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Drinking Water and
Sanitation
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Situations in Gujarat
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Fresh water availability
Uneven water availability in the State
Cum/Capita/annum
– India 2,000
– Gujarat 1,137
– South &
Central Gujarat 1,932
– North Gujarat 342
– Saurashtra 734
– Kutch 875
Except South Gujarat, paucity ofwater in rest of the State
Drinking water scarcity felt in almost
2/3rd part of the State
Problems of Drinking Water
• Long coastline (1600Kms.) & Gulf – Salinityingress
• Hills and Low recharge
• Excessive exploitation ofground water
• Recurrent Droughts
• Re-emergence of villagesas not covered or partiallycovered
Seasonal Scarcity
Salinity
Nitrate
Fluoride
As per Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission Survey 2003-04
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Salinity Affected Villages in Saurashtra-Kutch
Drought Prone Areas Supply Through Railways
Supply Through TankersQuality Problems – Fluorosis,Salinity, Nitrate
Problem
Areas
Sardar Sarovar Canal Based Drinking Water Supply Project
Drought proofing of Saurashtra, Kachchh, North Gujarat & Panchmahals
Instances of severe Pollution of Rivers, Lakes and Khadis
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N o . o f l o c a l b o d i e s
Present location of sewage disposal May 2011
on land Into surface water bodies Into ground water bodies Into other water bodies Irrigation & other uses Into oxidation pond
Infrastructure Creation
Sardar Sarovar Dam Intake Structure
Head Works Pumping Machinery
Infrastructure Creation
Filtration Plant Large Dia. PipesSump & ESR
Pipeline Village Storage Stand Post
Systemic innovations for communitization
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Water scarcity
Unprotectedsources
Sourcedevelopment Water security at
Village level
Water Security athabitation level
Water delivery athousehold
Cell Phone Operated Water Supply• Communication technology is
beneficially used for water supply system
by the villagers.
• Easy to switch on/off water supply
system from far away
• In Salatpur village, the community
operates pumps from 8 kms away
• No requirement to keep operator
• Timings of system operation can be
uploaded
• Easy to monitor the status of water
supply system
The value framework of Good Governance
• Financial mgmt byPRIs
• O&M by PRIs
• Stakeholders’
involvement
• Equity
• Proper projectmanagement
• Optimising costs
• Devising properprotocol for O&M
• Capacity buildingof PRIs
• Ensuringavailability of safedrinking water inadequate quantitythroughout theyear
SourceSustainability
SystemSustainability
FinancialSustainability
SocialSustainability
Elements of Sustainability in Drinking water
Supply Water safety Plan
National Goal
• Drinking Water
– 55% habitation with piped water by 2017
– 90% habitation with piped water by 2022
– 80% habitation with water delivery at household
level by 2022
• Sanitation (as per Swachh Bharat Mission guidelines)
– Swachh Bharat by 2nd October 2019
– Community managed sanitation systems focusing on
scientific Solid & Liquid Waste Management systems foroverall cleanliness in the rural areas.
Sanitation
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The term “sanitation” includes
• Basic sanitation – management of human
faeces at the household level• Food sanitation – hygienic measures for
ensuring food safety
• Environmental sanitation – solid and liquidwaste management, water and wastewatertreatment, industrial waste treatment andnoise and pollution control
• Ecological Sanitation – recycling the nutrientsfrom human and animal wastes
Pathogens fromopen defecation
Leaching
through
soils
Contaminate
groundwater
Seeping
into pits
and low
lying area
Runoff to
surface
water
Open Defecation is dangerous
The inverse relationship of
Sanitation and Health Expenditure
Q u a l i t y o f S a n i t a t i o n a n d H y g i e n e
Cost of maintaining Good Health
Open defecation is dangerous
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Open Defecation
is dangerous
Source: WesNet
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