Post on 06-Jul-2020
10/30
Pick Up
-Cycles Notes
Agenda
-Warm Up #7/Reading
Check
-Cycles Notes
Announcements:
-End of quarter:
11/7
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Warm Up #
Question (Written Out)
Answer located below
Warm Up #7/Reading Check
• 1) What are the 4 natural process that
drive biogeochemical cycles?
• 2) Give two examples of human
activities that can affect biogeochemical
cycles.
NUTRIENT
CYCLES
WaterCarbon Nitrogen
• Energy transfer through an ecosystem is ONE WAY
– All energy is eventually lost to outer space
• Nutrients such as nitrogen, water and carbon are able to CYCLE through an ecosystem and be reused.
NUTRIENT CYCLES
• The Law ofConservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed.
• Thus nutrients (which are matter) are recycled in ecosystems!
NUTRIENT CYCLES
Law of Conservation of
Matter
Evaporation:
Liquid water
converting to water
vapor
and rising to the
atmosphere.
Transpiration:
Release of water through
the leaves of plants
into the atmosphere
White Boards
1) Draw a picture
showing the steps of
the water cycle.
Include all relevant
labels.
2) Share!
(Evaporative) Transpiration
Step #1: Water is first
absorbed by the root
hairs of the plant
(Evaporative) Transpiration
Step #2: From
the roots, water
moves to the
leaves by
means of the
xylem
(Evaporative) Transpiration
Step #3: Water
exits the leaves
through openings
in the leaves
called stomata
stomata
(Evaporative) Transpiration
Water molecules have a slight attraction to each
other and “stick together”.
Step #4: Water that
evaporates out of the
stomata, pull on water
molecules still in the leaf,
which in turn pull on water
molecules in the xylem all
the way down the roots.
1) Humidity 2)
TemperatureHumidity : Transpiration Temperature : Transpiration
Factors Affecting
Transpiration
Factors Affecting
Transpiration
3) Wind
• removes water vapor that is in
the area immediate to the
plant.
– Since water moves from higher
to lower concentration, the rate
of transpiration increases
White Boards
1) Draw a picture
showing the steps
transpiration. Include
all relevant labels.
2) Share!
THE CARBON CYCLE
Carbon: • The basic constituent of all organic compounds
• Photosynthesis and Respiration provide a linkbetween the atmosphere and biosphere.
Plants acquire CO2 thru stomatain their leaves and incorporate it into organic molecules of their own biomass. This is called photosynthesis
Link between Atmosphere and Biosphere:
Link between Atmosphere and Biosphere:
→ Carbon is cycled quicklybecause of high demand from plants
→ Some of this organic material becomes a carbon source for consumers
• All organisms return CO2 to the atmospherethru respiration
• Decomposition recycles carbon to the soil and through the respiration of decomposers back to atmosphere
• Fires oxidize organic materialto CO2 (burning)
Link between Atmosphere and Biosphere:
Just where exactly is carbon found?
Carbon is all over!
We call carbon sinks, places/objects that store carbon.
We call carbon sources, places/objects that release carbon.
Some things can do both. But technically a carbon sink absorbs more carbon than it releases.
Carbon Sink or Source?
Source!
Carbon Sink or Source?
SINK!
Carbon Sink or Source?
SINK!
Carbon Sink or Source?
Both!
Carbon Sink or Source?
SINK!
Carbon Sink or Source?
SOURCE!
Carbon Sink or Source?
SINK!
Carbon Sink or Source?
SINK!
Link between Atmosphere and Biosphere:
Carbon can be found:
In the atmosphere.
The atmosphere is made up of:Nitrogen = 78%Oxygen = 21%Argon = 1%Carbon Dioxide = 0.04%
More on why this tiny
amount is causing so
much trouble coming
up!
Carbon can be found:
On Land.•Carbon is accumulated in plants through photosynthesis and then passed on to consumers that eat the plants.•When living organisms die, the carbon in them is then transferred to the soil or to decomposers.
Carbon can be found:
On Land.•Under intense pressure/temperature and after millions of years- dead organic matter may turn into carbon rich coal, oil or natural gas (fossil fuels).
Carbon can be found:
In the Ocean.
Carbon dioxide can dissolve into water.
The ocean is the largest carbon sink on Earth (because there is just so much of it!).
Carbon can be found:In the Ocean.
When CO2 dissolves in water, it makes the water slightly acidic (more on this later), but it also transfers the carbon into bicarbonate ions.
Carbon can be found:In the Ocean.
Bicarbonate can be used by certain sea creatures (like plankton) to make calcium carbonate shells.Depending on what happens to these creatures, the carbon here can be stored for a LONG time!
Carbon can be found:
In the Ocean.
When these creatures die they float to the bottom of the ocean. Over time, their shells will build up and with enough pressure are responsible for creating limestone, and large deposits of calcium carbonate.
The Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrogen gas (N2) makes up 78% of our atmosphere
• Nitrogen is needed by living things to make proteins and DNA– It ranks fourth behind oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen as
the most common chemical element in living tissues.
• Most organisms CAN NOT obtain nitrogen from the atmosphere however!
The Nitrogen Cycle
The Nitrogen Cycle
• Animals get the nitrogen
they need by eating plants or
other animals.
The Nitrogen Cycle
• Certain plants can are
able to fix nitrogen
(pull it into
themselves) through
their roots through
special nodules called
rhizomes.
• These nodules
contain colonies of
nitrogen fixing
bacteria.
Rhizomes
The Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrogen fixing
bacteria turn
atmospheric nitrogen
(N2) into a form that is
usable by living things
called nitrate (NO3).
• Plants absorb the
nitrate from the roots
and animals get the
nitrate from plants or
other animals.
The Nitrogen Cycle
• This nitrate from the bacteria can also seep back
into the soil, providing a source of nitrogen for
plants that grow next.
• Denitrifying bacteria turn NO3 back into N2, thus
cycling it back into the atmosphere.
The Nitrogen Cycle
• Plants that exist in
nitrogen poor soils, have
adapted to these
environments by
becoming carnivorous.
• They still do
photosynthesis to make
glucose, but eat insects,
birds and small
mammals to get the
nitrogen they need.