Post on 11-Mar-2020
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion
(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA01
Polarization and Characterization of PiezoelectricPolarization and Characterization of Piezoelectric Ring-Element Polarized in Circumferential Direction
Mi h i H J T i f lMinghui Huang, Jens TwiefelInstitut für Dynamik und Schwingungeny g gTokyo, 23/04/2012
IWPMA 2012
Motivation
• Torsional transducer• Complete ring-element polarized in
circumferential direction hardly available
• Polarization of a complete ring-element
© 2012 Minghui Huang, Leibniz Universität Hannover
IWPMA 2012
Polarization Set-up and Parameter Investigation
• Polarization Set-up
• Parameter Investigation• Temperature • E-Field Strength
© 2012 Minghui Huang, Leibniz Universität Hannover
IWPMA 2012
Characterization of Polarized Ring-Element
• Dynamic Measurement
• Static Measurement
• Future Improvement• increase the polarization time
il tt ti t t t• silver sputter coating treatmentPiezo Ring-Element
Polarization Strategy : 18kV-60min-120◦C
© 2012 Minghui Huang, Leibniz Universität Hannover
Thank you for your attention!
Minghui Huang, Jens TwiefelI tit t fü D ik d S h iInstitut für Dynamik und SchwingungenGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität HannoverAppelstraße 11, 30167 Hannover
huang@ids.uni-hannover.de
www.ids.uni-hannover.de
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA02
© M
ärz
12 M
uD
Univ
ers
ität
Paderb
orn
Applications for Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials
Motivation
Most lead-free ceramics do not reach
electromechanical characteristics of standard PZT.
Which applications are the right ones
for available lead-free ceramics?
Application Fields and their Needs
Positioning: high k & d, medium e, low s
Power ultrasound: high k, low e, low losses
Sensing: high k & d, low Qm
Energy harvesting: high g or d (depending on load)
T. Maeda, T. Morita, P. Bornmann, T. Hemsel, and Walter Sextro 1
© M
ärz
12 M
uD
Univ
ers
ität
Paderb
orn
Applications for Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials
Application of Hydrothermal made KNN
Conclusions
Available lead free ceramics are ready to use for sensing.
For application in positioning, d and e
should be further improved.
Power ultrasound applications might get
possible if high d and Qm are realised.
T. Maeda, T. Morita, P. Bornmann, T. Hemsel, and Walter Sextro 2
Hydrophone Force Sensor Acceleration Sensor
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA03
© M
ärz
12 M
uD
Univ
ers
ität
Paderb
orn
Investigation of Sound Fields in Sonochemical Reactors
Motivation
The production of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics using the
hydrothermal method benefits from ultrasound assistance.
For a sophisticated design of such ultrasound systems, the
interaction between the sound field and the ultrasound
transducer must be considered.
Appropriate modeling is required:
T. Morita, P. Bornmann, T. Hemsel, and Walter Sextro 1
Analytical Model
Only plane waves are
considered.
Limited to simple
geometries and simple
boundary conditions.
Good for fast estimations
and simple systems.
Finite Element Model
Complex geometries and various
boundary conditions can be
mapped.
Structural vibrations of the vessel
are considered.
Good for detailed analysis of
complex systems.
Ultrasound assisted
hydrothermal process
© M
ärz
12 M
uD
Univ
ers
ität
Paderb
orn
Investigation of Sound Fields in Sonochemical Reactors
T. Morita, P. Bornmann, T. Hemsel, and Walter Sextro 2
Analytical Model
Finite Element Model
Conclusions
Detailed analysis should be carried out using FEM.
The vibrations of the vessel affect the sound field.
An optimal configuration depends on many parameters like the
geometry of the vessel and the transducer, the position of the
transducer relative to the irradiated fluid, the driving frequency of the
transducer, the characteristics of the fluid, …
the complete system should be considered in the design process.
Transducer
Air
Water
Vessel Pressure distribution
in air and water
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA04
Piezo electric element
Metal block
Bolt Liquid
Droplets
Micropore plate
Micropore
Vibrating direction
Droplets Generation in the Flowing Continuous Liquid by using a Ultrasonic Torsional Transducer
and a Micropore Plate Takuji Murakami, Yoshiyuki Tominaga, Takefumi Kanda and Koichi Suzumori
Okayama University, JAPAN
• Mono-disperse droplets and high-quality emulsions for medicine, foods and cosmetics production
• The torsional bolt clamped Langevin-type transducer and a micropore plate have been used for the generation of micro droplets and emulsions
Schema of the ultrasonic torsional transducer and the micropore plate
Torsinal bolt-clamped Langevin-type transducer; result of modal analysis
Photograph of generated droplets when the applied pressure were
0.08, 0.16 and 0.18MPaG (left to right)
Fabricated droplets generation system
100µm
Relationship between the applied pressure on the disperse liquid and the droplet diameter
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24
Applied pressure [MPaG]
Dia
met
er o
f dro
plet
[ µm
]
Parameters of micropore diameter and vibrational velocity of the micropore
Liquid used in our experiments Dispersed liquid : Pure waterContinuous liquid : n-dodecane
Micropore diameter : 30µmVibrational velocity : 161.4mm/s
Pure water
n-dodecane n-dodecane
Outflow
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA05
Detection of Second Harmonic Ultrasonic Components Generated in Solids Interface
1aPA05Components Generated in Solids Interface
Makoto Fukuda, Takayuki Harada and Kazuhiko Imano (Akita University, Japan)
Introduction
When finite amplitude ultrasonic waves are transmitted to micro cracks, second harmonic waves are generated.
Second harmonic components generate not only with micro cracks, but also the interface between the transducer and the sample.
Transducer
Therefore, in the evaluation of a crack condition,it is important that the second harmonic components generated in the interface are suppressed.
Micro cracks Second harmonicti
interface
In this study, generationDetection of second harmonic
ultrasonic components for evaluation of solids interface will b i dbe carried out.
The second harmonic components generated from the interface of the
Transducer
glassesgtwo glasses will be detected.
glasses
-20
0
ude
[dB
]nd
amen
tal)
Function GeneratorVector SignalAnalyzer
TriggerNo adhesive
Experimental set-up
-60
-40
Rat
io o
f am
plitu
d ha
rmon
ic/fu
n
High-Frequency Amplifier
Matching Circuit Glasses(20mm)
Receiver(2 MHz)
0 1 2 3 4-80
Pressure [MPa]
R(2
nd
Second harmonic components was decreased as the pressure increased.S d h i t b d b t th i t f
Ultrasonic pulse waves of 1 MHz,10 cycles and
Transducer(1 MHz)
Second harmonic components can be suppressed by pressure to the interface.130 Vpp were transmitted through two glasses.
High contact pressure might be resulted in CAN generated in an interface was suppressed. But, it is difficult to control contact pressure in the practical use.
0)1
2
V] -20
0
de [d
B] fundamental
second harmonic0.04 MPa
Results
40
-20
0
mpl
itude
[dB
]ic
/fund
amen
tal
high polymer film
0 10 20 30 40-2
-1
0
Propagation Time [s]
Am
plitu
de [V
0 1 2 3 4-80
-60
-40
Frequency f [MHz]
Rel
ativ
e A
mpl
itud
(-36 dB)
0 1 2 3 4-80
-60
-40
Rat
io o
f am
(2nd
har
mon
iopagat o e [s] Frequency f [MHz]
0
1
2
plitu
de [V
]
-40
-20
0
Am
plitu
de [d
B]
fundamentalsecond harmonic
(-41 dB)
1 MPa
0 1 2 3 4Pressure [MPa]
Second harmonic components became almost constantwhen the adhesive was high polymer film.0 10 20 30 40
-2
-1
Propagation Time [s]
Am
p
0 1 2 3 4-80
-60
Frequency f [MHz]
Rel
ativ
e A
ConclusionsUpper waveform and its spectrum are 0.04 MPa, andlower waveform and its spectrum are 1 Mpa. In 1 MPa,second harmonic components was decreased by 5 dB.
Second harmonic ultrasonic components could be decreased by suppressing CAN as the pressure increase. Moreover, second harmonic ultrasonic components can be much suppressed by using high polymer film.
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA06No file submission
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA07
Growth of (KxNa1-x)NbO3 films by hydrothermal method and their characterization
T. Shiraishi(1), H. Einishi(1), M. Ishikawa(1, 2), S. Yasui(1),
IWPMA-9April 23, 2012
Hirosaki Cultural CenterPresentation Number; 1aPA07
T. Shiraishi , H. Einishi , M. Ishikawa , S. Yasui ,T. Hasegawa(1), M. Kurosawa(1), H. Uchida(3), Y. Sakashita(4)
and H. Funakubo(1)
(1)Tokyo Institute of Technology(2)Toin University of Yokohama(3) Sophia University(4) Fujifilm Corporation
1
Hydrothermal method
�Hydrothermal method
⇒⇒⇒⇒(KxNa1-x)NbO3 is expected as candidate of alternative for the leadpiezoelectric materials due to their superior properties.
・Lead-free piezoelectric material with perovskite structure
�(KxNa1-x)NbO3
We pay attention to hydrothermal method as deposition method.
0 200 400 600 800 1000Process temperature (°C) 2
・Wet process・・・・The process temperature is lower than
that of other deposition methods.
Low process temperature1)-6)
Hydrothermalmethod
CSD methodCDV methodSputtering method
So-gel methodAD method
1) S. W. Oh, et al, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 45 (2006) pp. 7465-7470.2) Y. Nakashima, et al, J. Appl. Phys., 46 (2007) pp. 6971-6975.3) K. Tanaka, et al, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 46 (2007) pp. 6964-6970.4) R. E. Jaeger, et al, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 45 (1962) 209.5) I. Kanno, et al, IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect.,
Freq. Contr., 38 (1991) pp. 256–270.6) M. Ishikawa, et al, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 48 (2009) 09KA14.
We pay attention to hydrothermal method as deposition method.
KNbO3
SrRuO3
KNbO3
SrRuO3
Ease growing of epitaxial thick film
Advantage of Hydrothermal method
⇒⇒⇒⇒It is possible to make self standing films.
・130µm-KNbO3 thick films grown on single crystalsubstrate.
・・・・Hydrothermal method have two additional advantage.
Deposition on flexible substrates
SrTiO3SrTiO3
3
・(K, Na)NbO3 films on flexible metal foils.
It is possible to make self standing films.
⇒⇒⇒⇒It is expected to expand applications.
XRD θθθθ-2θθθθ
Solid solution of (KxNa1-x)NbO3 films
x=0.26
x=0.58
x=0.88
x=1
In this report
pole figure
Phi
Previous report
Na rich phase
44 46 482θθθθ,,,,CuKαααα
1(deg)
・We succeeded in the solid solution of (KxNa1-x)NbO3 films by hydrothermal method.・Epitaxial growth was ascertained for all composition.
4
x=1
・ Hydrothermally-synthesized (KxNa1-x)NbO3
films did not make solid solution
A. D. Handoko, et al, Thin fSolid Film 519 (2011) 5156.
Please come to my poster and discuss with me together.
KNN {110}Psi
⇒⇒⇒⇒We report also on the electrical and the piezoelectric properties in poster.My Poster Number is 1aPA07
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA08No file submission
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA09No file submission
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA10No file submission
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA11
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA12
Design of the Thin Surface
Acoustic Wave Motor
Tatsuya Kawase and Minoru K. Kurosawa
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Surface Acoustic Wave Motor
Material Stator : LiNbO3 128°
y-rotated
x-propagation
Slider: Si / SiC
Traveling Wave Motor
The Thin SAW Motor
Characteristics of
Leaf Spring
110 mm
40
mm
Height: 11 mm
Driving Characteristics
(a) No-load Speed (b) Output Force
Preload: 20 N
Max. no-load speed 0.36 m/s Max. output force 1.28 N
1.28 N 0.36 m/s
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA13
1
Thermal Energy Harvesting from PZT Ceramics and PVDF Films
Hiroshi Maiwa Shonan Institute of Technology, 1-1-25 Tsujido-Nishikaigan, Fujisawa 251-8511, Japan
Fax: 81-466-36-1594, e-mail: maiwa@mate.shonan-it.ac.jp
ABSTRACT: Thermal-electrical energy converters based on pyroelectric effect are investigated for energy harvesting and possible use in ultralow-power sensor modules. The charge extracted was stored into a capacitor comparing performances offered by different rectifying circuits. The output voltage from PZT ceramics by temperature variation is also measured. Measured peak power and power density of PZT ceramics were 4.4µW and 1.4µW/cm2 for approximately 5K/s temperature rate.
Key words: energy harvesting, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, pyroelectric property, electrocaloric effect, relaxor 1. INTRODUCTION Thermal-electrical energy converters based on pyroelectric effect are investigated for energy harvesting and possible use in ultralow-power sensor modules. Different elements based on ceramics and thin films of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) were characterized. The charge extracted was stored into a capacitor comparing performances offered by different rectifying circuits. Results show that the harvested energy can be compatible with use in autonomous sensors working in low-duty-cycle switched-supply mode.[1] Relaxor-ferroelectric single crystals such as P 2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE For the characterization of the fabricated devices, an experimental set-up was assembled, including a Peltier cell, temperature sensor to drive and monitor temperature profiles, as shown in Fig.1
Fig. 1. Experimental set-up for measuring thermal responses of PZT ceramics and PVDF films. Commercial bulk PZT ceramics and PVDF films are also used for thermal energy harvesting. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Thermal response of PZT ceramics Thermal response from PZT ceramics with Tc of
145°C and 300°C are shown in Fig. 2(a) and (b). Output voltages are proportional to temperature change dT/dt. This result suggests that output voltage is derived from pyroelectric effects. The maximum voltage across 1MΩ load over 2V is measured under 5K/s temperature change. This output power and power density of PZT ceramics with Tc of 145°C were 4.2µW and 1.4µW/cm2, respectively.
-5
0
5
10
15
20
0 50 100 150 200 250
Vo
lta
ge
(V
)
Time (s)
Temp.
Voltage
50
100
0 Te
mp
era
ture
(d
eg
)
(a)
(b)
Fig. 2. Output voltages from PZT ceramics.
-5
0
5
10
15
20
0 50 100 150 200 250
Vo
lta
ge
(V
)
Time (s)
Temp.
Voltage
50
100
0 Te
mp
era
ture
(d
eg
)
2
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Tem
p. (°
C) /
Vo
lt. (m
V)
/ d
T/d
t (*
10m
K/S
)
Time (s)
degC
mV
dT/dt
Although the generated power and power density are modest at present, the values could be improved by selection of the materials with higher pyroelectric properties compared with PZT. 3.2 Thermal response of VDF films The possibilities of pyroelectric energy harvesting using these PVDF films are also investigated. The charge extracted was stored into a capacitor comparing performances offered by different rectifying circuits. The output voltage from PVDF films by temperature variation is also measured, as shown in Fig.3. The scattered output voltages from PVDF films are partly due to the lower Curie temperature. EC of PVDF films are investigated and will be reported in the presentation.
Fig. 3. Output voltages from PVDF films (Load resistance of 10MΩ). 4.CONCLISIONS Thermal energy harvesting using PZT ceramics and PVDF films were evaluated. Measured peak power and power density of PZT ceramics were 4.4µW and 1.4µW/cm2 for approximately 5K/s temperature rate. Acknowledgement This study is partly supported by grant in aid (C, No.22560671) and GRENE(Green Network of Excellence) project from The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA14
Yuan Zhuang, Seyit O. Ural, Kenji UchinoI t ti l C t f A t t d T d P l i St t U i itInternational Center for Actuators and Transducers Pennsylvania State University
Piezoelectric ceramic – 20 parameters, 20 loss factorsp ,
Elastic Losses Dielectric Losses
s11E ~ tan11’ c11D ~ tan11 11T ~ tan11’
T tan ’ S tan
11S ~ tan11
s12E ~ tan12’
E ’
c12D ~ tan12
D
33T ~ tan33 33S ~ tan33
Piezoelectric Lossess13E ~ tan13’
s E ~ tan ’
c13D ~ tan13
c D ~ tan
Piezoelectric Losses
d31 ~ tan31’ h31 ~ tan31s33 ~ tan33
s55E ~ tan55’
c33 ~ tan33
c55D ~ tan55
d33 ~ tan33’
d ~ tan ’
h33 ~ tan33h ~ tan55 55 55 55 d15 ~ tan15 h15 ~ tan15
Loss Factors
2tan’ (tan’ tan’) Q Q 2tan >(tan +tan ): QA < QB; 2tan’=(tan’+tan’): QA = QB; 2t ’ (t ’ t ’) Q Q 2tan’<(tan’+tan’): QA > QB.
APC 850 (soft PZT ceramics) – loss factors [10‐2]tantan'' tantan'' tantan'' tantan'' tantan''
1.43±0.02 1.76±0.04 1.84±0.06 1.78±0.04 2.96±0.26tantan tantan tantan tantan tantan
0 58±0 11 0 92±0 23 1 33±0 81 0 04±0 04 0 24±0 130.58±0.11 0.92±0.23 1.33±0.81 0.04±0.04 0.24±0.13tantan'' tantan'' tantan'' tantan'' tantan''
1.10±0.01 0.95±0.03 1.51±0.03 1.33±0.03 2.33±0.22tantan tantan tantan tantan tantan
1.05±0.18 1.04±0.28 0.76±0.13 0.43±0.01 1.49±0.03
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA15No file submission
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA16No file submission
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA17
A piezoelectric single crystal ultrasonic micro-actuator with high driving force
Compared with PMN-PT single crystals, PIN-PMN-PT single crystals have the following advantages:•Higher coercive field•Higher ferroelectric transition temperature(TR-T)•Comparable piezoelectric coefficients
The first bending vibration mode
Mingsen Guo, Shuxiang Dong, Bo Ren, and Haosu Luo
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Speed vs frequency Speed vs load
Comparison of the performance of the single-crystal actuator, voice coil motor (VCM), and piezoceramic motor.
REF: IEEE TUFFC 58, 2727, 2011.
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA18
研究所
Hanmin PENG, Junhui HU*Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing, China
CONTROLLED ADSORPTION OF DROPLETS CONTROLLED ADSORPTION OF DROPLETS ONTO ANTIONTO ANTI--NODES OF AN ULTRASONICALLY NODES OF AN ULTRASONICALLY
VIBRATING NEEDLEVIBRATING NEEDLE
The structure and size of ultrasonic transducer with a solid stainless needle
研究所
Image of water droplets adsorbed onto the needle
Comparison of the measured distributions of needle vibration and adsorbed
water droplets
Sound pressure distributionsimulation
Results and DiscussionResults and Discussion
The 0-peak vibration displacement at point P (z =
7 mm) is . 3.5 μm
3.5 μm
1.8 μm
1.8 μm
Water droplets’ shape adsorbed on the stainless needle.
Point P (z = 7 mm) is .
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA19
Wiebold Wurpts and Jens Twiefel
Institute of Dynamics and Vibration Research
IWPMA 2012 / Hirosaki
Analysis of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Systems
with Equivalent Circuits
and the Harmonic Balance Method
© 2012 Wiebold Wurpts, Leibniz Universität Hannover
Analysis of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Systems with Equivalent Circuits and the Harmonic Balance Method
Ultrasonic Vibro-Impact-Systems
Movement still harmonic
Harmonic amplitude and mean displacement
Amplitude depending stiffness
Constant contact force softening
Simulation Measurement
Mechanical
Equivalent Circuit
Vel
oci
ty [
m/s
]
© 2012 Wiebold Wurpts, Leibniz Universität Hannover
Analysis of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Systems with Equivalent Circuits and the Harmonic Balance Method
Ultrasonic Friction Damped Systems
Simulation Measurement System Model
Friction amplitude depending damping
Amplitude depending and unsymmetric admittance phase
Additional on poster:
Vibro impact with constant gap
More details…
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA21
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA23
Preparation and Properties of Lead-Free Piezoelectric (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3Thin Films through a Chemical Route
1aPA23
IWPMA 2012 (Hirosaki, Japan, April 22-25, 2012)
[111]
: Bi3+
Na+
Properties of BNTRhombohedrally distorted perovskite oxide
High Curie temperature (320˚C)
N. Makino1, B.-Y. Lee2, M. Moriya1, W. Sakamoto1, T. Iijima2 and T. Yogo1
1EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Japan2AIST, Tsukuba, Japan
: Ti4+
: O2-
Crystal structure of(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 (BNT)
Large remnant polarization (38 μC/cm2)
Problem of BNT thin film
Application in micro-electromechanical system(MEMS) devices
Thin film processing
Relatively low insulating resistance due to the formation of defectscaused by the evaporation of Bi and Na during heating process
G. A. Smolenskii et al., Phy. Solid State 2 (1961) 4371.
Ferroelectric properties of chemically synthesized BNT thin films
80
60
40
P (μC/cm2)BNT with excessBi (3 mol%) andNa (10 mol%)
BNT withoutBi and Na excess
Mn doping
The effects of Bi and Na excess compositions and Mn dopingon electrical properties were investigated to improve the lowinsulating resistance.
< Main object >
-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500
40
20
-60
-80
-40
-20
E (kV/cm)
Frequency : 1 kHz
BNT with excess Bi (3 mol%),Na (10 mol%) andMn (1 mol%) doping
BNT withoutexcess Bi and Na,Mn doping
Mn doping
Improved dielectric andferroelectric properties
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA24
A MEMS actuator using two kinds of shape memory polymersto activate only by heating and cooling
Satomitsu Imai, Kosei Sakurai, Yuta Takimoto, and Kenzo Kojima, Nihon University (Japan)
1. Purpose and method to solve the problem•Developing a new activating method for shape memory polymer (SMP) actuators without using an externalforce in conventional actuators as shown in Fig. 1(a).
• The activating method in this research uses two kinds of SMPs with different glass transition temperatures(Tg). Generated memory shape-1 is canceled by superposing the memory shape-2 at a higher temperature asshown in Fig. 1(b): the imparted memory shape-2 is the reverse shape of the memory shape-1. This methodemploys only shape memory effect to reproduce the memory shape.
•The SMPs used in this research are polyurethane series SMPs: “Diary (liquid type)”, DIAPLEX (Japan),MS3510 (Tg: 35 ℃), MS5510 (Tg: 55 ℃). It is possible to tailor a glass transition temperature for the SMPs.
Elasticity Memory shape 1+2:
cancelling the memoryshape-1
Temperature
SMP-2
Tg1 Tg2
SMP-1
Memory shape-1① ②
③
Fig. 1 Activating methods of conventional actuators and actuators in this research(a) Conventional actuators (b) Proposed actuators in this research
Glassy region Rubbery region
Shape recovery
Fluid region
Elasticity
Temperature
Tg
Applying an externalforce to deform SMP
① ②
③ ④
-200
20406080
100120
0 100 200 300 400 500Time [s]
Dis
plac
emen
t[μ
m]
c
Above Tg2
Below Tg1
Above Tg1
Temperature
Displacement
-500
50100150200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600Time [s]
Dis
plac
emen
t[μ
m]
Above Tg2
Above Tg1
Below Tg1 Temperature
Displacement
Fig. 3 Time history of the displacementsat the beam top
Electric heater
Laser displacement meterThermometer
SMP layers: t 32 μm, Tg1: 35 ℃, Tg2: 55 ℃Substrate: L28 × W5 × t0.113 [mm]
(Curvature: about 17 mm)
Beam
Settingcase
Imparted memory shapes:bent configuration
(2) Diaphragm type: Two pieces of the SMP diaphragm unit (SMP-1 and 2) are glued.
Fig. 4 Structure and imparted memory shapes3. ConclusionThe experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed activating method. Thisactivating method is applicable to various SMP actuators.
2. Experiments to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed activating methodby applying the temperature cycle to the two kinds of prototype actuators
(1) Beam type: Two kinds of the SMPs are spin-coated on both sides of the substrate.
Fig. 2 Structure and imparted memory shapes
Fig. 5 Time history of the displacementsat the diaphragm center
SubstrateSMP diaphragm
Imparted memory shapes:semi-sphere
R5 [mm]
1.43 [mm]15 [mm]
7 [mm]15 [mm]
Si substrate
Si substrate
SMP-1 layer
SMP-2 layerAdhesive layer
Laser displacement meter
SMP layers: t40 μm
SMP-1 layer (Tg1)
SMP-2 layer (Tg2)
Substrate (PET)
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA25
Mn-doped (K,Na)NbO3 Lead-free
Piezoelectric Ceramics Fabricated
with Hydrothermal Powders
Yuriko Yokouchi1, Takafumi Maeda1, Peter
Bornmann2, Tobias Hemsel2, Takeshi Morita1 1University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
2University of Paderborn, Fuerstenallee 11, 33102 Paderborn, Germany
yokouchi@ems.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp
1
Hydrothermal method
for making powders This study:
Hydrothermal method
Conventional method:
Solid-phase method
For making KN powder
Mixture of K2CO3, Nb2O5 & K2CO3 (24 h)
↓
Calcination 900℃(4 h)
↓
Ball mill for comminution(24 h)
↓
Calcination 900℃(4 h)
↓
Ball mill for comminution(24 h)
Low power consumption
High purity ・High quality
Preparation in a short time
Ionic reaction under high temperature
and pressure
For making KN powder
React KOH & Nb2O5 in pressure
vessel at 210℃ for 12 h
(NN: at 210℃ for 6h)
↓
Deacidification by HCl
↓
Drying
2
KOH
Nb2O5
Improving Quality factor KNbO3 + NaNbO3 + MnO (or CuO)
MnO dope
KNN+MnO(1.5mol%)
Q : 137
d33 : 89.6 pC/N
d31 : -32.9 pC/N
tand : 4.6 %
[1] T. Maeda, T. Hemsel, and T. Morita
Jpn.J.Appl.Phys. 50 07HC01 (2011)
3
KNN (Non dope)
Q : 73
d33 : 130 pC/N
d31 : -44 pC/N
tand : 2.7 %
LiNbO3 dope
(Soft type)
KNN+LiNbO3
Q : 20
d33 : 200 pC/N
d31 : -50 pC/N
tand : 2~8 %
[1] KNN+CuO(1.5 mol%)
Q : 285
d31: -32.7 pC/N
tand : 0.5 %
CuO dope
This study(Hard type) Previous study
Improving d33
Non dope
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA26
0
Effect of Friction Layer Creep Deformation on Dynamic Behavior of Traveling Wave Rotary Ultrasonic Motor
State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical StructuresNanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
It is found that the friction layer made of polymer material may flow into gaps between the teeth slowly during the long-term storage of TRUM.
Distributing forces applied on rotorDistributing forces applied on stator
Contact model considering friction layer creep behavior
Speed response of TRUM-60 with various creep ration
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA28
Synthesis of Lead-free Piezoelectric Material
by Ultrasonic Assisted Hydrothermal Method
Gaku Isobe1, Kanako Ohta1, Takafumi Maeda1,
Peter Bornmann2, Tobias Hemsel2 and Takeshi Morita1
1The University of Tokyo 2The University of Paderborn
Ultrasonic Assisted Hydrothermal Method (UAHTM)
Hydrothermal Method : Method to synthesize piezoelectric materials
at high-temperature and high-pressure
• Shorten the reaction time
• Make higher quality material
Irradiate high power ultrasound
Vessel
Solution
Node
Longitudinal mode
About 30 kHz
KNN ceramics by UAHTM
• KN and NN powder was synthesized by UAHTM,
mixed (0.48 : 0.52) and sintered (1125 deg.) to make KNN ceramics
• To prevent contamination
- Teflon foil cover
• KNN ceramics
Ultrasonic Assisted Without Ultrasonic Assist
Density : 4.47 g/cm3 Density : 4.27 g/cm3
Particle size got about 1/3
2 min Oral presentation with Poster discussion(10:45 ~ 12:00, Monday 23rd April)
1aPA29
Background• USM: Ultrasonic Motor• Principle: converse piezoelectric effect• Objective: USM performance in vacuum and high/low
temperature environment• Application: space exploring
Recent research• There has been a lot of researches on either
temperature or vacuum condition• But little research in vacuum and high/low
temperature environment
vacuum complexenvironment
temperature
Performance of Ultrasonic Motor Under Extrem Environments
TRUM with combinational structure• TRUM with double rotators and double stators• max torque of 2.2 N·m• max speed of 210 rpm
Test equipment• KM800-700: the Space Simulation System of Vacuum
and High/Low Temperature Environment
Lin YangLin Yang
Equipment parameters• Temperature range: -120℃~ +150℃• Extreme vacuum degree: 5×10-5 Pa
Test condition• Temperature: -80℃ ~ 100 ℃• Vacuum degree: 10-5 Pa ~ 10-3 Pa
• Low test level: 10-3Pa, -55℃~60℃• High test level: 10-5Pa, -80℃~100℃
• The speed and torque relationship of the motor
Low level result at low temperature
test result at low temperature and 10-3 Pa
0 1 2
0
50
100
150
200
250
Speed (rpm)
Torque (N.m)
28.1℃ 0℃ -20℃ -40℃ -55℃
speed
torque
High level result at low temperature• The speed and torque relationship of the motor
test result at low temperature and 10-5 Pa
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
0
50
100
150
200
Spee
d (r
pm)
Torque (N.m)
27℃ 0℃ -20℃ -40℃ -60℃ -80℃ speed
torque
High level result at high temperature• The speed and torque relationship of the motor
test result at high temperature and 10-5 Pa
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
0
50
100
150
200
250
Speed (rpm)
Torque (N.m)
20℃ 40℃ 60℃ 80℃ 100℃
speed
torque
Conclusion1. Combinational TRUM works steadily and
efficiently in vacuum of 10-5 Pa and temperature from -100℃ to 80 ℃;
2. The driving ability is not affected after the environmental test;
3. at low temperature: the maximum speed and maximum torque increase when temperature decreases;
4. at high temperature: maximum torque increaseswhen temperature rises.