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Florida Marine Contractors Association

CRANE AND RIGGING TRAINNG AND CERTIFICATION

REQUIREMENTS BY OSHA AND ANSI/ASME STANDARDS

Shawn Khan October 16, 2015

Overhead Crane Operators

OSHA and ANSI/ASME require all operators to be trained and tested either verbally or with a written test to include a hands-on evaluation.

If the training and testing is not documented, OSHA says it did not happen!

Reference OSHA 1910.179, ASME B30.2, B30.11, B30.16 & B30.17

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Riggers and Signal Persons Riggers and Signal Persons are required to be

trained and tested and designated as Qualified per OSHA

Employers are to document who is designated for each lifting project.

Reference OSHA 29CFR Subpart CC, 1910.184, 1926.251, ANSI/ASME B30.9, B30.10, B30.20, and B30.26

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Maintenance Versus Construction OSHA looks at lifts “in kind” as

maintenance, where they will use the General Industry Standards.

If anything is lifted that is different in any way, OSHA will use the Construction Standards. These lifts include different materials, weights, model numbers, products, and sizes of the products that are being lifted.

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CRANES and DERRICKS IN CONSTRUCTION SUBPART CC

7 years in the making The new standard includes more SHALL

and MUST statements Changes are still not clear

◦ Letters of Interpretations◦ Clarifications◦ Guidance Documents (fact sheets and

presentation)◦ “Case Law”

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WHAT IT APPLIES TO

Articulating cranes (such as knuckle-boom cranes)

Crawler cranes Floating cranes Cranes on barges Locomotive cranes Mobile cranes (such as wheel-

mounted, rough-terrain, all-terrain, commercial truck-mounted, and boom truck cranes)

Multi-purpose machines Dedicated pile drivers Service/mechanic trucks with

a hoisting device

Crane on a monorail Tower cranes (such as fixed

jib (“hammerhead boom”), luffing boom and self-erecting)

Pedestal cranes Portal cranes Overhead and gantry cranes Straddle cranes Sideboom cranes Derricks . . . and variations of such

equipment.

Equipment that can hoist, lower and horizontally move a suspended load………

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EQUIPMENT EXEMPTIONS Excavators Backhoes Track Loaders Self Propelled Elevating

Platforms (aerial lifts) Forklifts (exceptions) Including when

machines are fitted with slings, chains, or other rigging equipment to lift suspended loads

Concrete Pump Trucks w/boom

Power Shovels Vehicle Mounted Work

Platforms Articulating/Knuckle

Boom Cranes – when making deliveries only.

Light Duty Cranes under 2,000lb capacity much of the standard does not apply

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SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS Tower Cranes

◦ Erecting, climbing, dismantling◦ Signs◦ Safety devices◦ Operational Aids◦ Inspections

Derricks Floating Cranes/Derricks and Land Cranes/Derricks on

Barges Dedicated Pile Drivers Sideboom Cranes Equipment with less than 2,000lb capacity

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KEY DATES

November 8, 2010 – Qualified Signal Person, Qualified Rigger, Qualified Operator, and Most Other Provisions Become Effective/Enforceable

◦November 10, 2017 – Operator Certification Requirements Effective/Enforceable November 8, 2010-November 10, 2017: Employer must ensure

that all operators are competent to operate the equipment safely and are trained and evaluated on that training before operating the equipment.

◦November 2011 – Insulating link/device (November 2013 for existing inventory)

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IMPORTANT TOPICS

Signal Person Requirements – Qualified & Evaluated (third party or in-house)

Rigging Person Requirements – Qualified & Evaluated Operational Aids/Safety Aids Ground Conditions Fall Protection (Employee Training and Manufactured

Equipment Requirements - Research) Authority To Stop Operations Inspection Criteria Operator Certifications/Requirements Power Line Safety Training – All Personnel Synthetic slings – requires padding

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HIGHLIGHTS

Definitions (100+) Training

Requirements◦Rigger◦Signaler◦Operator◦Crew Members

Equipment Exemptions

Operational Aids Ground Conditions Assembly/Disassembly

◦ A/D Director◦ Lift Director

Inspections Wire Rope Safety Devices Power Lines

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KEY DEFINITIONS Controlling Entity – Entity that has the

overall responsibility for the construction of the project – (GC, CM, Owner/Developer)

Qualified Person Qualified Evaluator Qualified Rigger Qualified Signal Person Proximity Alarm

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RIGGER◦Must be QUALIFIED:

Qualified person means a person with a recognized degree or certificate of professional standing or trained with extensive knowledge and experience. The qualified person must be able to demonstrate the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter or the project

….KEY DEFINITIONS

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….KEY DEFINITIONS

Signal Person◦ Know and understand signals to be used, as well as

all forms of signals ◦ Be competent in the application of the type of

signals to be used◦ Have basic understanding of crane operation and

limitations, including the crane dynamics involved in swinging and stopping loads and boom deflection from hoisting loads

◦ Must be able to effectively communicate to crane operator

◦ Oral or Written test and through a practical test!◦ Evaluated by a Qualified Evaluator – 3rd Party, In-

house

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SIGNAL PERSON QUALIFICATIONWho determines who is qualified: Must obtain documentation from a third party qualified

evaluator showing that the signal person meets the qualification requirements established in the standard;

OR Obtain documentation from the employer’s qualified

evaluator (not a third party) showing that the signal person meets the qualification requirements established in the standard

At no cost to the employee

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Signal Person Qualifications

Qualified By Documentation Portable

3rd Party Qualified Evaluator

Yes Yes

Employer Qualified Evaluator

Yes No

*Note – Must document the specific type of signaling they are qualified to perform – hand signals, radio, etc.

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AUTHORITY TO STOP OPERATIONS

Anyone can give the emergency stop signal!!

Whenever there is a concern for safety, the crane operator shall have the authority to stop and refuse to handle loads until a qualified person has determined that safety has been assured.

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MANDATORY TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES FOR SPECIFIC TOPICS Overhead Power Lines Signal Persons Competent/Qualified Persons Crush/Pinch Points – Exposed Employees Assembly/Disassembly Tag-Out Operators Fall Protection

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WORKERS IN THE LOAD AREA No worker can be within the fall zone while

the operator is moving a suspended load, except for the following situations:

◦ Workers engaged in hooking, unhooking or guiding a load;

◦ Workers engaged in the initial attachment of the load to a component or structure; or

◦ Workers operating a concrete hopper or concrete bucket (and other times).

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When workers must be in the fall zone the following criteria must be met:

◦ The materials being hoisted must be rigged to prevent unintentional displacement.

◦ Hooks with self-closing latches or their equivalent must be used.

◦ The rigging must be done by a Qualified Rigger. ◦ Only workers receiving the load can be within the

fall zone when the load is being landed

….WORKERS IN THE LOAD AREA

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GROUND CONDITIONS The Controlling Entity must ensure that appropriate

ground preparations are provided. (Firm, drained and graded, with knowledge of nearby power lines and utilities)

Where there is no controlling entity the employer must ensure that appropriate ground preparations are provided.

All information known about ground conditions are required to be shared.

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ASSEMBLY/DISASSEMBLY

Two options◦ Manufacturer procedures◦ Employer procedures – with oversight!

General requirements, such as:◦ A/D Director = “competent & qualified person”◦ A/D Director must:

Understand procedures Review procedures (unless A/D Director has used them

before) Check that crew members understand their tasks, hazards

◦ Follow manufacturer’s prohibitions◦ All rigging work is done by a Qualified Rigger◦ When using outriggers - fully extend or deploy as per the load chart

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CRANE INSPECTIONS

After Modification After Repair or Adjustment Post Assembly Each Shift Monthly Annual Comprehensive

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Daily/Shift◦ doesn’t have to be documented – but if it isn't in writing it

doesn’t exist!!!

Monthly Inspections◦ Documented and kept on file for three months

Additional Inspection for Tower Crane components upon delivery to site and prior to erection

….CRANE INSPECTIONS

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Annual Inspection ◦ Documented◦ Detailed inspection criteria◦ Kept on file for 12 months or next annual

inspection

Not in regular use:◦ Documented◦ Idle more than three months◦ Monthly inspection must be performed

….CRANE INSPECTIONS

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Crane Inspections

Inspection Type Who Inspects

Modified or Repaired/Adjusted Qualified

Employer Qualified Evaluator Qualified

Shift Competent

Monthly Competent

Annual Qualified

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WIRE ROPE INSPECTION Shift Inspection

◦ Before each shift (doesn’t say to document, but one should)

Monthly Inspection◦ All wire rope, Hooks, Wire Rope Slings, and Chain

Slings (Documented) Annual Inspection

◦ At least every 12 months, unless not feasible due to set-up. More detailed, including wire rope that is normally

hidden during daily/monthly inspections, etc. (Documented)

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Wire Rope InspectionInspection Type Documentation

Daily No Documentation

Monthly Documented

Annual Documented

Deficiencies (I, II, III) Documented

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OPERATOR CERTIFICATION/QUALIFICATION For the TYPE of crane to be operated! Capacity

was removed in May 2015. No physical examinations or drug testing

requirements, but NCCCO requires signature attesting to both.

Re-certification / qualification must be completed every five years

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Option (1) –certification by an accredited crane operator testing organization◦Accredited by a nationally recognized

accrediting agency◦Certification is portable◦Valid for five years◦Program must be reviewed by a nationally

recognized accrediting agency every three years.

….OPERATOR CERTIFICATION/QUALIFICATION

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….OPERATOR CERTIFICATION/QUALIFICATION

Option (2) – qualification by an audited employer program

–Developed or approved by an auditor certified by an accredited crane operator testing organization.Note: NCCCO, NCCER, CIC, and IUOE do not provide audits of In-House Training and Qualification Programs.–Auditor is not an employee of the employer Option (3) – US Military Option (4) – State/Local

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Operator Qualification and Certification Chart

Organization Portability Valid

Accredited Testing Organization

Yes 5 yrs.

Employer Qualification Pgm.

No 5 yrs.

US Military No Set by issuing establishment

State/Local No Set By issuing establishment, but no

more than 5 yrs.

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….OPERATOR CERTIFICATION/QUALIFICATION Written Testing on:

– Controls and operational performance– Ability to calculate the manufacturer’s

load/capacity– Procedures for power line contact– Site preparation– Ability to read manuals/charts relevant to the

equipment being operated – Technical Knowledge – Operations

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….OPERATOR CERTIFICATION/QUALIFICATION

Pass practical examination Ability to perform a pre-shift inspection Operational and maneuvering skills Application of load chart information Application of safe shut down and securing

procedures

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….OPERATOR CERTIFICATION/QUALIFICATION

Employer must revoke operators certification if they have reason to believe the employee is not qualified to operate.

All programs shall have provisions for retraining employees.

The current training records must be on file during the operator’s employment.

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….OPERATOR CERTIFICATION/QUALIFICATION

Many States, and/or Cities now require operators of essentially all cranes to provide proof of license in addition to certification upon request by an investigator.

An employer may be cited by the governing entity for a violation of the requirements, as well as the revoking of the license from the operator.

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….OPERATOR CERTIFICATION/QUALIFICATION

There is a four (4) year phase, currently in process, for the employer to get their operators to obtain certification by 11/10/2017.

New operator training will be allowed under the continuous supervision of a certified operator with some minor exceptions.

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OPERATIONAL AIDS Boom Hoist Limiting Devices Luffing Jib Limiting Devices Anti-two blocking–(February 28, 1992)

◦ (November 8, 2011-Lattice Boom Cranes)

Boom Angle or Radius Indicator Jib Angle Indicator Boom Length Indicator Load Weighing and Similar Devices.

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OPERATIONAL AIDS

They are required, but a temporary alternate measure is permitted when being repaired.

◦ Example – If boom hoist limiting device is not working, the boom angle indicator can be utilized or mark the boom hoist cable

Note: There are different categories for replacement parts (I, II, III) – Changes must be communicated to all affected employees

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SAFETY DEVICES The following safety devices are required

on all equipment unless otherwise specified in parts of the standard:

◦ Crane Level Indicator ◦ Boom/Jib Stops (except for hydraulic booms &

derricks) ◦ Locks on Equipment with Foot Pedal Brakes ◦ Integral Holding Device/Check Valves on

hydraulic outrigger jacks and hydraulic stabilizer jacks

◦ Equipment on rails must have rail clamps/stops ◦ Horn

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POWERLINES

Identify Work Zone◦Marking boundaries or◦360 degrees around crane up to maximum working radius

Could you get within 20 feet of power line?

YES NO

Option #1 Deenergize & Ground

Encroachment Prevention Measures(Equipment Operations)

Option #3Ask Utility for Voltage and Use Table A (with minimum

clearance distance)

Option #220-foot clearance

No further action

• Planning meeting• If tag lines used they are to be

nonconductive• Elevated warning lines, barricade

or line of signs

• PLUS one of the following:Proximity alarm, spotter, warning device,

range limiter, or insulating link

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Must Show:

• Staying outside zone is infeasible

• Infeasible to deenergize and ground

Intentionally Working Closer Than Table A Zone

All of the following are required:

1. Power line owner – sets minimum approach distance

2. Planning meeting – minimum procedures - Dedicated spotter - Elevated warning line or barricade - Insulating link/device - Nonconductive rigging - Range limiter (if equipped) - Nonconductive tag line (if used) - Barricades - 10 feet from equipment - Limit access to essential workers - Prohibit non-operator workers from touching above insulating link - Properly ground crane - Deactivate automatic re-energizer - Insulating line cover-up installed

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Table A – Minimum Clearance Distances

Voltage (nominal, kV, alternating current)

Minimum clearance distance (feet)

up to 50 10

over 50 to 200 15

over 200 to 350 20

over 350 to 500 25

over 500 to 750 35

over 750 to 1000 45

over 1000 (as established by the power line owner/operator or registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electrical power transmission and distribution)

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SUMMARY Read the standard Do research Ask a lot of questions Get clarification Don’t be afraid to call OSHA and ask for clarification Review OSHA’s presentation on line and their fact

sheets

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Presented byShawn Khan

Sales Account ManagerShawn.Khan@cicb.comPhone: (800) 327-1386Local: (407) 277-0884