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Hydro PowerCatherine WalkerAmerican Public University

Used with permission from:Professor Stephen LawrenceLeeds School of BusinessUniversity of ColoradoBoulder, CO

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Hydrologic Cycle

http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/atmos/hydro.htm

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History of Hydro Power

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Early Irrigation Waterwheel

Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

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Early Roman Water Mill

Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

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Early Norse Water Mill

Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

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Fourneyron’s Turbine

Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

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Hydro Power to Electric Power

PotentialEnergy

KineticEnergy

ElectricalEnergy

MechanicalEnergy

Electricity

http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/images/technical/hydro-power.jpg

How it works

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glAiIDoTREE&feature=related

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Uses of Hydro Power

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U.S. Energy Consumption – US

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World hydro production

Source: http://grist.org/climate-energy/hydropower-continues-steady-growth/

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Three Gorges Dam (China)

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Itaipú Dam (Brazil & Paraguay)

“Itaipu,” Wikipedia.org

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Guri Dam (Venezuela)

http://www.infodestinations.com/venezuela/espanol/puerto_ordaz/index.shtml

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Grand Coulee Dam (US)

www.swehs.co.uk/ docs/coulee.html

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Percent Hydropower by US State

http://www.need.org/needpdf/infobook_activities/SecInfo/HydroS.pdf

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Hydropower Design

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Terminology Head

Water must fall from a higher elevation to a lower one to release its stored energy.

The difference between these elevations is called head

Dams: three categories high-head (800 or more feet) medium-head (100 to 800 feet) low-head (less than 100 feet)

Power is proportional to the product of head x flow

http://www.wapa.gov/crsp/info/harhydro.htm

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Types of Hydroelectric Installation

Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

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Conventional Impoundment Dam

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_plant_types.html

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ExampleHoover Dam (US)

http://las-vegas.travelnice.com/dbi/hooverdam-225x300.jpg

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Diversion (Run-of-River) Hydropower

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ExampleDiversion Hydropower (Tazimina, Alaska)

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_plant_types.html

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Pumped Storage Schematic

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ExampleCourtright Reservoir (California)

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Turbine Design

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Types of Hydropower Turbines

Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

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Francis Turbine – Grand Coulee Dam

"Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com

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Fixed-Pitch Propeller Turbine

"Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com

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Kaplan Turbine Cross Section

"Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com

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Housing for Pelton Wheel – Seven Oaks Dam

East End Hydro Operations

How a Pelton Turbine Works

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Pros and Cons

Pros and ConsProsLittle to no emissionsVery responsiveVery efficientRequires little maintenanceCreate reservoir lakes

ConsConstruction costsDisruption of ecosystemsSedimentationFew feasible sitesFailureDrought can affect power production

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