10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission...

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Transcript of 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission...

10-10-11

EnvironmentaEnvironmental l

GeologyGeology

James ReichardJames Reichard

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

10-10-22

Chapter 10Chapter 10Soil ResourcesSoil Resources

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Formation of SoilsFormation of Soils

BedrockBedrock RegolithRegolith SedimentSediment

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Formation of SoilsFormation of Soils

WeatheringWeathering PhysicalPhysical

ChemicalChemical Quartz resistant to chemical weatheringQuartz resistant to chemical weathering

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Soil HorizonsSoil Horizons

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Soil ColorSoil Color

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Soil TextureSoil Texture

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Soil Forming FactorsSoil Forming Factors

Parent material Parent material C HorizonC Horizon

OrganismsOrganisms ClimateClimate TopographyTopography TimeTime

PaleosolPaleosol

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Classification of SoilsClassification of Soils

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Engineering ClassificationEngineering Classification

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Soil PropertiesSoil Properties

PorosityPorosity

Soil moisture & Soil moisture & drought resistancedrought resistance

PermeabilityPermeability

Strength & Strength & sensitivitysensitivity

PlasticityPlasticity

CompressibilityCompressibility

Shrink-swellShrink-swell

Ion exchange Ion exchange capacitycapacity

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Soil as a ResourceSoil as a Resource

Agricultural food production Agricultural food production Soil fertilitySoil fertility Essential nutrientsEssential nutrients

Minerals and energyMinerals and energy AluminumAluminum Kaolinite clayKaolinite clay PeatPeat

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Soil LossSoil Loss

Soil erosion Soil erosion NaturalNatural Man-madeMan-made

ConsequencesConsequences

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Soil LossSoil Loss

MitigationMitigation Contour plowingContour plowing Crop strippingCrop stripping No till farmingNo till farming Grassed waterwaysGrassed waterways TerracingTerracing

Stream buffersStream buffers Silt fencesSilt fences Retention basinsRetention basins Slope vegetation Slope vegetation

covercover

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Salinization of SoilsSalinization of Soils

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HardpansHardpans