• 1/13 Focus:1/13 Focus:– Through conquest and social change,

Charlemagne brought much of western Europe together in a single empire

• Important Terms: Important Terms: – Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor

• Do Now:Do Now: – Explain why feudalism developed in

Europe?

The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages

The Frankish KingsThe Frankish Kings

Impact of Germanic Impact of Germanic Invasions and Collapse of Invasions and Collapse of

RomeRome• Roman

Empire replaced by small kingdoms throughout western Europe

Germanic KingdomsGermanic Kingdoms

RomeRome• Loyalty to public

government and law

Germanic TribesGermanic Tribes• Loyalty based on

family ties and personal loyalties

• Chiefs led bands of warriors who pledged loyalty to him

• Lived in small communities

The FranksThe Franks• Germanic tribe

that controlled Gaul – France

Clovis IClovis I

• Frankish king – Part of the

Merovingian Dynasty

• Converted to Christianity in 496 – Allied with the

Catholic Church

• Took over Gaul • Died in 511

The FranksThe Franks• Clovis I – Frankish King– Converted to

Christianity in 496– Allied with the

Church • Church supported

military campaigns against other Germanic tribes

• Clovis converted other Germanic tribes to Christianity

• Church gains political power

Ivory carving of Clovis converting to Christianity. He is

being baptized by a bishop

•

•

Charles Martel Charles Martel

• Was a major domo in the Frankish Kingdom– “mayor of the palace” – very powerful advisor

to rulers– commanded the army

and made policy• “Charles the Hammer”

Charles Martel Charles Martel

• Muslim invaders had moved into Spain – Wanted to spread

Islam into W. Europe

• Martel defeats Muslim army (Moors) at the Battle of Tours in 732 AD

• Stopped the advance of Islam into Europe

Pepin the ShortPepin the Short

• Son of Charles Martel

• Becomes King of the Franks in 751

• Starts the Carolingian Dynasty – Family ruled from

751-987

CharlemagneCharlemagne

• Son of Pepin • Ruled from 768-814

AD• Built an empire that

included modern day France, Germany, and part of Italy

CharlemagneCharlemagne• Cooperation with the

Church – Comes to the aid of

Pope Leo III• Papal States were under

attack from Lombards– Territory in Italy under

the Pope’s Control

• Defeats the Lombards

• Crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” by the Pope Dec. 25, 800 AD

• Worked to spread Christianity

• 1/12 Focus:1/12 Focus:– Charlemagne was able to rule a large

empire because of his strong personality, his powerful centralized government, and his effective military strategies.

• Do Now:Do Now: – Explain why Charles Martel’s victory at

the Battle of Tours is a significant historical event.

•

CharlemagneCharlemagne• United large parts of Europe– Appointed nobles to rule parts of the

empire• Gave land in return for defense• Early feudalism

• Established written code of laws • Cultural Revival – Promoted education– Worked with monks to expand libraries and

preserve ancient writings

CharlemagneCharlemagne

• Empire fell apart after his death in 814 – Europe falls

back into disunity

Closure Closure

• Identify two ways that Charlemagne sought to restore order in Europe