1 Identifying and Controlling Hazards Welcome! 1005.

1Identifying and Controlling Hazards

Identifying and Controlling Hazards

Welcome!

Workshop goals

• Explore the elements of an effective hazard identification and control program.

• Discuss the steps in the hazard identification and control process.

• Complete the hazard identification and control worksheet.

Form Teams

IDENTIFYING HAZARDS

What do the rules say?

ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of employment.

Every employer shall…

•furnish employment and a place of employment which are safe and healthful for employees therein, and…

•shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, safety and health of such employees.

ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of employment.

Every employer shall…

•furnish employment and a place of employment which are safe and healthful for employees therein, and…

•shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, safety and health of such employees.

OAR 437, Div 001, Rule 0760 (7) Inspections.

(a) All places of employment shall be inspected by a qualified person or persons as often as the type of operation or the character of the equipment requires. Defective equipment or unsafe conditions found by these inspections shall be replaced or repaired or remedied promptly.

(b) Wherever required in this safety code, a written and dated report, signed by the person or persons making the inspection, shall be kept.

OAR 437, Div 001, Rule 0760 (7) Inspections.

(a) All places of employment shall be inspected by a qualified person or persons as often as the type of operation or the character of the equipment requires. Defective equipment or unsafe conditions found by these inspections shall be replaced or repaired or remedied promptly.

(b) Wherever required in this safety code, a written and dated report, signed by the person or persons making the inspection, shall be kept.

What does “qualified” mean?

What criteria should we use to determine frequency of inspections?

What does “remedied promptly” mean?

What does your inspection report look like?

The safety committee is required to:

____________ the accident and illness prevention program

____________ procedures for inspections

____________ the workplace for safety and health hazards

____________ how to eliminate hazards and unsafe behaviors

Evaluate

Establish

Inspect

Recommend

What do the rules for safety committees say?

What is a "hazard?"

An unsafe _________________ or _________________ that could cause an ___________ or _______________ to an employee.

condition practiceinjury illness

How can a person be a walking hazardous condition?

What is “Exposure?”

• How close are you to the "danger zone"?

• Physical exposure - generally arm’s length

• Environmental exposure - could be everyone in facility.

How does your perception about the severity of a hazard change with daily exposure to that hazard?

Which one of those incidents will

end up as a serious injury? Major

Injury

29Minor

Injuries

300Near MissIncidents

• Are unique conditions or individual behaviors (you can point at a person or object)

• May exist or be performed by anyone, anytime, anywhere

• May directly cause or contribute to an incident or accident

• May be important clues revealing root causes

What you see are merely the symptoms: The direct observable effects of a underlying cause

Where do injuries come from?

Unpreventable acts. Only ________ % of all workplace accidents are thought to be unpreventable.

Hazardous conditions. Hazardous conditions (OR-OSHA violations) account for only _________ % of all workplace accidents.

What procedures do we use to detect and correct hazardous conditions?

System failure. Safety management system failures account for at least _________ % of all workplace accidents.

Types of Hazards in the Workplace

1. Falls 2. Impact 3. Mechanical 4. Vibration/Noise 5. Toxics 6. Heat/Temperature 7. Flammability/Fire

8. Explosives 9. Pressure 10. Electrical contact11. Ergonomics 12. Biohazards 13. Violence

Inspect to identify potential accidents

Struck-by

Struck-against

Contact-by

Contact-with

Caught-on

Caught-in

Caught-between

Fall-To-surface

Fall-To-below

Over-exertion

Bodily reaction

Over-exposure

Inspections and Audits1

Four Important Processes to Identify and Analyze Hazards

• The inspection examines conditions in the workplace to identify hazards.

• The audit evaluates the quality of program design and performance to better control hazards.

How to develop an effective safety and health checklist.

• Determine applicable state safety & health rules for the workplace.

• Review rules and use those you feel apply to your workplace.

• Develop applicable checklist questions that are not addressed in the rules.

Who's involved in the inspection process?

What is a major weakness inherent in the inspection process?

How can we overcome this weakness?

Observations, informal and formal, are quite important in daily workplace safety.

• Employees and managers can spot hazardous conditions and unsafe or inappropriate behaviors while they conduct their other tasks.

Observation2

What is the proper response when an employee observes a hazardous condition or unsafe behavior?

Observation2

What is the proper response when a safety committee member observes a hazardous condition or unsafe behavior?

Observation2

• Formal observation programs can be successful tools for gathering and analyzing data so that safety can be improved.

Observation2

What group is well-suited to conduct formal observation?

Observation2

What happens when the perception that discipline might occur as a result of formal observations?

Observation2

The Job Hazard Analysis

The process...

• Break a job or task into specific steps.

3SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________

Step 1 Description: _________________________________________________________

Hazards

Preventive Measure(s) Required

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Safe Job Procedure

__________________________________________________________________________

SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Safe Job Procedure

__________________________________________________________________________

The process...

• Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices.

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Safe Job Procedure

__________________________________________________________________________

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Safe Job Procedure

__________________________________________________________________________

The process...

• Develop preventive measures in each step to eliminate or reduce the hazards.

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Safe Job Procedure

__________________________________________________________________________

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Safe Job Procedure

__________________________________________________________________________

The process...

• Develop preventive measures in each step to eliminate or reduce the hazards.

• Integrate preventive measures into training and standard operating procedures (SOP’s).

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Safe Job Procedure

__________________________________________________________________________

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Hazards

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Safe Job Procedure

__________________________________________________________________________

Why is it important to involve the employee in the JHA process?

Incident/Accident Analysis4

All non-injury incidents and injury accidents, no matter how minor should be analyzed to identify and control hazards.

• Incident analysis allows you to identify and control hazards before they cause an injury.

• Accident analysis is an effective tool for uncovering hazards that either were missed earlier or have managed to slip out of the controls planned for them.

The two primary phases in the incident/accident analysis process

Event analysis. Analyze the event (near-miss, accident) to determine what happened.

Cause analysis

• Surface Cause Analysis

• Root Cause

What's the hazard?

What kind of accident might occur?

What's the hazard?

1. Controlling hazards by engineering the workplace - design tools, equipment, machinery, materials, facilities.

Hazard + Exposure AccidentHazard + Exposure Accident

CONTROLLING HAZARDS

2. Controlling exposures by managing work and workers.

Hazard + Exposure AccidentHazard + Exposure Accident

Why are engineering controls considered to be superior to management controls?

Personal Protective Equipment

What might be some of the drawbacks of reliance solely on PPE to protect workers?

Interim measures

Effective Maintenance Processes

Two equipment maintenance programs

1. Preventive Maintenance to make sure equipment and machinery runs safely and smoothly.

2. Corrective Maintenance to make sure equipment gets back into safe service quickly.

How can we make sure corrective maintenance is completed quickly?

Hazard Tracking Procedures

Hazard Description Reported Date Correct Responsible DateNumber by Reported by Supervisor Corrected

XYZ Hazard Tracking Log

0301 Lathe #3, needs guard Smith 9/9/03 9/15/03 J ones 9/14/03

0302 Dock needs warning stripes Wilson 9/12/03 9/30/03 J ordan

THE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET

Team Exercise:

View photos and use the worksheet below to determine hazards, system weaknesses, accident types and costs, probability/severity, corrective actions and system improvement.

Hazard Analysis Worksheet

Describe the Hazard:

Possible Accident Type(s):

Accident Cost Estimates:

Recommended Corrective Action(s):

Recommended System Improvement(s):

Review Quiz

1 Identifying and Controlling Hazards Welcome! 1005.

Documents

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