Post on 20-Jan-2016
1
COUNTRY REPORT SRI LANKA
R.M. Ariyaratne S.P.Sandanayake M.F.K. Nissa
INCOME GENERATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION FOR DEVELOPMENT
2
Outline of the presentation
Country background Administration pattern Social Condition Poverty Reduction Strategy
33
Sri Lanka National FlagSri Lanka National Flag
44
Government CrestGovernment Crest
55
6
Introduction# Ceylon was under Foreign Occupation from
16th century to 1948(Portugese, Dutch and British)# Sri Lanka gained an Independence in 1948# The country was renamed as “Democratic
Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka” in 1972
77
Total Area 65 610 sq. km
Land Area 62 705 sq. km
Inland water 2 905sq.km
Maximum length 435km
Maximum width 225km
Temperature
Over the lowlands 30.0 C
Highlands 18.0 C
Geography in brief _ SRI LANKA
88
DemographyDemography
Races Sinhalese 74%Races Sinhalese 74% Tamil 18%Tamil 18% Other 8%Other 8%
Religions Buddhist 70%Religions Buddhist 70% Hindu 15%Hindu 15% Christian 8%Christian 8% Islam 7%Islam 7%
99
PopulationPopulation
EstimatedEstimated mid year population (2008) 19.9 millions mid year population (2008) 19.9 millions
Population density 310 per sq. kmPopulation density 310 per sq. km
1010
Administrative UnitsAdministrative Units
Number of ProvincesNumber of Provinces 9 9
Number of Administrative Districts 25Number of Administrative Districts 25
Number of Divisional Secretariats Number of Divisional Secretariats 325 325
Number of Grama Niladhari Divisions 14013 Number of Grama Niladhari Divisions 14013
1111
KEY SOCIO INDICATORSKEY SOCIO INDICATORS
Infant mortality 12 (per ‘000 live births)Infant mortality 12 (per ‘000 live births) Maternal mortality 0.2 (per ‘000 live births)Maternal mortality 0.2 (per ‘000 live births) Average household size 4.3Average household size 4.3 Expectation of life at birth: Male 71.7 yearsExpectation of life at birth: Male 71.7 years Female 77.0 yearsFemale 77.0 years Literacy rate: Overall 92.5%Literacy rate: Overall 92.5% Male 94.5%Male 94.5% Female 90.6% Female 90.6%
1212
Key Economic IndicatorsKey Economic Indicators
Key Economic IndicatorsKey Economic Indicators 19901990 20042004 20072007
GDP Growth Rate (%)GDP Growth Rate (%) 6.46.4 5.45.4 7.47.4
Unemployment Rate (%)Unemployment Rate (%) 15.915.9 8.38.3 6.56.5
Investment/GDP(%)Investment/GDP(%) 22.222.2 25.025.0 28.728.7
GDP(Normal) Per Capita ($)GDP(Normal) Per Capita ($) 473473 10301030 16171617
1313
Sri Lanka at a GlanceSri Lanka at a Glance
Agricultural countryAgricultural country Manufacturing sector contribution is comparatively Manufacturing sector contribution is comparatively
lowlow Service sector is becoming significantService sector is becoming significant The economy was liberalized in 1977The economy was liberalized in 1977 Private sector is now promotedPrivate sector is now promoted Government plays regulatory and facilitating rolesGovernment plays regulatory and facilitating roles Main sources of foreign exchange: Foreign Main sources of foreign exchange: Foreign
employment, Garments, Tea, Rubber, Coconut and employment, Garments, Tea, Rubber, Coconut and Minor exports. Minor exports.
1414
WHAT IS POVERTY?WHAT IS POVERTY? Lack of access to human needsLack of access to human needs Inability to satisfy minimum needsInability to satisfy minimum needs In general, a poor person is defined as someone who In general, a poor person is defined as someone who
suffers from significant economic, social and human suffers from significant economic, social and human deprivationdeprivation
World Bank sees poverty as deprivation of material World Bank sees poverty as deprivation of material wellbeingwellbeing
Econimists focus on material deprivation while Econimists focus on material deprivation while sociologists and anthropologists consider deprivation of sociologists and anthropologists consider deprivation of social, cultural and political rightssocial, cultural and political rights
In defining poverty, the importance of a holistic In defining poverty, the importance of a holistic approach must be emphasized. approach must be emphasized.
1515
Poverty Measurement and Poverty Poverty Measurement and Poverty Profile In Sri LankaProfile In Sri Lanka
Population below US$1a day(1990-2004) - 5.6%Population below US$1a day(1990-2004) - 5.6% Population below US&2 a day(1990-2004)- 41.6%Population below US&2 a day(1990-2004)- 41.6% Human Development Index(2004) – 0.755Human Development Index(2004) – 0.755
(Ranking among 177 countries: 93)(Ranking among 177 countries: 93) Access to safe drinking water - 92.5%Access to safe drinking water - 92.5% Access to pipe-born water - 38.9%Access to pipe-born water - 38.9% Households with electricity - 78.1%Households with electricity - 78.1%
1616
Recent Poverty Reduction Policy Recent Poverty Reduction Policy FrameworksFrameworks
Vision 2010(2000)Vision 2010(2000) Regaining Sri Lanka(including PRS paper) (2003)Regaining Sri Lanka(including PRS paper) (2003) Country Forward – “Rata Perata” (2004)Country Forward – “Rata Perata” (2004) Poverty Reduction Srategy – Discussion Paper (2005)Poverty Reduction Srategy – Discussion Paper (2005) ““Mahinda Chintana” – A Vision for New Sri Lanka, Mahinda Chintana” – A Vision for New Sri Lanka,
Ten Year Development Horizon- Discussion Paper Ten Year Development Horizon- Discussion Paper (2007) (2007)
1717
Mahinda Chintana: A Ten Year Mahinda Chintana: A Ten Year Development Horizon (2006- 2016) Development Horizon (2006- 2016)
10 year Development Plan for Sri Lanka10 year Development Plan for Sri Lanka Development based on the ‘Mahinda Chintana” A Development based on the ‘Mahinda Chintana” A
Vision for New Sri Lanka, the Election Manifesto Vision for New Sri Lanka, the Election Manifesto (Nov. 2005) of H.E. the President Mahinda (Nov. 2005) of H.E. the President Mahinda RajapakshaRajapaksha
Main policy is to achieve 6-8% growth in the medium Main policy is to achieve 6-8% growth in the medium term and 8-10% growth in the long term, while term and 8-10% growth in the long term, while uplifting the life standard of the people by reducing uplifting the life standard of the people by reducing poverty, regional disparities and achieving MDGs poverty, regional disparities and achieving MDGs
1818
191919
Summary of Poverty Lines at Summary of Poverty Lines at 2002 National Prices2002 National Prices
1.FOOD Poverty Line1.FOOD Poverty Line Rs. 973 per cap/monthRs. 973 per cap/month
2.LOWER Poverty Line2.LOWER Poverty Line Rs. 1267 per cap/month Rs. 1267 per cap/month
3.UPPER Poverty Line3.UPPER Poverty Line Rs. 1579 per cap/monthRs. 1579 per cap/month
4.OFFICIAL POVERTY 4.OFFICIAL POVERTY LINE LINE
Rs. 1423 per cap/month Rs. 1423 per cap/month (Now this has increased to (Now this has increased to Rs.2945)Rs.2945)
2020
Poverty Reduction Programs/ProjectsPoverty Reduction Programs/Projects
Samurdhi ProgramSamurdhi Program
““Gamidiriya” Livelihood Development ProjectGamidiriya” Livelihood Development Project (world bank funds)(world bank funds)
““Gamaneguma” Rural Infrastructure Gamaneguma” Rural Infrastructure Development ProgramDevelopment Program
2121
Interventions of Social Safety Net Interventions of Social Safety Net
Samurdhi ProgramSamurdhi Program
School Midday Meal ProgramSchool Midday Meal Program
Free Education FacilitiesFree Education Facilities
Free Health FacilitiesFree Health Facilities
Gamaneguma Programme Gamaneguma Programme
2222
Main activities of Samurdhi Main activities of Samurdhi ProgrammeProgramme
_ Samurdhi Releif Programme
Nutrition Allowance Programme
Milk Subsidy “Glass of Milk” Programme
Samurdhi Social Security Fund
Infrastructure Development
Social Development
Micro Financince
2323
Samurdhi Relief Programme
Implemented for poor families to maintain their family living standards without further deterioration
Income < poverty line
Samurdhi Stamp No. of members
in the family
National LevelTotal Beneficiary families = 1.6 Mn
Allocation = 9600 Rs’Mn’
2424
Nutrition Allowance Programme
To improve the nutritional status of lactating mothers in low income families
Rs.200/=
“Mahinda Chinthanaya “ Programme
Target Group
Pregnant and Lactating mothers
Rs.500/=
Collaborating with Ministry of Health and Nutrition
2525
Samurdhi Social Security Fund
IncidentIncident Payment (Rs)Payment (Rs)
DeathDeath 10,00010,000
HospitalizedHospitalized 3000 * 3000 *
MarriageMarriage 3000 **3000 **
1000 ***1000 ***
BirthBirth 5000 #5000 #
2500 ##2500 ##
* Rs.100/- per day, Maximum 30 days
** Marriage of the Beneficiary
*** Marriage of the Other member of Beneficiary Family
# Maiden Birth
## Second Birth
2626
Infrastructure Development Programme
I. Gampubudu Program
II.II. Program for Upgrading Living ConditionProgram for Upgrading Living Condition
•Sanitary ProgramSanitary Program -“Gami Suwasetha”-“Gami Suwasetha”
•Drinking Water Progra-“ Gami Suwasetha”Drinking Water Progra-“ Gami Suwasetha”
•Housing Program – “DiriyaHousing Program – “Diriya Piyasa”Piyasa”
2727
1.Human Development Activities1.Human Development Activities Anti Narcotic ProgramsAnti Narcotic Programs Anti Smoking ProgramsAnti Smoking Programs Programs for Protecting Child Abusing Programs for Protecting Child Abusing Women Development ProgramsWomen Development Programs Scholarships ProgramsScholarships Programs Cultural Development ProgramCultural Development Program
Social Development Program
2828
Microfinance (Samurdhi Banks)
SavingsSavings Micro Loans Micro Loans Other Support ServicesOther Support Services Income Generation ProgramsIncome Generation Programs Janapubudu ProgramJanapubudu Program
2929
Some Key Issues on Poverty Some Key Issues on Poverty in Sri Lankain Sri Lanka
Though free Education and free Health Though free Education and free Health Services have benefited, major Services have benefited, major poverty poverty alleviation programs do not seem to have had alleviation programs do not seem to have had desired effectdesired effect on the poor people of this on the poor people of this country.country.
Inappropriately targetingInappropriately targeting the welfare benefits the welfare benefits for poor. (Most deserving households are not for poor. (Most deserving households are not receiving Samurdhi) receiving Samurdhi) (p. 33)(p. 33)
Huge Huge disparitiesdisparities between the rich and the poor. between the rich and the poor. ( p. 18).( p. 18).
3030
Poverty Maps show that Poverty Maps show that lack of proper road lack of proper road network and geographical isolationnetwork and geographical isolation are highly are highly correlated with the incidence of poverty.correlated with the incidence of poverty.
Those who are depending only on Those who are depending only on agriculture agriculture are are vulnerable to any natural disastersvulnerable to any natural disasters such as such as floods, droughts etc.floods, droughts etc.
In the In the poorest DSDspoorest DSDs , around , around 75%75% of the of the Heads of Households (HOHs) are engaged in Heads of Households (HOHs) are engaged in own account work, mainly in own account work, mainly in agriculture agriculture and and 90% HOHs 90% HOHs have not reachedhave not reached even even G.C.E.(O/L).G.C.E.(O/L).
3131
Inadequate water in dry zone.Inadequate water in dry zone. More than 70% of the Major Industries are located in More than 70% of the Major Industries are located in
the Western Province.the Western Province. High intervention of middlemen for agriculture High intervention of middlemen for agriculture
products marketing.products marketing. Daily wage salaries for estate workersDaily wage salaries for estate workers Project implementation issues in Conflict- affected Project implementation issues in Conflict- affected
areasareas High interest rates for micro-financingHigh interest rates for micro-financing On going warOn going war
3232
A New Approach…A New Approach…“Jathika Saviya – Gama Neguma”“Jathika Saviya – Gama Neguma”
Identified 119 villages in poorest 119 DSDs using Identified 119 villages in poorest 119 DSDs using the Poverty Map done by the Census & Statistics the Poverty Map done by the Census & Statistics Department.Department.
Aim is to build a micro enterprise village with Aim is to build a micro enterprise village with comprehensive facilities, such as access roads, comprehensive facilities, such as access roads, schools, health centers, ICT centers, industries, schools, health centers, ICT centers, industries, agricultural facilities, micro-finance etc.agricultural facilities, micro-finance etc.
Integration of all rural development and poverty Integration of all rural development and poverty reduction programsreduction programs
A Top – bottom & Bottom – up ProgramA Top – bottom & Bottom – up Program
3333
A New Approach…A New Approach…“Jathika Saviya – Gama Neguma”“Jathika Saviya – Gama Neguma”
Project identification by – Village CommitteeProject identification by – Village Committee (at village level)(at village level)
Project steering by – People’s CommitteeProject steering by – People’s Committee (at DSDs level)(at DSDs level)
Project implementation by – Ministries & DepartmentsProject implementation by – Ministries & Departments Project Supervision by – Vigilance CommitteeProject Supervision by – Vigilance Committee (at village level)(at village level)
Overall Coordination and Supervision by – Ministry of Overall Coordination and Supervision by – Ministry of Nation Building & Estate Infrastructure DevelopmentNation Building & Estate Infrastructure Development
Policy Guidelines by – Ministerial level Steering Committee Policy Guidelines by – Ministerial level Steering Committee
3434
3535
3636
Formulation of Village Organization
3737
Group Economic Activities
Nursery of Pepper
3838
3939
4040
4141
4242
Thank YouThank You