1 Approaches to dialogue Peter KühnleinHannes Rieser.

Approaches to dialogue

Peter Kühnlein Hannes Rieser

http://129.70.104.40/TCD

Schedule

Feb 25

Feb 26

Feb 27

Feb 28

14:00 Intro

Schedule

Feb 25

Feb 26

Feb 27

Feb 28

14:00 Intro

14:45 Dialogue

Games I

Schedule

Feb 25

Feb 26

Feb 27

Feb 28

14:00 Intro Dialogue Games II

14:45 Dialogue

Games I

Schedule

Feb 25

Feb 26

Feb 27

Feb 28

14:45 Dialogue

Games I

Dialogue Games III

Schedule

Feb 25

Feb 26

Feb 27

Feb 28

Dialogue Macro

14:45 Dialogue

Games I

Dialogue Games III

Schedule

Feb 25

Feb 26

Feb 27

Feb 28

Dialogue Macro

14:45 Dialogue

Games I

Dialogue Games III

Plan-based

Accounts I

Schedule

Feb 25

Feb 26

Feb 27

Feb 28

Dialogue Macro

Plan-based

Accounts II

14:45 Dialogue

Games I

Dialogue Games III

Plan-based

Accounts I

Schedule

Feb 25

Feb 26

Feb 27

Feb 28

Dialogue Macro

Plan-based

Accounts II

14:45 Dialogue

Games I

Dialogue Games III

Plan-based

Accounts I

Plan-based Accounts III

Schedule

Feb 25

Feb 26

Feb 27

Feb 28

Dialogue Macro

Plan-based

Accounts II

Plan-based Accounts IV

14:45 Dialogue

Games I

Dialogue Games III

Plan-based

Accounts I

Schedule

Feb 25

Feb 26

Feb 27

Feb 28

Dialogue Macro

Plan-based

Accounts II

Plan-based Accounts IV

14:45 Dialogue

Games I

Dialogue Games III

Plan-based

Accounts I

Intentions in Dialogue I

Schedule

14:00 Intentions in Dialogue II

Schedule

14:45 Intentions in Dialogue III

Schedule

Coordina-tion in Dialogue I

Schedule

Coordina-tion in

Dialogue II

Schedule

Coordina-tion in

Dialogue III

Coordina-tion in

Dialogue II

Schedule

Coordina-tion in

Dialogue III

Coordina-tion in

Dialogue II

Psycholin-guistics of Dialogue I

Schedule

Coordina-tion in

Dialogue III

Psycholin-guistics of Dialogue II

Coordina-tion in

Dialogue II

Schedule

Coordina-tion in

Dialogue III

Coordina-tion in

Dialogue II

Psycholin-guistics of Dialogue III

Schedule

Coordina-tion in

Dialogue III

Discussion: Comparing Frame-works

Coordina-tion in

Dialogue II

Psycholin-guistics of Dialogue III

Discussion: Comparing Frame-works

Acknowledgements

We thank the ERASMUS staff exchange programfor a grant.

We thank our colleagues from the computer sciencedepartment for the VR pictures.

We thank Trinity College Dublin for the organization of the seminar.

We thank Carl Vogel for his support.

Introduction

Corpus :22 construction dialogues, 15 to 32 min.15 with screenMaterials: transcripts, videos, speech recordings

Dialogue examples, setting & corpus

Introduction

(A)Inst: So, jetzt nimmst du

Well, now you takeCnst: eine Schraube

a screw.Inst: eine <-> orangene mit einem

Schlitz.an <-> orange one with a slit

Cnst: Ja. Yes

Introduction

Dialogue example & situation

(A)Inst: So, jetzt nimmst du

Well, now you takeCnst: eine Schraube

a screw.Inst: eine <-> orangene mit einem

Schlitz.an <-> orange one with a slit

Cnst: Ja. Yes

Available Bolts

Introduction

Dialogue example & situation

Previous step : highest coordination peak point

Coordination peak points & parts of construction

Introduction

1 6 11 16

Sufficiently informative propositions

Fig. 9: Coordination throughout the dialogue

Coordination throughout the dialogue

Introduction

Inst: Und steckst sie dadurch, also

And you put it through there,

let’s see

Cnst: Von oben.

From the top.

Inst: Von oben, daß also die drei festgeschraubt werden dann.

From the top, so that the three bars get fixed.

Cnst: Ja.

Intended Junction

Intended Result

Dialogue example … c'td

Introduction

(A)Inst: Well, now you takeCnst: a screw.Inst: an <-> orange one with a slitCnst: Yes.

Dialogue example & situation c'td

Introduction

(A)Inst: Well, now you takeCnst: a screw.Inst: an <-> orange one with a slitCnst: Yes.

(B)Inst: And you put it through there, let’s seeCnst: From the top.Inst: From the top, so that the three bars get fixed.Cnst: Yes.

Introduction

What is introduced: (A): object (screw; terminologically round head bolt)(B): direction (screwing bolt into port from designated top of fuselage)

Introduction

What is introduced: (A): object (screw; terminologically round head bolt)(B): direction (screwing bolt into port from designated top of fuselage)

Observations:

1. Cooperativity: Inst and Cnst produce a directive together.

Stages in (A) : Inst starts production of an indirect speech act.Cnst wants to contribute the object-NP.

Similarly in (B): Inst demands a put-through-action.Cnst contributes the direction-AvP.

Introduction

2. Repair-construction in (A): Inst adds repair to Cnst’s contribution. Repair-construction can be seen as a sub-dialogueinitiated by Inst and completed by Cnst’s reply.

Introduction

3. Repair++: Confirmation of contribution of Cnst’s by Inst and extension of contribution (in B). Confirmation can be seen as a sub-dialogue initiated by Inst and completed by Cnst’s reply.

Motivation for sub-dialogue assumption: (A) and (B) can basically be seen astwo conjoined speech acts etc.; precond., grounding

Introduction

3. Repair++: Confirmation of contribution of Cnst’s by Inst and extension of contribution (in B). Confirmation can be seen as a sub-dialogue initiated by Inst and completed by Cnst’s reply.

Motivation for sub-dialogue assumption: (A) and (B) can basically be seen astwo conjoined speech acts etc.; precond., grounding

4. Coordination: Inst and Cnst have to coordinate their grammar. Especially clear from (A).

Cnst continues production (application of rule) of Inst’s.

Introduction

5. Common knowledge concerning the domain: Inst and Cnst have common knowledge concerning the properties of objects like bars, bolts, nuts, and aggregates.

Introduction

5. Common knowledge concerning the domain: Inst and Cnst have common knowledge concerning the properties of objects like bars, bolts, nuts, and aggregates

6. Common knowledge of how to produce a stable bolt-nut-combination. Hence: Cnst can complete speech act on the basis of such knowledge. Additional source of common knowledge: aggregate built so far.

Introduction

5. Common knowledge concerning the domain: Inst and Cnst have common knowledge concerning the properties of objects like bars, bolts, nuts, and aggregates

6. Common knowledge of how to produce a stable bolt-nut-combination. Hence: Cnst can complete speech act on the basis of such knowledge. Additional source of common knowledge: aggregate built so far.

7. Common knowledge concerning grammar and the speech act interface.

Introduction

8. (A): Underlying intention of Inst’s forms utterance-level intention.intend(Inst, intend(Cnst, take (Cnst, bolt)))

Introduction

9. Recognition of intention on part of Cnst’s:Believe(Cnst, intend(Inst, intend(Cnst, take (Cnst, bolt))))

Introduction

10. Cooperativity on part of Cnst due to recognition of intention. Cnst takes over intention of Inst’s:

intend(Cnst, take (Cnst, bolt)Similarly for the (B)-case.

Introduction

10. Cooperativity on part of Cnst due to recognition of intention. Cnst takes over intention of Inst’s:

intend(Cnst, take (Cnst, bolt)Similarly for the (B)-case.

11. Intentions linked to discourse segments Inst’s intention for (A) and (B): object selection and putting

Introduction

12. Inst and Cnst know how to produce task- relevant adjacency pairs: directives and replies.

Introduction

13. Inst and Const know patterns for producing sub-dialogues:

Proposal + repair + reply. Proposal + confirmation of proposal + extension of proposal + reply.

Introduction

13. Inst and Const know patterns for producing sub-dialogues:

Proposal + repair + reply.

Proposal + confirmation of proposal + extension of proposal + reply.

14. Words that facilitate communication, interaction and

recognition of discourse structure: so/well/let’s see indicating next

step in task

Introduction

Co-operativity, Coordination

Patterns:Speech actsAdjacency pairsRepairs, confirmationSub-dialogues

Intentions:Utterance level intentionsIntentions linked to discourse segments Intention recognition

Summary of observations

Introduction

Common knowledge:

Domain

Actions (production of aggregates)

Grammar-speech-act-interface

Patterns for spoken language interaction

Summary of observations c'td

Introduction

References

Dialogue (Macro)Games

Levin & Moore (1977): Dialogue Games: Meta-communication structures for Natural Language Interaction. ISI/RR-77-53

Sequel

Mann (1988): Dialogue Games: Convention of Human Interaction. Argumentation 2, 511 – 532

Mann (2002): Dialogue Macro Games

Plan-based Accounts

Allen & Litman (1987): A Plan Recognition Model for Subdialogues in Conversations. Cognitive Science 11, pp. 163-200

Sequel

Grosz & Sidner (): Plans for Discourse.

Grosz & Kraus (1993): Collaborative Plans for Group

Activities. Proceedings of IJCAI-93 Vol. 1, pp. 367-373

Intentionalist Accounts

Grosz & Sidner (1986): Attention, Intentions, and the Structure of Discourse. Comp. Ling., Vol. 12(3), pp. 175-204

Sequel

Bratman (1999): Shared Intention, Ch.6 in: Faces of Intention, CUP

Plan-based Accounts

Allen & Litman (1987): A Plan Recognition Model for Subdialogues in Conversations. Cognitive Science 11, pp. 163-200

Sequel

Litman, D. J., Allen, J., F.:1990, Discourse Processing and Commonsense Plans. Ch. 17 of Cohen, Ph. R et al. Eds, Intentions in Communication. MIT Press, pp. 365 - 388

Grosz & Sidner

References

Coordinative Accounts

Clark (1996): Using language, CUP

Psycholinguistics of Dialogue

Garrod & Pickering (to appear): The Interactive Alignment Model: Towards a mechanistic psychology of discourse, Behavioural and Brain Sciences

References

1 Approaches to dialogue Peter KühnleinHannes Rieser.

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