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Quick LaTeX Tutorial

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LaTeX Tutorial

• Why do you want to learn LaTeX?

• Nuts and Bolts of LaTex

• Examples

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Why you want to learn LaTeX

• Powerful control of document creation – particularly large technical documents

• Minimizes the drudgery – formatting, numbering, and referencing

• Disadvantage:– Steep Learning Curve

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LaTeX Platforms

• Scientific Workplace – (Commercial Package)

• UNIX Systems (LyX)– (Free)

• MikTex and WinEdt– PC Shareware– Needs wmf2eps– ghostview

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LaTeX Resources• http://www.ctan.org• http://www.colorado.edu/ITS/docs/latex/Ref/• LaTeX for Complete Novices

– (Nicola Talbot)

• The Not So Short Introduction to LaTeX 2e – (Tobias Oetiker)

• Math Into LaTeX – (George Gratzer)

• Learning LaTeX – (Griffiths & Higham)

• A Guide to LaTeX– (Kopka & Daly)

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The LaTeX Process

1. Create a text file (with your favorite text editor) with LaTeX commands

2. “Compile” or “Build” your document using the LaTeX program

3. Display resulting Document

4. Continue writing and go to 1 until finished

5. Convert Document to Postscript or PDF

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Flow of LaTeX Process

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Source code of your first LaTeX document

(fish.tex)

\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

My mother is a fish.

\end{document}

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Commands to Build and View Document

To use xdvi viewer

% latex fish.tex

…

% xdvi fish.dvi

To use acroread

% pdflatex fish.tex

…

% acroread fish.pdf

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Emphasizing words(fish.tex)

\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

\emph{My mother} is a fish.

\end{document}

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Underlining words(fish.tex)

\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

\emph{My mother} is a

\underline{fish}.

\end{document}

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Other font modification commands

• Bold face\textbf{}

• Teletype or typewriter face\texttt{}

• Italic face\textit{}

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Making references in LaTeX(fish.tex)

\documentclass{article}\begin{document}\emph{My mother} is a \underline{fish} \cite{WF}.

\begin{thebibliography}{99}\bibitem{WF}William Falkner, \emph{As I Lay Dying}\end{thebibliography}\end{document}

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Need to compile the document twice

• Using symbolic references requires second pass– \cite{WF}

• The second pass will resolve references

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Sum Equation Example(sum.tex)

\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation} \label{E:sum}

s = \sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}

\end{equation}

\end{document}

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Sum of Squares Equation Example (sum_squares.tex)

\documentclass{article}\begin{document}

\begin{equation} \label{E:sum_squares}s2 = \sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}^{2}\end{equation}

\end{document}

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Mean Equation Example(mean.tex)

\documentclass{article}\begin{document}

\begin{equation} \label{E:mean}\bar{x} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}} {n}

\end{equation}

\end{document}

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Mean Equation Examplewith limits (mean_limits.tex)

\documentclass{article}\begin{document}

\begin{equation} \label{E:mean}\bar{x} = \frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} x_{i}} {n}

\end{equation}

\end{document}

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Variance Equation Example (variance.tex)

\documentclass{article}\begin{document}

\begin{equation} \label{E:variance}\sigma^{2} = \frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} \left(x_{i} - \bar{x}\right)^{2}} {n-1}\end{equation}

\end{document}

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Standard Deviation Equation Example (sd.tex)

\documentclass{report}\begin{document}\chapter{Standard Deviation}\begin{equation} \label{E:sd}\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}

\left(x_{i} - \bar{x}\right)^{2}} {n-1}}\end{equation}\end{document}

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Changing the document styles

\documentclass{article}

\documentclass{book}

\documentclass{letter}

\documentclass{report}

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Report document style(main.tex)

\documentclass{report}\title{Assignment 2 for SIMG726}\author{Rolando V. Raque\~no}\begin{document}\maketitle\tableofcontents

\end{document}

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Create the following chapters

chapter_sum.tex

chapter_mean.tex

chapter_sd.tex

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chapter_mean.tex

\chapter{Mean} \label{C:Mean}

\begin{equation} \label{E:mean}

\bar{x} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}} {n}

\end{equation}

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chapter_sum.tex

\chapter{Sum} \label{C:Sum}

\begin{equation} \label{E:sum}

s = \sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}

\end{equation}

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chapter_sd.tex

\chapter{Standard Deviation} \label{C:SD}

\begin{equation} \label{E:sd}

\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}

\left(x_{i} - \bar{x}\right)^{2}}

{n-1}}

\end{equation}

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Modify main.tex to include chapters

\documentclass{report}\title{Assignment 2 for SIMG726}\author{Rolando V. Raque\~no}\begin{document}\maketitle\tableofcontents\include{chapter_sum}\include{chapter_mean}\include{chapter_sd}\end{document}

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Modify chapter_sd.tex

\chapter{Standard Deviation} \label{C:SD}…\end{equation}

We can see that equation \ref{E:sd} uses equation

\ref{E:mean} to compute the mean and that the \emph{Mean}

function uses equation \ref{E:sum} both of which are defined

in Chapter \ref{C:Sum} and \ref{C:Mean}, respectively

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Modify main.tex to include chapters

\documentclass{report}\title{Assignment 2 for SIMG726}\author{Rolando V. Raque\~no}\begin{document}\maketitle\tableofcontents\include{chapter_mean}\include{chapter_sum}\include{chapter_sd}\end{document}

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Miscellaneous LaTeX Topics

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Comments in LaTeX

%– Ignores the rest of the line

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To protect special characters

• Use the \ character– e.g.

My\_Cat.raw

• To typeset a section as typed

\begin{verbatim}

\end{verbatim}

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Verbatim command

• OK for small sections that can be typed into document

• What about including entire source code of programs– Use verbatim package

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Including Source code in LaTeX documents

\documentclass{article}\usepackage{verbatim}\begin{document}

\begin{equation} \label{E:sum}s = \sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}\end{equation}

The code as implemented in idl in vectorized form looks like

\verbatiminput{sum.pro}

\end{document}

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Including image graphics into you LaTeX document

• Need to convert your image graphics into EPS (encapsulated postscript).– For images, use pnmtops, e.g.% pnmtops MyCat.pgm > MyCat.ps

• Need to include an extension package to LaTeX called “graphicx” using command\usepackage{graphicx}

• N.B. In CIS systems, following example works for latex but not for pdflatex

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Including image graphics into you LaTeX document

• Need to convert your image graphics into EPS • For images, use pnmtops, e.g.

% pnmtops –norotate –nosetpage MyCat.pgm > MyCat.ps• -norotate keeps from auto-rotating the image• -nosetpage keeps from setting to a specific device• Need to include an extension package to LaTeX called graphics using command\usepackage{graphics}

• N.B. In CIS systems, following example works for latex but not for pdflatex

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Image Graphics Example(image.tex)

\documentclass{article}\usepackage{graphicx}\begin{document}\begin{figure} \includegraphics{MyCat.ps}\caption{This is My Cat} \label{F:MyCat}

\end{figure}\end{document}

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Flowchart Figures

• Create Flowchart in PowerPoint• Export as a bmp file• Convert from bmp to postscript

% bmptoppm figure.bmp | pnmtops –norotate –nosetpage > figure.ps

• OR User xfig because it will export to EPS • Shareware utility called WMF2EPS

– Windows clipboard objects to EPS

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Because current pdflatex cannot include Encapsulated

Postscript Files (EPS)…

• Need to go from dvi to postscript to pdf using the following commands% dvips image.dvi

% ps2pdf image.ps

• Some degradation in quality is observed

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