1. Alternative versions of genes (alleles) account for variation in inherited characters 2. For each...

1. Alternative versions of genes (alleles) account for variation in inherited characters

2. For each character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent

3. If two alleles differ, one is dominant, the other recessive4. The two alleles for each character segregate (separate) during gamete production.

Genetics: Review

F1 Generation

Gametes

P Generation

F2 Generation Sperm

Gametes

Red White

RrPink

Eggs12

Variations in Mendel’s Laws

In incomplete dominance, F1 hybrids have an appearance in between the phenotypes of the two parents.

Homozygousfor ability to make

LDL receptors

Severe diseaseMild diseaseCell

Normal

LDLreceptor

Homozygousfor inability to make

LDL receptors

HeterozygousHH Hh hh

Hypercholesterolemia•Dangerously high levels of cholesterol in the blood.•Is a human trait that is incompletely dominant.•Heterozygotes have blood cholesterol levels about 2X normal.•Homozygotes have blood cholesterol levels about 5X normal.

BloodGroup

(Phenotype)Genotypes Red Blood Cells

or IAi

Carbohydrate A

Carbohydrate B

Variations in Mendel’s LawsMultiple Alleles

Variations in Mendel’s Laws– Pleiotropy is the impact of a single gene on more than one

character.

Pleiotropy Multiple traits(e.g., sickle-celldisease)

Singlegene

*Epistasis

Example:

In Drosophila, gene:eyeless

*Black (B) is dominant to brown (b)*Second gene responsible for allowing pigment to be deposited in hair

C = presence, c = absence (colorless)

Multiple genes

Polygenicinheritance Single trait

(e.g., skin color)

– Polygenic inheritance is the additive effects of two or more genes on a single phenotype.

F1 Generation

P Generation

F2 Generation Sperm

AABBCC(very dark)

aabbcc(very light)

AaBbCcAaBbCc

164 64

18181818181818

*Gene interactions

Sex Linkage

*Sex chromosomes*Autosomes

Example: In Drosophila and all mammals

sex chromosomes designated as X and Y

XX=female

XY=male

*1909 Thomas Hunt Morgan

II III IV

Any gene located on a sex chromosome is called a sex-linked gene.•Most sex-linked genes are found on the X chromosome.

Sex Linkage

*Phenotype depends on environment and genes

How do we account for genetic variation?

*Independent assortment *Crossing over *Random fertilization

Independent Assortment:

Cross over:

1. Alternative versions of genes (alleles) account for variation in inherited characters 2. For each...

Documents

Transcript of 1. Alternative versions of genes (alleles) account for variation in inherited characters 2. For each...

Genetics in Humans Marie Černá. Monogenic inheritance (Mendelian genetics) – 1% –single gene For each gene, an organism inherits two alleles, one from.

tubman.wikispaces.compac… · · 2012-03-17The scientific study of heredity is genetics. ... 14. A black cat and a ... Describe how alleles from different genes can be inherited

What is Evolution? In biology, evolution is the change in the inherited traits (a.k.a. genes/alleles, genotypes/phenotypes) of species (or populations.

NAME DATE Allele Pro˜le - University of Utah201 niversity of tah Allele Profile Alpha-1 2 NAME DAE Inheritance Everyone inherits two alleles of SERPINA1 and AA protein is normal -

The Genetics and Epigenetic Effects of Diet on Health · 2019. 3. 11. · Keywords: Epigenetics, Generation, Phenotype, Genotype, Alleles, Genetics, Traits, Inherited Traits, Learned

To show examples of diseases inherited through dominant and recessive alleles. To be able to correctly predict the outcome of various combinations.

Cystic Fibrosis Sharon George PD.3. Cystic Fibrosis is inherited when the child inherits two mutated CFTR genes, one from each parent. The presence of.

Genetics: Multiple Alleles

Review What is an allele? What is a gene? Define phenotype. Define genotype. Each person inherits two Each person inherits two alleles for each gene, one.

Genetic Crosses Section 9.2. Genotype The genetic makeup of an organism Consists of the alleles that the organism inherits from its parents Example:

C++ facts From . What all is inherited from parent class in C++? Following are the things which a derived class inherits from its.

1. Multiple alleles ( more than 2 alleles for gene in population)

Genetic Crosses & Punnett Squares. Important Terms Dominant Trait : the trait that shows when two different alleles for the trait are inherited ex- tongue.

Anticorpos anti-HLA no transplante cardíaco Encontro... · 2020-03-03 · POLIMORFISMO HLA Numbers of HLA Alleles HLA Class I Alleles 12,021 HLA Class II Alleles 4,230 HLA Alleles

GENETIC DISORDERS. Human Genetic Disorders 2 Genetic disorders are medical conditions caused by alleles inherited from parents Autosome - Any chromosome.

BIOLOGY Topic 3 Topic 3. Topic Outline Chromosomes, Genes, Alleles and Mutations Chromosomes, Genes, Alleles and Mutations Chromosomes, Genes, Alleles.

1 Lecture 3 Inheritance. 2 A class that is inherited is called superclass The class that inherits is called subclass A subclass is a specialized version.

1. Alternative versions of genes (alleles) account for variation in inherited characters

19.2 Multiple Alleles

Not all traits are simply inherited by dominant and recessive alleles (Mendelian Genetics). In some traits, neither allele is dominant or many alleles.