Post on 04-Jan-2016
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1.6: Organization of the Human Body
Thoracic cavity
Abdominalcavity
Diaphragm
Pelvic cavity
Cranial cavity
Vertebral canal
(a)
Abdominopelviccavity
Abdominalcavity
Pelvic cavity
Right pleuralcavity Mediastinum
Left pleural cavityPericardialcavity
Diaphragm
Vertebral canal
Cranial cavity
Thoraciccavity
(b)
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Thoracic & Abdominal Serous Membranes
Thoracic Membranes• Visceral pleura• Parietal pleura• Visceral pericardium• Parietal pericardium
• Visceral layer – covers an organ• Parietal layer – lines a cavity or body wall
Abdominopelvic Membranes• Parietal peritoneum• Visceral peritoneum• Parietal perineum• Visceral perineum
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Serous MembranesCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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1.7: Lifespan Changes
Aging occurs from the microscopic level to the whole-body level.
Can you think of some examples?
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1.8: Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Position – standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out
Integumentary system
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Anatomical Terminology:Orientation and Directional Terms
• Terms of Relative Position (based on anatomical position):• Superior versus Inferior (Cranial vs. Caudal)• Anterior versus Posterior (Ventral vs. Dorsal)• Medial versus Lateral• Ipsi-lateral versus Contra-lateral• Proximal versus Distal• Superficial versus Deep• Internal versus External
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Body Sections or Planes
• Sagittal or Median – divides body into left and right portions• Mid-sagittal – divides body into equal left and right
portions
• Transverse or Horizontal – divides body into superior and inferior portions
• Coronal or Frontal – divides body into anterior and posterior portions
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Body Sections
A section along a frontalplane
A section along a transverseplane
A section along themedian plane
Transverse(horizontal)plane
Frontal(coronal)plane
Parasagittalplane
Median(midsagittal)plane
Body Sections
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(a) (b) (c)
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Other Body Sections
(a) (b) (c)
Cross-section
Oblique section
Longitudinal
section
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Abdominal Subdivisions
Righthypochondriacregion
Rightlumbarregion
Rightiliacregion
Epigastricregion
Umbilicalregion
Hypogastricregion
Lefthypochondriacregion
Leftlumbarregion
Leftiliacregion
Right upperquadrant (RUQ)
Left upperquadrant (LUQ)
Right lowerquadrant (RLQ)
Left lowerquadrant (LLQ)
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Body Regions
Otic (ear)
Cervical (neck)
Acromial(point of shoulder)
Mammary (breast)
Brachial(arm)
Antecubital(front of elbow)
Antebrachial(forearm)
Genital(reproductive organs)
Cephalic (head)
Orbital (eye cavity)
Mental (chin)
Sternal
Pectoral(chest)
Inguinal(groin)
Coxal(hip)
Umbilical(navel)
Pedal (foot)
Occipital(back of head)
Acromial(point of shoulder)
Brachial (arm)
Dorsum (back)
Cubital (elbow)
Gluteal (buttocks)
Perineal
Femoral (thigh)
Popliteal (back of knee)
Plantar (sole)(a) (b)
Patellar(front of knee)
Vertebral(spinal column)
Sacral (between hips)
Lumbar(lower back)Abdominal
(abdomen)
Carpal (wrist)
Palmar (palm)
Digital (finger)
Nasal (nose)
Oral (mouth)
Frontal (forehead)
Buccal (cheek)
Tarsal (instep)
Digital (toe)
Axillary (armpit)
Crural (leg)
Sural (calf)
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