .13. .1. .1. .8688 . 98. .13. .1. .1. .87. 99
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( ); . - XVIIIXIX , . : - 3050 XIX - ( ).
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ISBN 5-85875-001-X
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20.11.2003 60 84/8 Helios . . 320
04631 26.04.2001 193024, -, / 71 E-mail: chumak@comset.net
84- , 1836 () 120- , 1849
84-guns ship , 1836 (upper) and 120-guns ship , 1849
92- Rodney, 1833 () 110- Queen, 1839
English 92-guns ship Rodney, 1833 (upper) and english 110-guns ship Queen, 1839
2 0 0 3 :
.. . . .. .. .. ..
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120- " "
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