Around the World

1

1910 Lyon, France

1915 Germany

1923 Austria

U.S.A. (L.A.P.D.)

Set up by Edmond Locard

Around the World

2

1932 U.S.A. (F.B.I.)

1935 U.K. (Scotland Yard)

1925 Holland

Finland

Sweden

Now all part of the Health Sciences Authority

In Singapore

3

1960s

Pathology lab Chao Tze Cheng

1929 Chemical analysis service

Straits Settlements Police

Firearms Unit

Photography Unit

Toxicology

Latent Prints

Polygraph Voiceprint

Psychiatric profiling

Computer

& Electronic

Forensics

Forensic Entomology

Forensic Engineering Forensic Geology

Forensic Anthropology

Facial Reconstruction

Forensic Odontology

4

Documents Unit

DNA Lab

Physical Science Unit

Biology Unit

Forensic Science Laboratories

Physical Science Unit

5

Biology Unit

Chemical and physical analysis

Chemical tests, spectroscopy, microscopy,

drugs, material fragments, explosives

Biological samples

Hair, plants

DNA Lab

6

Firearms Unit

Essential

Guns, bullets, cartridge cases, firearm damage

DNA analysis services

Documents Unit

7

Photography Unit

Determine faked or forged documents

Analysis of handwriting, prints, paper, ink

Recording & presenting of evidence

Determine real & fake photographs

8

Photography Unit

9

Discontinuous

black line

Pixels are

mis-matched

Different angle

of shadows

1

2

3

Not genuine?

Photography Unit

10

“Surgeon’s” photograph

Loch Ness Monster?

Genuine photo

Model monster Loch Ness Monster?

Toxicology

11

Fingerprinting

Polygraph

Drugs and poisons in body fluids and organs

Visible and latent prints

Can we scientifically detect a lie?

Voiceprint analysis

12

Osama bin Laden

Audio recordings of his voice?

Proving that a

voice belongs to a

particular person

Voiceprint analysis

Howard

Hughes

13

Clifford Irving claimed to

possess Howard Hughes’

authorised biography

Denied by Hughes

Teleconference

Recordings compared

Irving convicted of fraud

Psychiatric Profiling

14

Computer Forensics

What can we tell about the criminal from the way they commit the crime?

Retrieving deleted data

Following of electronic trail

Forensic Engineering

15

Minneapolis I-35 bridge collapse

Design fault of bridge

Corrosive effect of pigeon droppings?

Minneapolis

I-35 bridge

Why?

16

Forensic Geology

Forensic Entomology

Using insects to provide information

Soil analysis

Mineral content

17

Forensic Anthropology

Analysis of skeletal remains

Skeletal remains

When people die in remote places

Only found after the body has decomposed

Joseph Schexnider

18

No other evidence

Abbeville, 2011

Human skeleton found

in an old chimney

Identified as Schexnider

Disappeared in 1984

19

Facial Reconstruction

Take skull and rebuild flesh

See how person looked like when they were alive

Karen Price

20

Facial Reconstruction

Reconstructed face shown on TV

Victim recognized immediately

Skeleton found

Alexander Fallon

21

Facial Reconstruction

Difficult to tell age

15 years before he was identified

Killed in 1987

22

Facial Reconstruction

Used modelling clay

Now done electronically

23

Forensic Odontology

Identification of victim remains

Identification of criminals

Using teeth to provide information

1

2

Ted Bundy

24

Forensic Odontology

Bite mark on victim

Comparison to his

teeth impressions

Convicted & executed

25

Acid Bath Haigh

J. G. Haigh

26

J. G. Haigh

“Acid Bath Haigh”

Killed 9 people

27

J. G. Haigh

“Acid Bath Haigh”

Killed 9 people

Olive Durand-Deacon

Led to his capture

Olive Durand-

Deacon

Lured Mrs. Durand-Deacon there with talk of investments

28

No conviction for a crime without a body?

Had a countryside shed

J. G. Haigh

Misunderstood the concept

29

J. G. Haigh

Must be the body of evidence to prove the occurrence of a crime

Haigh: “No murder charge without a real body”

Destroyed victims’ bodies

30

J. G. Haigh

Dissolved them in sulfuric acid

31

Evidence of murder

Gall-stones

False teeth Individualised

1

2

Dental records