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Data Dictionary

Day 2

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We will learn about…

• What is Data Dictionary

• Data Dictionary Objects• System Fields

• Creating custom table

• Internal Tables• Foreign Keys & Cardinality

• Structures

• Views

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What is Data Dictionary

• is a system independent

interface to the database• is a virtual database ( data

about data)

• provides data for datamanipulation and data

processing

• Also called as DDIC and ABAP

Dictionary

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Data Dictionary Objects

• Data Element

• Domain

• Tables

• Structures

• Views

SE16

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Elementary Data Types

Type Explanation

C Text (Character)

N Numeric text

D Date (DDMMYYYY)

T Time (HHMMSS)

X Hexadecimal

I Integer

P Packed Number

F Floating point number

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Domain

• A Domain describes the technical structure of a field that is its size andits data types.

• Domains are attached to Data Elements

• Fields which refer to the same domain (with the assigned dataelements), are also changed when the domain is changed. This ensuresthat the fields are consistent

• Defines a value range which describes the valid data values for all the

fields which refer to this domain

Domain

MATNR

CLNT

Table MARA

Data Element

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Creating a Domain

Enter a description (short text)

Enter data type and length

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Creating a domain (contd.)

Enter fixed value and description.

Value table may be entered

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Data Element

• A data element gives the description of the field of theTable

• Examples of predefined data elements in SAP

 – LIFNR

 – KUNNR – MATNR

 – CLNT

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Creating a Data Element

Enter a description (short text)

Enter domain name

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Creating a Data Element

Maintain field labels and column headers.

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Difference between Domain & Data Element

Domain Data Element

Defines Technical Attributes such asdata type, length, allowed values, etc.

Defines semantic attributes such asdisplay length, short text, long text, etc

A domain can be part of several dataelements

A Data Element can point to only onedomain

Used to define data elements, restrictvalues (using value range, value table,etc)

Used to define fields of tables andscreens

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A Holistic view

Data element Data element

Domain

Table A Table B Table C

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Tables

• Tables are containers which stores data in the form ofrecord

• They are a central component of the SAP R/3 Application

• One or more fields form a data record (also known as tupel)

• A number of data records of the same type form a table• Examples of few SAP defined tables

 – MARA : Material Master

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Tables Contd…

The table definition contains the following components

Table fields: defines the field names and data types ofthe fields contained in the table.

Foreign Keys: defines the relationships between thetable and other tables.

Technical Settings: control how the table should be

created on the database.

Indexes: speed up the selection of data from the table.

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Tables Contd…

• Types of Tables

ABAP

Dictionary

ABAPProgram

Transparent

Cluster

Pool

Internal

T bl C td

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Tables Contd…

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Creating a Transparent Table – Step 1 of 6

Enter the Name of thetable (should begin

with “Z” or “Y”)

Enter the Name of thetable (should beginwith “Z” or “Y”)

Press the Create ButtonPress the Create Button

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Creating a Transparent Table – Step 2 of 6

Enter a description (short text)

Maintain delivery class

Table maintenance attribute

After making all entries,Press the “Fields” Tab

After making all entries,

Press the “Fields” Tab

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Creating a Transparent Table – Step 3 of 6

Maintain field attributes

Maintain data elements

After making all entries,Press the “TechnicalSettings” Button

After making all entries,Press the “TechnicalSettings” Button

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Creating a Transparent Table – Step 4 of 6

After making all entries,Press the Save Button.Once Technical Settings

are save, Press the“Back” Button (F3)

After making all entries,Press the Save Button.Once Technical Settingsare save, Press the“Back” Button (F3)

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Creating a Transparent Table – Step 5 of 6

Save, Check andActivate the Table. Afterthat Press the “Indexes”

Button on theApplication Toolbar

Save, Check andActivate the Table. Afterthat Press the “Indexes”Button on theApplication Toolbar

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Creating a Transparent Table – Step 6 of 6Steps to create an index

After entering the IndexFields and otherparameters, save andactivate the index, Z01

After entering the IndexFields and otherparameters, save and

activate the index, Z01

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SAP Transparent Tables

• Example of few SAP Transparent Tables

 – MARA : General Material Data

 – VBAK : Sales Document: Header Data

 – KNA1 : General Data in Customer Master

• Example of SAP Cluster Table – BSEG : Accounting Document Segment

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Tables Contd…

• Foreign Keys

 – Uses

• Maintain data integrity

• Provide help texts

• Create aggregate dictionary objects

 – Prerequisites• The foreign key text field and primary key of the check table must

share the same domain

• A value table must exist for that domain

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Tables Contd…

• Cardinality

 – Cardinality defines the type of

relationship between two tables

 – The cardinality of a foreign key

indicates how many dependent

records a record in a check

table may have

1 : 1

1 : C

1 : N

1 : CN

Cardinality Types

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System fields

• SAP has a system table named syst. It stores all thesystem related data

• Examples of few fields in this table are

 – Sy-datum : System Date

 – Sy-langu : System Language

 – Sy-subrc : System check

  – Sy-uzeit : System time

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SAP Data

ConfigurationData

MasterData

TransactionData

System

Data• Sales Orders• Purchase Orders• Journal Entries

• Goods Receipts

• G/L Accounts• Vendors

• Materials• Stock Locations

• Metadata• Programs

• Documentation• System Settings

• Currency Codes• Order Types• Payment Terms• Field Status Codes

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Structures

• A structure is defined like a table in the ABAP Dictionaryand can then be accessed from within ABAP programs

• Contain data temporarily during program runtime

• The same data elements and domains can be used in

structures as in tables

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Views

• A view combines the data distributed in several tables

• Views allow to gather information from fields of differenttables and present it to the users in form they requirewhen working in the R/3 system