Transcript of 1 CIRCULATORY & EXCRETORY SYSTEMS UNIT 3 – PART 1.
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- 1 CIRCULATORY & EXCRETORY SYSTEMS UNIT 3 PART 1
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- 2 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
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- FUNCTIONS To transport O 2 to the cells of the body so that
cells may do cellular respiration To Transport nutrients to the
cells of the body To transport CO 2 and cellular wastes away from
the cells 3
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- PARTS Heart Blood Vessels Blood 4
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- COMPONENTS OF BLOOD Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets
Plasma 5
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- WHAT ARE RED BLOOD CELLS? Also called erythrocytes Transport
oxygen Shaped like disks Produced in the red bone marrow Contain
Hemoglobin An iron containing protein that binds to oxygen Gives
blood a red color 6
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- WHAT ARE WHITE BLOOD CELLS? Also called leukocytes Produced in
the red bone marrow Can live for days, months or even years Guard
against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria Can leave
the circulatory system and go into the immune system fighting
infection 7
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- WHAT ARE TWO KINDS OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS? Phagocytes (eating
cells) Engulf and digest disease causing bacteria Lymphocytes
Produce antibodies that are proteins to help destroy pathogens
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- WHAT ARE PLATELETS? Cell fragments needed for clotting Made in
bone marrow Clotting process Platelet comes in contact with edges
of broken blood vessel and becomes sticky A cluster of platelets
gathers around the wound forming a clot (scab) 9
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- WHAT IS PLASMA? Fluid part of blood (mostly made of water)
Straw colored Transport fatty acids, hormones and vitamins Regulate
osmotic pressure and blood volume Fight viral and bacterial
infections Aid in blood clotting 10
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- TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS Arteries Large and thick-walled Carry
blood from the heart to the rest of the body 11
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- TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS Veins Smaller than arteries and not as
thick- walled Carry blood from the rest of the body back to the
heart 12
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- TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS Capillaries Tiny blood vessels with
walls that are only one cell thick Oxygen and nutrient absorption
take place in the capillaries Also move CO 2 and waste products
into the blood from cells 13
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- THE HEART 14
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- BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART Oxygen poor- 1.) Superior and
inferior vena cava 2.) Right Atrium 3.) Right Ventricle 4.) Lungs
Oxygen rich- 5.) Left Atrium 6.) Left Ventricle 7.) Aorta 8.) Body
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- BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE BODY Pulmonary circulation Right side of
the heart pumps blood from the heart to the lungs Systemic
circulation Left side of the heart receives blood from the lungs
and pumps it to the rest of the body 16
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- CLOSED VS. OPEN CIRCULATION Closed circulation blood is
contained in a system of vessels and forced through them by a heart
or heart-like organ Open circulation blood is partially contained
in a system of vessels; a heart or heart-like pump pushes the blood
though spongy tissues 17
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- THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
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- FUNCTION OF THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM Maintains homeostasis in the
body by removing waste products from the cells and expelling them
from the body Single-celled organisms can use active transport or
diffusion Multicellular organisms must have a complete system
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- PARTS OF THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM Kidneys : 1.remove waste products
from the blood 2.maintain blood pH 3.regulates total blood volume
by controlling water content in blood Ureters Urinary Bladder
Urethra Skin releases excess salts and water through pores Lungs
remove excess carbon dioxide from the blood
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- PARTS OF THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
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- KIDNEY STRUCTURE 2 regions of kidney Renal cortex-outer region
Renal medulla-inner region Nephrons Functional units (~1 million
each kidney)
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- STEP 1: FILTRATION Materials filtered from the blood by the
nephron are called filtrate 1.Water 2.Salts 3.Glucose 4.Amino acids
5.Urea (the waste product of amino acid breakdown)
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- STEP 2: RE-ABSORPTION Amino acids, fat, glucose and most water
- returned to the blood. Urine - urea, excess salts and water;
stays in the nephron
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- STEP 3: EXCRETION Flow of Urine: Nephron Ureters Urinary
bladder Urethra Average bladder capacity is 500 ml (16 oz) ~48
gallons of filtrate are processed each day; 1% is excreted as urine
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- HOMEOSTASIS BY MACHINE Dialysis - blood is passed through a
filtration system other than the kidneys and returned to the body
Hemodialysis - machinePeritoneal dialysis