Post on 18-Nov-2020
RURAL AGRICULTURAL LAND POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT AND AGRIBUSINESS
POLICY FOR ETHEKWINI
ETHEKWINI
AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED FOR:
RURAL ABM OFFICE
ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY
PREPARED BY:
INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES
CONTACT: MS BRIGID LETTY
PO BOX 100396
SCOTTSVILLE
3209
TEL: 033 3460 796
FAX: 033 3460 895
July 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AREA .......................................................................................1
1.1 ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY RELATIVE TO KWAZULU-NATAL ..........................................1
1.2 THE PROJECT IN CONTEXT .........................................................................................2
1.2.1 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURING ............................................................................2
1.2.2 STRATEGIC PLANNING.........................................................................................2
1.2.3 FURTHER RELATED PLANNING INITIATIVES ..........................................................3
1.3 CURRENT LAND USE ASSESSMENT ..............................................................................5
1.4 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS.............................................................................................5
1.5 TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENT AREAS .............................................................................5
1.6 MUNICIPAL WARDS....................................................................................................6
2 NATURAL RESOURCE CHARACTERISTICS..........................................................................11
2.1 CLIMATE DATA ........................................................................................................11
2.1.1 TEMPERATURE..................................................................................................11
2.1.2 RAINFALL .........................................................................................................11
2.2 SLOPE.....................................................................................................................11
2.3 BIORESOURCE UNITS...............................................................................................16
3 WATER RESOURCES .......................................................................................................53
4 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE ...........................................................................................53
4.1 ROADS AND RAILWAYS ............................................................................................53
4.2 ELECTRICITY...........................................................................................................54
5 EXISTING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES .............................................................................59
5.1 AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS........................................................................................59
5.1.1 KZN DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS ...................60
5.1.2 ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY ................................................................................61
5.1.3 KZN DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND POPULATION DEVELOPMENT ...........61
5.1.4 KZN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ...........................................................................61
5.1.5 HEIFER INTERNATIONAL – SOUTH AFRICA ..........................................................61
5.1.6 THE VALLEY TRUST ...........................................................................................62
5.1.7 GREATER DURBAN COMMUNITY FOUNDATION (GDCF) .........................................62
5.2 AGRICULTURE WITHIN THE TRADITIONAL AREAS ......................................................64
5.2.1 CANE AND WOODLOTS ......................................................................................64
5.2.2 AQUACULTURE..................................................................................................65
5.2.3 SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE WITHIN THE TRADITIONAL AREAS...........................65
5.3 AGRICULTURE OUTSIDE THE TRADITIONAL AREAS.....................................................68
5.3.1 CANE................................................................................................................68
5.3.2 TIMBER ............................................................................................................68
5.3.3 BROILERS.........................................................................................................68
5.3.4 LAYERS ............................................................................................................68
5.3.5 DAIRY ..............................................................................................................68
5.3.6 BEEF ................................................................................................................69
5.3.7 PIGS ................................................................................................................69
5.3.8 SHEEP/GOATS...................................................................................................69
5.3.9 AQUACULTURE..................................................................................................69
5.3.10 VEGETABLES.....................................................................................................69
5.3.11 FRUIT...............................................................................................................70
5.3.12 CUT FLOWERS ..................................................................................................70
6 IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETS.................................................................73
6.1 MILK.......................................................................................................................73
6.2 EGGS ......................................................................................................................73
6.3 BROILERS ...............................................................................................................73
6.4 LIVESTOCK..............................................................................................................74
6.4.1 FORMAL MARKETS.............................................................................................74
6.4.2 INFORMAL MARKETS .........................................................................................74
6.5 VEGETABLES ...........................................................................................................74
MUNICIPAL BULK FRESH PRODUCE MARKETS (MBFPMS)....................................................75
6.5.1 MUNICIPAL FARMERS’ MARKETS.........................................................................75
6.5.2 FARMERS’ MARKETS ..........................................................................................75
6.5.3 WHOLESALERS..................................................................................................75
6.5.4 RETAILERS .......................................................................................................75
6.5.5 DISTRIBUTION PLATFORMS ...............................................................................75
6.5.6 PROCESSING FACILITIES ...................................................................................76
6.5.7 VENDORS .........................................................................................................76
6.5.8 INFORMAL MARKETS .........................................................................................76
6.6 CANE ......................................................................................................................76
6.7 TIMBER...................................................................................................................76
6.8 CUT FLOWERS .........................................................................................................76
7 INPUT SUPPLIERS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS....................................................................77
7.1 TRAINING INSTITUTIONS.........................................................................................78
7.2 EXTENSION SUPPORT ..............................................................................................81
7.2.1 KZN DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS ...................81
7.3 FINANCIAL SUPPORT................................................................................................81
8 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE IN ETHEKWINI..........84
8.1 DUBE TRADE PORT ..................................................................................................84
9 AGRICULTURAL STAKEHOLDERS......................................................................................85
10 ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL ................................................................87
10.1 LAND POTENTIAL .................................................................................................87
10.2 ADDITIONAL FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED............................................................87
10.3 DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES .............................................................................88
10.3.1 EVALUATION OF A SITE .....................................................................................88
10.3.2 IDENTIFICATION OF A SUITABLE SITE ................................................................88
11 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................92
APPENDIX 1 LIST OF AGRICULTURAL-RELATED PROJECTS
APPENDIX 2 LIST OF CONTACTS
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES1
1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AREA
1.1 ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY RELATIVE TO KWAZULU-NATAL
eThekwini Municipality is located within KwaZulu-Natal, with Durban (known to the local Zulu
people as eThekwini) as the main hub. The area on which this document and associated activities
focuses on is that portion of the Municipality that lies outside of the urban edge (Fig 1).
Figure 1: Location map for eThekwini Municipality.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES2
1.2 THE PROJECT IN CONTEXT1
The “Agricultural Land Potential Assessment and Agri-business Policy for eThekwini” project should
be considered within the context of current institutional restructuring and planning initiatives.
1.2.1 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURING
Following the local government demarcation process concluded in 2000 and the Local Government
Elections held in the same year, the boundaries of eThekwini were substantially extended to the
north, west and south. The implication thereof was the inclusion of substantial rural areas, both
traditional settlement areas and commercial farming areas into the eThekwini Municipality
(Regional Councils previously managed developments in these areas).
The need for a dedicated team to manage development processes within the rural areas was
identified soon after the establishment of the eThekwini Unicity. The European Union (EU) co-
funded Area Based Management Programme provided the ideal opportunity for investigating
approaches to managing the rural areas. In line with the requirements of the programme, the
Area Based Management Unit was operationalised in 2003 and a 5-year business plan, in terms of
the EU requirements, was finalised.
1.2.2 STRATEGIC PLANNING
The eThekwini Municipality identified the need for the integrated planning and management of the
area soon after the local government elections. The departments responsible for planning and
housing initiated the process of developing a Rural Development Framework, the planning process
being managed by the newly established Rural Area Based Management Team (at that stage only
a manager was in place). The Rural Development Framework process considered the integrated
and strategic development of the rural areas, focussing on a number of sectors including spatial
development and planning, social services, infrastructure, economic development, agriculture and
the environment.
The status quo analysis for the eThekwini Rural Development Framework process (RDF 2003)
identified a number of key issues relating to the agricultural sector in the Unicity. The key issues
identified generally include (1) constraints to the development of agriculture in rural eThekwini and
(2) opportunities relating to the development of the sector. The constraints include:
1 Tindall Kruger (Iyer Rothaug Collaborative CC)
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES3
• The lack of a single champion for agricultural development
• The lack of a clear plan guiding agricultural development
• The scattered nature of high potential agricultural land
• The juxtaposition between “environmentally sensitive areas” and high potential agricultural
land.
The opportunities include:
• The availability of high potential agricultural land
• The potential future linkages with key infrastructure installations such as the Dube
Tradeport
• The various market opportunities existing in the Unicity.
The Economic and Poverty Alleviation Strategy Plan of the Rural Development Framework suggests
that “… in order to facilitate agricultural development … eThekwini Municipality needs to put basic
processes in place and undertake baseline planning in support of agricultural development within
its area of jurisdiction”.
The seven key actions identified include:
• Action 1: Establish and operationalise the necessary institutional structures to support
agricultural development.
• Action 2: Undertake baseline studies to inform an agricultural development strategy e.g.
(1) landuse potential assessment and (2) municipal agricultural development plan.
• Action 3: Define the role and function of the eThekwini Municipality in agricultural
development.
• Action 4: Develop policies and guidelines specific to eThekwini to guide the decision-
making process with regards the nature and extent of support to be provided by the
Municipality.
• Action 5: Develop criteria for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness and impact of
the support provided.
• Action 6: Design and implement appropriate procedures for the processing and
implementation of projects.
• Action 7: Identify and implement lead projects.
The “Rural Agricultural Land Potential Assessment and Agribusiness Policy for eThekwini” project
will start to inform each of the above actions as identified in the Rural Development Framework.
1.2.3 FURTHER RELATED PLANNING INITIATIVES
This agriculture potential assessment and policy development process is undertaken in parallel
with the development of a range of nodal and local area development plans. The priority areas for
undertaking this planning were identified in terms of the Spatial Development Framework. The
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES4
agricultural potential assessment will inform the more detailed level planning undertaken in the
rural areas and vice versa.
Figure 2: RDF Spatial Development Framework (Linda Massinga - Iyer Rothaug
Project team).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES5
1.3 CURRENT LAND USE ASSESSMENT
According to the current land use map of the eThekwini Municipal area produced by the CSIR
(Figure 3), current land use in the area outside the urban edge includes:
• Natural vegetation
- Forest
- Grasslands
- Thicket and bushland
• Residential areas
• Cultivated areas
- Commercial dryland
- Subsistence dryland
- Commercial cane
- Woodlots (not shown on this map).
1.4 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS
eThekwini Municipality can also be broken down according to existing settlement patterns (Figure
4). The following types of settlement can be identified:
• The urban core
• Urban periphery
• Peri-urban
• Rural.
This is a fairly simplistic interpretation of settlement patterns and the population density map
(Figure 5), generated from 1996 Census data, gives a clearer picture, with the more heavily
populated areas being urban or peri-urban by nature.
1.5 TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENT AREAS
Large portions of rural eThekwini fall within the Ingonyama Trust Land and are known as
traditional settlement areas. There is no private tenure within in these areas, and much resource
utilisation takes place on a communal basis. The traditional areas are shown in Figure 6. Each
traditional area is under the authority of a local inkosi.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES6
1.6 MUNICIPAL WARDS
The eThekwini Municipality is divided into a large number of Municipal Wards. The majority are
located within the urban core and urban periphery, but approximately 22 wards cover the area
outside the urban edge. These are not all rural by nature, as they include places such as Hillcrest.
Figure 7 shows the ward boundaries of rural eThekwini. An elected councillor represents each of
the wards.
Figure 3: Current Land use patterns within rural eThekwini (CSIR).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES7
Figure 4: Settlement patterns within eThekwini Municipality (Brian O’ Leary).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES8
Figure 5: Population density within eThekwini Municipality (Corporate Policy Unit,
eThekwini Municipality).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES9
Figure 6: Traditional areas within eThekwini Municipality (Corporate GIS,
eThekwini Municipality).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES10
Figure 7: Ward boundaries within rural eThekwini (Corporate GIS, eThekwini
Municipality).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES11
2 NATURAL RESOURCE CHARACTERISTICS
2.1 CLIMATE DATA
Temperature and rainfall are two of the most important factors determining the potential for
agricultural production.
2.1.1 TEMPERATURE
Mean annual temperatures for eThekwini Municipality are presented spatially in Figure 8. A range
from 16 – 20oC is reflected, with temperatures being highest along the coast and dropping as one
moves westward. This decrease in temperature is largely related to elevation, such that as
elevation increases, temperature decreases. The cool temperature shown to the east of
Hammarsdale coincides with the Key-Ridge area. Most of the Municipal area is frost-free, although
a number of areas do experience occasional frosts. These would be areas located in the vicinity of
Cato Ridge.
2.1.2 RAINFALL
Mean annual rainfall figures for eThekwini range from <550mm to >1200mm per annum (Fig. 9).
Annual rainfall drops as one moves westward, with drier areas being located inland.
2.2 SLOPE
Slope is another factor that affects agricultural potential significantly. Figure 10, a digital elevation
model for eThekwini, shows height above sea level (altitude), and gives a clear picture of where
steep slopes are likely to be encountered.
Figure 11 is a slope map that has been generated from the digital elevation data. Slopes have
been divided into three categories (<12%, 12-40%, >40%) that have implications for agricultural
production. The Department of Agriculture recommends that annual cultivation only take place on
land where the slope is less than 12% (a 12% slope means that there is a 12m rise in altitude
over a distance of 100m), while areas with slopes of 12 to 40% should only be used for timber and
stoloniferous pastures. It is recommended that areas with slopes greater than 40% not be
cultivated at all.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES12
Figure 8: Mean annual temperatures (o C) for rural eThekwini.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES13
Figure 9: Mean annual rainfall (mm) for rural eThekwini.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES14
Figure 10: Digital elevation model of rural eThekwini (Geographic Information
Management Systems - GIMS).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES15
Figure 11: Slopes encountered within rural eThekwini (Generated from GIMS data).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES16
2.3 BIORESOURCE UNITS
The Natural Resources Section of the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Environmental
Affairs has developed a classification system for KZN.
The Province has been divided into a number of Bioresource units (BRUs) that are defined as
ecological units within which, factors such as soil type, climate, altitude, terrain form and
vegetation display sufficient homogeneity that appropriate land use practices and production
techniques can be defined for the whole unit. Each of the BRUs has a name, and has been given
a code. Another classification system to be considered is the Bioresource groups (BRGs), which
are defined as specific vegetation types characterised by an interplay of climate, altitude and soil
factors, and consist of one or more BRUs.
The Bioresource programme also refers to ecotopes, which are soil classifications based on
drainage, clay content, depth, slope and rockiness. Certain ecotopes are classified as arable on
the basis of certain soil characteristics that include drainage, depth and rockiness. The actual
location of the expected ecotopes must be identified in the field.
Other information pertaining to the output from the Bioresource Programme that might require
clarification is:
• Potential soil erosion hazard rating, which is measured on a scale of <2 to >6, with <2
being extremely high risk and >6 being limited risk. Thus the higher the score, the lower
the soil erosion hazard. It is an average value for the whole BRU and large variations are
therefore likely to occur.
• Carrying capacity, which is a measure of the area of land (measured in hectares) required
to support one animal unit (defined as a 450 kg steer).
eThekwini is made up of 26 Bioresource units, which are presented below in Figure 12, and
summarised in Table 1. Information pertaining to each of the BRUs has been summarised below.
More complete information, as well as models that predict yields for a variety of crops, pastures
and trees species, can be obtained from the Regional or District Offices of KZNDAEA, or directly
from the Natural Resources Section, based at Cedara Research Station (033 3559 100).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES17
Table 1: Summary of Bioresource Units falling within the eThekwini Municipality
Code Name of BRU Code Name of BRU Code Name of BRU
Sb5 Tala Valley VWa4 Mambundweni Ya11 Matabetule
STb3 Ashburton VWb4 Spring Valley Ya12 South Coast
Ta5 Nagle Dam VWb5 Valley of a Thousand Hills Ya13 Durban
Tb11 Doornrug Wa5 KwaNdaya Ya14 North Coast
TUa4 Ntshongweni Wa6 EMakuluzeni Yb11 Mbumbula
TUb11 Killarney Isles Wa7 Shembe Yb13 Ozwatini
Ua10 Inanda Dam Wa8 Marianhill Yb14 Inanda
Ub17 Sithumba Wb15 KwaNongidi Yb15 Gillitts
Vb15 Cato Ridge Wb16 Drummond
Some data pertaining to the BRUs located within eThekwini is summarised below. They give an
indication of the type of information that can be extracted from the BRU printouts and used in
agricultural planning.
From Tables 2 and 3 it is clear that there is much variation across eThekwini in terms of arability
and erosion hazard potential. This is due to the associated variation in slope, soil types and
rainfall.
A project planned for a specific location within eThekwini would require a thorough investigation of
the climate, soil and vegetation occurring there. The information from the Bioresource Programme
can be used as a first approximation of the conditions that are likely to be encountered.
Table 2: Percentage of Bioresource unit made up of arable soils
Code % Arable soils Code % Arable soils Code % Arable soils
Sb5 15.8 VWa4 45.9 Ya11 No ecotope data
STb3 35.0 VWb4 2.6 Ya12 10.6
Ta5 Questionable data VWb5 22.5 Ya13 12.9
Tb11 12.7 Wa5 5.2 Ya14 19.7
TUa4 0 Wa6 39.8 Yb11 48.5
TUb11 18.3 Wa7 17.0 Yb13 43.7
Ua10 22.1 Wa8 15.2 Yb14 77.0
Ub17 12.8 Wb15 33.6 Yb15 62.2
Vb15 30.0 Wb16 31.1
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES18
Table 3: Soil erosion hazard rating for each of the Bioresource units (where <2
indicates extremely high risk and >6 indicates limited risk
Code Soil erosion
hazard rating
Code Soil erosion
hazard rating
Code Soil erosion
hazard rating
Sb5 3.7 VWa4 4.3 Ya11 2.8
STb3 4.7 VWb4 2.8 Ya12 3.9
Ta5 5.0 VWb5 4.5 Ya13 3.7
Tb11 4.2 Wa5 3.6 Ya14 3.9
TUa4 2.9 Wa6 4.1 Yb11 4.9
TUb11 4.2 Wa7 3.7 Yb13 4.4
Ua10 4.4 Wa8 3.6 Yb14 5.2
Ub17 4.2 Wb15 3.9 Yb15 5.4
Vb15 3.9 Wb16 4.4
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES19
Figure 12: The Bioresource units that make up rural eThekwini (KZNDAEA).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES20
Information obtained from the Bioresource Programme has been summarised below for each of
the BRUs encountered within eThekwini. The Bioresource units are listed in alphabetical order.
Sb5 TALA VALLEY
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Rolling
Altitude range: 425 - 914 m
Slope: Moderate/gentle
Extent of cultivation: Moderate
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 3.7 (Very High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Coast Hinterland Thornveld
Vegetation pattern: Bushland, Bushland thicket.
ARABILITY
54.31% of the total area consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes<12%.
14.19% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and suitable for
annual cropping.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
15.8% of the BRU is arable. 30.8% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up
40.2% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 62.0% of the BRU. Soils of moderate to poor drainage
occupy 63.3%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
646 90 74 79 35 15 5 7 17 33 57 77 80
Mean temp
(oC)
18.3 21.9 22.0 21.2 19.0 16.4 13.8 13.8 15.3 17.2 18.4 19.5 21.3
Climate capability rating: C6 (climatic limitations to production are severe)
Frost hazard rating: Occasional
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES21
The land has a moderate potential. There are moderately regular and/or severe to moderate
limitations due to soil, slope, temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be
implemented.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 3.0 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Cabbage, Carrot, Coastcross 2, Cowpeas, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (irrigated), Potatoes, Smuts
Finger Grass, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated),
Sunflower, Tomatoes.
STb3 ASHBURTON
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Broken
Altitude range: 400 - 819 m
Slope: Steep
Extent of cultivation: Limited
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 4.7 (High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Valley bushveld
Vegetation pattern: Bushland, Bushland thicket.
ARABILITY
38.38% of the total area consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes<12%.
27.27% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and suitable for
annual cropping.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
35.0% of the BRU is arable. 54.3% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils make up
2.3% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 45.2% of the BRU. Duplex soils are 5.4% of the BRU.
Soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy 50.2%.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES22
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
691 100 92 89 41 25 14 13 25 38 73 88 93
Mean temp
(oC)
18.8 22.4 22.5 21.7 19.4 16.8 14.2 14.2 15.8 17.6 18.8 20.0 21.7
Climate capability rating: C6 (climatic limitations to production are severe)
Frost hazard rating: Rare.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Semi-intensive farming systems.
The land has restricted potential. There are regular and/or moderate to severe limitations due to
soil, slope, temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be implemented.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 5.4 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Cabbage, Carrot, Coastcross 2, Cowpeas, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or irrigated),
Potatoes, Smuts Finger Grass, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (irrigated), Sugar cane
(irrigated), Sunflower, Tomatoes.
Ta5 NAGLE DAM
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Valley/broken
Altitude range: 198 - 660 m
Slope: Steep
Extent of cultivation: Moderate
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 5.0 (High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Valley Bushveld
Vegetation pattern: Bushland, Bushland thicket.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES23
ARABILITY
50.58% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and suitable for
annual cropping.
21.77% of the total area consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes<12%.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
53.1% of the BRU is arable. 65.3% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils makes up
3.0% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 28.8% of the BRU, duplex soils occupy 7.8% and soils of
moderate to poor drainage occupy 29.2% of the BRU.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
694 108 94 91 52 23 11 13 25 41 70 87 79
Mean temp
(oC)
19.7 23.3 23.4 22.7 20.3 17.7 15.1 15.0 16.6 18.5 19.7 20.9 22.7
Climate capability rating: C6 (climatic limitations to production are severe)
Frost hazard rating: None
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Semi-intensive farming systems.
The land has very restricted potential. There are regular and/or severe limitations due to soil,
slope, temperature or rainfall. It is non-arable.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 5.4 ha/AU.
Tb11 DOORNRUG
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Broken
Altitude range: 640 - 762 m
Slope: Steep
Extent of cultivation: Limited
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 4.2 (High Risk).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES24
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Coast Hinterland Thornveld
Vegetation pattern: Bushland, Bushland thicket.
ARABILITY
32.99% of the total area consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes<12%.
27.24% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes of 12-40%, non-rocky and
suitable for perennial pastures, cane and timber only.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
12.7% of the BRU is arable. 19.6% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils make up
3.7% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 59.3% of the BRU. Duplex soils are 1.7% of the area.
Soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy 66.2%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
691 100 92 89 41 25 14 13 25 38 73 88 93
Mean temp
(oC)
18.3 21.8 21.9 21.2 19.0 16.6 14.1 14.0 15.5 17.2 18.3 19.4 21.1
Climate capability rating: C6 (climatic limitations to production are severe)
Frost hazard rating: Rare.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
The land has very restricted potential. There are regular and/or severe limitations due to soil,
slope, temperature or rainfall. It is non-arable.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 3.0 ha/AU.
TUa4 Ntshongweni
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Valley
Altitude range: 315 - 661 m
Slope: Steep
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES25
Extent of cultivation: Limited
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 2.9 (Very High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Valley Bushveld
Vegetation pattern: Bushland thicket.
ARABILITY
27.98% of the total area consists of ecotopes with slopes>40%, non-rocky, but not recommended
for cultivation.
27.34% of the total area consists of ecotopes with slopes >40%, rocky and not recommended for
cultivation.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
Sandy soils make up 83.7% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 67.1% of the BRU. Soils of
moderate to poor drainage occupy 74.8%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
731 103 90 94 48 33 14 17 28 49 80 89 86
Mean temp
(oC)
19.2 22.7 22.8 22.1 19.9 17.4 15.0 14.9 16.2 18.0 19.1 20.3 22.0
Climate capability rating: C5 (climatic limitations to production are moderate to severe)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
The land has very low potential. There are very severe limitations due to soil, slope, temperature
or rainfall. It is non-arable.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 5.4 ha/AU.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES26
TUb11 KILLARNEY ISLES
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Rolling/broken
Altitude range: 551- 724 m
Slope: Steep
Extent of cultivation: Moderate
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 4.2 (High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Coastal Hinterland Thornveld
Vegetation pattern: Bushland thicket, Bushed Grassland.
ARABILITY
36.03% of the total are consists of ecotopes with slopes of 12-40%, non-rocky, but suitable only
for perennial pastures, sugar cane and timber.
Only 12.42% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, suitable for annual
cropping.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
18.3% of the BRU is arable. 65.3% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils make up
12.0% of the BRU. Shallow soils occupy 69.4%, while soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy
54.1% of the BRU.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
713 96 89 104 43 26 15 16 24 37 74 90 99
Mean temp
(oC)
18.4 22.0 22.2 21.3 19.0 16.4 13.9 13.8 15.4 17.3 18.5 19.7 21.4
Climate capability rating: C5 (climatic limitations to production are moderate to severe)
Frost hazard rating: Occasional.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
The land has restricted potential. There are regular and/or moderate to severe limitations due to
soil, slope, temperature or rainfall.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES27
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 3.0 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Coastcross 2, Cowpeas, Dry beans, Groundnuts (dryland or
irrigated), Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or irrigated), Potatoes, Smuts Finger Grass, Sorghum
(dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Sunflower,
Tomatoes.
Ua10 INANDA DAM
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Broken
Altitude range: 123 - 611 m
Slope: Steep
Extent of cultivation: Moderate
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 4.4 (High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Valley Bushveld
Vegetation pattern: Bushland, Bushland thicket.
ARABILITY
Only 9.78% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slope<12%, non rocky and suitable
for annual cropping.
27.14% of the total area consists of ecotopes with slopes>40%, non-rocky, but not recommended
for cultivation.
23.26% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
22.1% of the BRU is arable, 32.5% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils make up 4.2
of the area. Shallow soils occupy 51.2% of the BRU, while soils of poor to moderate drainage
occupy 46.7%.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES28
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
731 114 99 81 49 31 13 14 31 58 72 88 81
Mean temp
(oC)
20.1 23.5 23.7 23.0 20.8 18.4 15.9 15.8 17.1 18.8 19.9 21.1 22.8
Climate capability rating: C5 (climatic limitations to production are moderate to severe)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
The land has a low potential. There are severe limitations due to soil, slope, temperature or
rainfall. It is non arable.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 5.4 ha/AU.
Ub17 SITHUMBA
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Broken
Altitude range: 300 - 800 m
Slope: Steep
Extent of cultivation: Limited
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 4.2 (High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Coast Hinterland Thornveld
Vegetation pattern: Bushed grassland, Bushland/Bushland thicket.
ARABILITY
Only 0.81% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and
suitable for annual cropping.
30.19% of the total area consists of ecotopes with slopes >40%, non-rocky, but not
recommended for cultivation.
29.64% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES29
SUMMARY OF SOILS
12.8% of the total area is arable. 4.8% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils make up
2.8% of the area, shallow soils occupy 59.1%, while soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy
54.8%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
737 103 97 87 48 32 13 14 28 47 75 98 95
Mean temp
(oC)
19.1 22.4 22.6 21.9 19.8 17.6 15.2 15.1 16.3 17.9 18.9 20.0. 21.7
Climate capability rating: C5 (climatic limitations to production are moderate to severe)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
The land has a low potential. There are severe limitations due to soil, slope, temperature or
rainfall. It is non-arable.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 3.0 ha/AU.
Vb15 CATO RIDGE
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Mainly rolling, partly broken
Altitude range: 380 - 960 m
Slope: Generally steep (>12%), some moderate (5-12%)
Extent of cultivation: Widespread
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 3.9 (Very High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Dry Coast Hinterland Ngongoni Veld
Vegetation pattern: Grassland, Bushed grassland.
ARABILITY
37.49% of the BRU consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes less than or equal to 12%.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES30
26.10% of the BRU consists of ecotopes that have slopes of 12-40%, are non-rocky and suitable
for perennial pastures, sugar cane and timber only.
19.84% of the BRU is made up of arable ecotopes that have slopes less than or equal to 12%, are
non-rocky and suitable for annual cropping.
9.93% of the BRU is considered high potential.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
30% of the BRU is arable. 33.1% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils make up 26.5%
of the BRU, shallow soils 49.6% and moderate to poor drainage soils, 62.8%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
767 115 102 94 53 35 14 14 26 41 71 97 105
Mean temp
(oC)
18.0 21.5 21.6 20.9 18.7 16.2 13.7 13.7 15.1 16.9 18.0 19.1 20.9
Climate capability rating: C4 (climatic limitations to production are moderate)
Frost hazard rating: Occasional
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Semi-intensive farming systems.
The land has a good potential. There are infrequent and/or minor limitations due to soil, slope,
temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be implemented.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 2.8 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Coastcross 2, Cowpeas, Dry beans, Groundnuts (dryland or
irrigated), Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or irrigated), Oats (dryland or irrigated), Potatoes,
Ryegrass (annual), Smuts Finger Grass, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or
irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated), Sunflower, Tomatoes.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES31
VWa4 MAMBUNWINI
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Broken
Altitude range: 142 - 699 m
Slope: Steep
Extent of cultivation: Moderate
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 4.3 (High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Dry Coastal Forest, Thorn and Palm Veld
Vegetation pattern: Bushland, Bushland Thicket, Bushed Grassland.
ARABILITY
Only 8.45% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and
suitable for annual cropping.
52.28% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
45.9% of the BRU is arable. 10.6% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up
5.6% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 43.8% of the BRU. Duplex soils make up 1.0% of the
BRU, while soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy 47.2%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
813 126 110 91 55 34 14 15 35 65 80 98 90
Mean temp
(oC)
19.9 23.2 23.4 22.7 20.6 18.3 15.9 15.8 17.0 18.6 19.7 20.8 22.6
Climate capability rating: C3 (climatic limitations to production are slight to moderate)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Semi-intensive farming systems.
The land has a very restricted potential. There are regular and/or severe limitations due to soil,
slope, temperature or rainfall. It is non arable.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES32
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 3.3 ha/AU.
VWb4 SPRING VALLEY
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Rolling/broken
Altitude range: 331 – 787 m
Slope: Moderate/steep
Extent of cultivation: Widespread
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 2.8 (Very High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Dry Coast Hinterland Ngongoni Veld
Vegetation pattern: Grassland.
ARABILITY
Only 1.12% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and
suitable for annual cropping.
41.27% of the BRU consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes <12.
34.49% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
2.6% of the BRU is arable. 9.4% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up 83.2%
of the area. Shallow soils occupy 42.4% of the BRU while soils of moderate to poor drainage
occupy 82.8%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
788 99 98 99 50 40 30 24 24 37 73 103 111
Mean temp
(oC)
18.4 21.8 21.9 21.2 19.1 16.8 14.4 14.3 15.5 17.2 18.2 19.4 21.1
Climate capability rating: C4 (climatic limitations to production are moderate)
Frost hazard rating: None.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES33
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
The land has a good potential. There are infrequent and/or moderate limitations due to soil,
slope, temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be implemented.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 2.8 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Coastcross 2, Cowpeas, Dry beans, Groundnuts (dryland and
irrigated), Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or irrigated), Potatoes, Smuts Finger Grass, Sorghum
(dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Star grass (irrigated), Sugar cane
(irrigated), Sunflower, Tomatoes.
VWb5 VALLEY OF A THOUSAND HILLS
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Broken
Altitude range: 260 - 930 m
Slope: Steep
Extent of cultivation: Limited
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 4.5 (High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Dry Coast Hinterland Ngongoni Veld
Vegetation pattern: Bushland, Bush clumped grassland, Bushland thicket/forest.
ARABILITY
Only 4.45% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and
suitable for annual cropping.
29.61% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
35.96% consists of ecotopes with slopes >40%, non-rocky but not recommended for cultivation.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES34
SUMMARY OF SOILS
22.5% of the BRU is arable.9.6% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils make up 3.4%
of the area. Shallow soils occupy 50% of the BRU, while soils of moderate to poor drainage
occupy 48.1%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
836 141 125 91 56 32 10 12 30 55 82 100 102
Mean temp
(oC)
18.9 22.2 22.4 21.7 19.6 17.3 14.9 14.8 16.2 17.8 18.8 19.9 21.6
Climate capability rating: C2 (climatic limitations to production are slight)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
The land has a moderate potential. There are moderately regular and/or severe to moderate
limitations due to soil, slope, temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be
implemented.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 2.8 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Cowpeas, Dry beans, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or
irrigated), Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Star grass
(irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Tomatoes.
Wa5 KWA NDAYA
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Broken
Altitude range: 32 – 630 m
Slope: Moderate
Extent of cultivation: Moderate
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES35
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 3.6 (Very High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coastal Forest, Thorn and Palm Veld
Vegetation pattern: Bushed Grassland, Bushland/Forest.
ARABILITY
Only 3.67% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and
suitable for annual cropping.
21.70% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
27.03% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, rocky and only suitable for certain timber
species and stoloniferous pastures.
21.50% consists of ecotopes with slopes >40%, rocky and not recommended for cultivation.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
5.2% of the BRU is arable. None of the BRU is considered high potential. Sandy soil makes up
38.3% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 83.0% of the BRU while soils of moderate to poor
drainage occupy 73.9%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
836 120 99 89 52 45 30 27 34 52 86 101 101
Mean temp
(oC)
19.7 22.9 23.2 22.5 20.5 18.3 16.1 15.9 16.8 18.3 19.3 20.5 22.2
Climate capability rating: C2 (climatic limitations to production are slight)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
The land has a good potential. There are infrequent and/or moderate limitations due to soil,
slope, temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be implemented.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 3.0 ha/AU.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES36
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Cowpeas, Dry beans, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or
irrigated), Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Star grass
(dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Sunflower, Tomatoes.
Wa6 EMAKULUZENI
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Broken
Altitude range: 126 – 548 m
Slope: Steep
Extent of cultivation: Limited
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 4.1 (High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coastal Forest, Thorn and Palm Veld
Vegetation pattern: Bushed Grassland, Bush Clumped Grassland/Bushland.
ARABILITY
Only 5.86% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and
suitable for annual cropping.
19.18% of the BRU consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes <12.
47.76% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
39.8% of the BRU is arable. 12.4% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up
14.1% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 35.6% of the BRU, duplex soils cover 2.5% of the BRU
while soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy 48.7%.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES37
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
826 117 108 104 48 37 16 14 29 54 86 106 107
Mean temp
(oC)
19.5 22.9 23.0 22.3 20.2 17.9 15.5 15.4 16.6 18.2 19.2 20.5 22.2
Climate capability rating: C2 (climatic limitations to production are slight)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Semi-intensive farming systems.
The land has restricted potential. There are regular and/or moderate limitations due to soil, slope,
temperature or rainfall.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 3.0 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Cowpeas, Dry beans, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or
irrigated), Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Star grass
(dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Sunflower, Tomatoes.
Wa7 SHEMBE
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Broken
Altitude range: 113 – 368 m
Slope: Moderate/steep
Extent of cultivation: Limited
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 3.7 (Very High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coastal Forest, Thorn and Palm Veld
Vegetation pattern: Bushland, Bushland Thicket.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES38
ARABILITY
Only 7.21% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and
suitable for annual cropping.
30.74% consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes <12%.
40.47% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
17.0% of the BRU is arable. 32.7% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up
12.1% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 54.7% of the BRU, 4.2% of the area has duplex soils,
while soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy 78.7%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
841 131 114 94 56 35 15 16 36 67 83 101 93
Mean temp
(oC)
20.0 23.3 23.5 22.8 20.8 18.7 16.4 16.2 17.1 18.6 19.6 20.8 22.6
Climate capability rating: C1 (climatic limitations to production are none to slight)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
The land has a moderate potential. There are moderately regular and/or severe to moderate
limitations due to soil, slope, temperature or rainfall.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 3.0 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Dry beans, Maize (dryland or irrigated), Potatoes, Soyabeans
(dryland or irrigated), Star grass (dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Tomatoes.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES39
Wa8 MARIANHILL
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Mainly broken
Altitude range: 126 - 693 m
Slope: Generally steep (>12%)
Extent of cultivation: Widespread
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 3.6 (Very High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coastal Forest, Thorn and Palm Veld
Vegetation pattern: Bushed grassland.
ARABILITY
25.66% of the total area has slopes of 12-40%, is non-rocky and suitable for perennial pastures,
sugar cane and timber only.
21.90% of the total area is non-arable with slopes less than or equal to 12%.
21.15% of total area has slopes >40% and while non-rocky is not recommended for any form of
cultivation.
Only 6.71% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes that have slopes less than or equal to
12%, are non-rocky and suitable for annual cropping.
Only 1.32% is considered high potential.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
15.2% of the BRU is arable, while 8.7% of this is considered high potential. Sandy soils make up
42.1%of the BRU, shallow soils 54.3% and soils of moderate to poor drainage 69.3%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
842 131 114 94 57 35 15 16 36 67 83 101 93
Mean temp
(oC)
19.8 23.2 23.4 22.7 20.5 18.2 15.8 15.6 16.8 18.5 19.6 20.8 22.5
Climate capability rating: C2 (climatic limitations to production are slight)
Frost hazard rating: None
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES40
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
The land has a moderate potential but there are moderately regular and/or sever to moderate
limitations due to soil, slope, temperature or rainfall.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 3.0 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Cowpeas, Dry beans, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or
irrigated), Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Star grasss
(dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Tomatoes.
Wb15 KWA NONGIDI
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Broken
Altitude range: 346 - 627 m
Slope: Steep
Extent of cultivation: Widespread
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 3.9 (Very High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coast Hinterland Ngongoni Veld
Vegetation pattern: Grassland, Bushed Grassland.
ARABILITY
Only 1.56% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and
suitable for annual cropping.
64.84% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES41
SUMMARY OF SOILS
33.6% of the BRU is arable. 2.1% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up
34.0% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 45.8% of the BRU while soils of moderate to poor
drainage occupy 60.3%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
834 120 105 111 51 35 24 21 29 53 82 104 99
Mean temp
(oC)
18.9 22.3 22.4 21.8 19.7 17.4 15.0 14.9 16.0 17.6 18.7 19.9 21.6
Climate capability rating: C2 (climatic limitations to production are slight)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Semi-intensive farming systems.
The land has a moderate potential. There are moderately regular and/or severe to moderate
limitations due to soil, slope, temperature or rainfall.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 2.5 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Cowpeas, Dry beans, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or
irrigated), Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Star grass
(dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Tomatoes.
Wb16 DRUMMOND
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Rolling/broken
Altitude range: 428 – 834 m
Slope: Steep
Extent of cultivation: Widespread
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 4.4 (High Risk).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES42
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coast Hinterland Ngongoni Veld
Vegetation pattern: Bushed Grassland.
ARABILITY
Only 26.21% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and
suitable for annual cropping.
32.71% of the BRU consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes <12.
19.78% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
31.1% of the BRU is arable. 48.2% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up
37.9% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 36.7% of the BRU while soils of moderate to poor
drainage occupy 50.7%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
823 104 102 11 54 39 22 21 30 57 81 102 101
Mean temp
(oC)
18.6 21.8 22.0 21.3 19.3 17.2 14.9 14.7 15.8 17.3 18.3 19.4 21.1
Climate capability rating: C2 (climatic limitations to production are slight)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Semi intensive farming systems.
The land has a good potential. There are infrequent and/or moderate limitations due to soil,
slope, temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be implemented.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 2.5 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES43
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Cowpeas, Dry beans, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or
irrigated), Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane
(irrigated), Sunflower, Tomatoes.
Ya11 MATABETULE
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Rolling
Altitude range: 331 – 787 m
Slope: Moderate/steep
Extent of cultivation: Widespread
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 2.8 (Very High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coastal Forest, Thorn and Palm Veld
Vegetation pattern: Bush Clump Grassland.
NO ECOTOPE DATA IS AVAILABLE
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
900 140 122 100 60 38 16 17 38 72 89 108 100
Mean temp
(oC)
20.4 23.8 24.0 23.3 21.2 18.9 16.4 16.3 17.5 19.1 20.2 21.4 23.1
Climate capability rating: C1 (climatic limitations to production are none to slight)
Frost hazard rating: None.
Ya12 SOUTH COAST
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Mainly rolling
Altitude range: 10 - 535 m
Slope: Generally steep (>12%)
Extent of cultivation: Widespread
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 3.9 (Very High Risk).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES44
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coastal Forest, Thorn and Palm Veld
Vegetation pattern: Bushed grassland, Bushland thicket.
ARABILITY
34.17% of the BRU is made up of non-arable ecotopes with slopes less than or equal to 12%.
30.86% of the BRU consists of ecotopes that have slopes of 12-40%, are non-rocky and only
suitable for perennial pastures, sugar cane and timber.
18.44% of the BRU consists of ecotopes with 12-40% slopes, are rocky, and are only suitable for
certain timber species and stoloniferous pastures.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
10.6% of the BRU is arable, while 16.4% of this is high potential. Sandy soils make up 24.1% of
the BRU, shallow soils 58.0%, and soils of moderate to poor drainage, 67.6%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
996 113 134 101 57 66 18 33 57 60 121 120 116
Mean temp
(oC)
19.7 22.9 23.1 22.5 20.6 18.5 16.5 16.1 16.8 18.2 19.2 20.4 22.1
Climate capability rating: C2 (climatic limitations to production are slight)
Frost hazard rating: None
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
The land has a high potential. There are infrequent and/or minor limitations due to soil, slope,
temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be implemented.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 3.0 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES45
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Cotton (dryland or irrigated), Dry beans, Eucalyptus (Gum),
Pinus elliotti, Pinus taeda, Potatoes, Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Star grass (dryland or
irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated), Tomatoes.
Ya13 DURBAN
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Rolling
Altitude range: 0 - 630 m
Slope: Steep/moderate
Extent of cultivation: Widespread
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 3.7 (Very High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coastal Forest, Thorn and Palm Veld
Vegetation pattern: Bushed grassland/Forest.
ARABILITY
Only 6.48% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and
suitable for annual cropping.
41.27% of the BRU consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes <12.
43.25% consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes <12%.
34.49% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
12.9% of the BRU is arable. 17.0% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up
42.4% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 37.0% of the BRU while soils of moderate to poor
drainage occupy 54.5%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
939 114 113 116 71 52 29 26 40 66 99 107 106
Mean temp
(oC)
20.2 23.5 23.7 23.0 21.0 18.8 16.6 16.3 17.2 18.7 19.8 21.0 22.8
Climate capability rating: C1 (climatic limitations to production are none to slight)
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES46
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
The land has a high potential. There are infrequent and/or minor limitations due to soil, slope,
temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be implemented.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 3.0 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Dry beans, Eucalyptus, Pinus elliotti, Potatoes, Soyabeans
(dryland or irrigated), Star grass (dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated),
Tomatoes.
Ya14 NORTH COAST
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Rolling/broken
Altitude range: 3 – 661 m
Slope: Steep/moderate
Extent of cultivation: Widespread
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 3.9 (Very High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coastal Forest, Thorn and Palm Veld
Vegetation pattern: Bushed grassland, Bushland thicket.
ARABILITY
50.53% of the total area is classified as being non-arable with a slope less than or equal to 12%.
26.65% of the total area has slopes of 12-40%, is non-rocky and is suitable for certain timber
species and stoloniferous pastures.
Only 9.57% of the total area is classified as arable ecotopes with a slope less than or equal to
12%, suitable for annual cropping.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES47
Only 5.94% of the total area is classified as high potential.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
19.7% of the area is arable, with 30.1% of this being high potential. Sandy soils make up 20.2%
of the area. Shallow soils occupy 45.6% of the BRU. Soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy
66.9%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
973 126 127 114 70 55 33 26 42 68 91 111 110
Mean temp
(oC)
20.5 23.8 24 23.2 21.2 19 16.7 16.5 17.5 19.1 20.1 21.4 23.1
Climate capability rating: C1 (climatic limitations to production are none to slight)
Frost hazard rating: None
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Extensive farming systems.
The land has a high potential but there are minor limitations due to soil, temperature or rainfall.
Appropriate contour protection must be implemented.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 3.0 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Cotton (dryland or irrigated), Dry beans, Eucalyptus (Gum),
Pinus elliotti, Pinus taeda, Potatoes, Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Star grass (dryland or
irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated), Tomatoes.
Yb11 MBUMBULA
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Rolling/broken
Altitude range: 394 – 779 m
Slope: Moderate/steep
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES48
Extent of cultivation: Widespread
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 4.9 (High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coast Hinterland Ngongoni Veld
Vegetation pattern: Grassland, Bush Clump Grassland/Forest.
ARABILITY
23.90% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and suitable for
annual cropping.
26.24% of the BRU consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes <12.
37.20% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
48.5% of the BRU is arable. 31.0% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up
12.4% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 37.5% of the BRU while soils of moderate to poor
drainage occupy 42.8%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
956 138 121 127 59 40 27 24 33 61 94 119 113
Mean temp
(oC)
18.6 21.9 22.1 21.4 19.4 17.2 14.9 14.7 15.7 17.3 18.4 19.5 21.2
Climate capability rating: C2 (climatic limitations to production are slight)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Semi-intensive farming systems.
The land has a high potential. There are infrequent and/or minor limitations due to soil, slope,
temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be implemented.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 2.5 ha/AU.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES49
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Dry beans, Eucalyptus, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland
or irrigated), Pinus elliotti, Pinus taeda, Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans
(dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated), Tomatoes.
Wattle.
Yb13 OZWATINI
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Broken
Altitude range: 283 - 1042 m
Slope: Steep
Extent of cultivation: Limited
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 4.4 (High Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coast Hinterland Ngongoni Veld
Vegetation pattern: Grassland, Bushed Grassland, Forest
ARABILITY
Only 8.11% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and
suitable for annual cropping.
70.38% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
43.7% of the BRU is arable. 14.0% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up
13.6% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 42.1% of the BRU while soils of moderate to poor
drainage occupy 46.7%.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES50
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
940 133 123 118 55 42 18 16 33 62 98 121 121
Mean temp
(oC)
18.6 21.7 21.8 21.2 19.2 17.2 14.9 14.8 15.9 17.4 18.2 19.3 21.0
Climate capability rating: C2 (climatic limitations to production are slight)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Semi intensive farming systems.
The land has a moderate potential. There are moderately regular and/or severe to moderate
limitations due to soil, slope, temperature or rainfall.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 2.5 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Dry beans, Eucalyptus, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland
or irrigated), Pinus elliotti, Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or
irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated), Tomatoes, Wattle.
Yb14 INANDA
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Rolling
Altitude range: 466 – 586 m
Slope: Moderate/steep
Extent of cultivation: Widespread
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 5.2 (Moderate Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coast Hinterland Ngongoni Veld
Vegetation pattern: Bushed Grassland, Forest.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES51
ARABILITY
30.43% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and suitable for
annual cropping.
53.30% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
77.0% of the BRU is arable. 20.2% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up
13.0% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 3.4% of the BRU while soils of moderate to poor
drainage occupy 15.3%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
mm)
969 151 131 108 65 41 17 18 41 77 96 117 107
Mean temp
(oC)
19.4 22.1 224 21.9 20.2 18.6 16.6 16.4 16.8 17.9 18.7 19.7 21.4
Climate capability rating: C2 (climatic limitations to production are slight)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Intensive farming systems.
The land has a high potential. There are infrequent and/or minor limitations due to soil, slope,
temperature or rainfall.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 2.5 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Dry beans, Eucalyptus, Pinus elliotti, Potatoes, Soyabeans
(dryland or irrigated), Star grass (dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated),
Tomatoes.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES52
Yb15 GILLITS
TERRAIN
Terrain type: Rolling/broken
Altitude range: 315 – 882 m
Slope: Steep/moderate
Extent of cultivation: Widespread
Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 5.4 (Moderate Risk).
VEGETATION
Bioresource Group: Moist Coast Hinterland Ngongoni Veld
Vegetation pattern: Bushed Grassland.
ARABILITY
Only 44.06% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and
suitable for annual cropping.
22.74% consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes <12%.
21.57% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial
pastures, cane and timber.
SUMMARY OF SOILS
62.2% of the BRU is arable. 58.1% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up
11.7% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 26.9% of the BRU while soils of moderate to poor
drainage occupy 24.0%.
CLIMATE
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean rainfall
(mm)
920 116 114 123 61 44 24 24 34 64 90 113 113
Mean temp
(oC)
18.7 21.9 22. 21.4 19.4 17.4 15.1 15.0 15.9 17.4 18.4 19.5 21.2
Climate capability rating: C2 (climatic limitations to production are slight)
Frost hazard rating: None.
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY
Intensive farming systems.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES53
The land has a high potential. There are infrequent and/or minor limitations due to soil, slope,
temperature or rainfall.
VELD PRODUCTION
Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 2.5 ha/AU.
CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first
approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.
Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Dry beans, Eucalyptus, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland
or irrigated), Pinus elliotti, Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or
irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated), Tomatoes, Wattle.
3 WATER RESOURCES
When referring to water resources located within eThekwini, both natural and man-made sources
are considered. Water resources include:
• Rivers
• Dams
• Boreholes
• Weirs
• Municipal Mains water supply.
The rivers, dams, and weirs, as well as the various catchments, are presented in Figure 13, while
reticulated water supply (piped water) and boreholes are shown in Figure 14. It should be noted
that the reticulated water supply, as well as many of the weirs and boreholes are principally for
domestic use, rather than serving agricultural production.
4 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE
4.1 ROADS AND RAILWAYS
The network of roads and railways that service the eThekwini Municipality are shown in Figure 15.
The availability of this infrastructure has serious implications in terms of both production and
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES54
marketing of produce. Inputs must be taken in, while agricultural produce must be transported to
markets if it is not being sold locally.
The National road linking Durban and Johannesburg (N3), as well as the N2, which runs north -
south along the coast, are the largest roads within eThekwini. The network of tarred roads is
generally limited to the more developed areas. A number of traditional settlement areas are
situated on provincial roads (e.g Umbumbulu).
The rail network links Durban with the hinterland, and this line passes through Cato Ridge. A
second line runs in a north-south direction along the coast.
4.2 ELECTRICITY
The extent of electrification throughout eThekwini is shown in Figure 16. Most of the municipal
area is now electrified. This has implications for agriculture in terms of pumps that can be used
for irrigation, refrigeration facilities for produce, etc. In many rural areas, electricity is only used
for lighting and for running electrical appliances such as televisions and radios. Many households
thus still rely on collecting firewood for cooking.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES55
Figure 13: Catchments, rivers, dams and weirs located within rural eThekwini
(Umgeni Water).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT
PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES56
Figure 14: Municipal Mains water supply and borehole coverage within rural
eThekwini (Corporate GIS, eThekwini Municipality).
ETH
EKW
INI
AG
RIC
ULTU
RAL S
TATU
S Q
UO
PREPARED
BY:
INSTIT
UTE O
F N
ATU
RAL R
ESO
URCES
57
Fig
ure
15
:E
xis
tin
g r
oa
ds a
nd
ra
il n
etw
ork
s w
ith
in r
ura
l e
Th
ek
win
i –
in
co
mp
lete
(D
ep
art
me
nt
of
Tra
nsp
ort
).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES58
Figure 16: Electricity coverage (percentage of households electrified) within
eThekwini Municipality (2001 Census data).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES59
5 EXISTING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
The existence of the following agricultural activities within eThekwini Municipality has been
investigated:
• Livestock enterprises
- Dairy
- Beef
- Pigs
- Small stock (sheep/goats)
- Poultry
- Aquaculture
• Cropping enterprises
• Vegetable enterprises
- Hydroponics
- Market gardens
- Organic production
• Fruit production enterprises
• Cut flower enterprises
• Timber
• Sugar cane.
Agricultural activities have been divided into three categories to facilitate discussion.
• Agricultural projects
• Agriculture within the traditional areas
• Agriculture outside the traditional areas.
It should be understood that within the traditional areas, both subsistence and small-scale
commercial operations occur.
5.1 AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS
There are a range of agricultural projects supported by government departments and non-
governmental organisations. Most of these projects are located within the traditional areas and
aim to improve household food security, create job opportunities and/or generate cash income.
Many agricultural projects involve community gardens and broiler projects, while other project
activities include vegetable production in tunnels, home-gardens and piggeries.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES60
The agricultural-related projects identified during the study are presented spatially in Figure 17. It
should be noted that while this report focuses on the area outside the urban edge, a number of
projects supported by both the KZNDAEA and the Greater Durban Community Foundation fall
within the urban and peri-urban area. A list of the projects identified during the study is contained
within Appendix 1. This list includes name and type of project, service provider and contact
person.
Existing agricultural projects have been initiated and supported by the following organisations and
government departments:
• eThekwini Municipality
- Parks and Recreation
- Economic Development Unit
- Rural ABM Office
- Corporate Services Unit
• KZN Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs (KZNDAEA)
• Department of Social Development
• Department of Health
• World Vision
• Heifer International – South Africa
• The Valley Trust
• The Greater Durban Community Foundation / Toyota.
5.1.1 KZN DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS
The Department has funded, and supports, a large number of agricultural projects within
eThekwini. A number of these are still under implementation, meaning that fencing and irrigation
still have to be provided. Projects that have been handed over to the beneficiaries are operational
and said to be closed. These projects still obtain extension support from the local Agricultural
Development Technician (ADT).
There are 81 KZNDAEA projects (17 not shown on the map due to absence of co-ordinates)
located within eThekwini. In addition, 27 projects (6 not shown due to absence of co-ordinates)
within eThekwini, also serviced by KZNDAEA, have been identified since December 2003 to be
included in the Poverty Alleviation Programme. The KZNDAEA project activities include vegetable
production, broiler production, irrigation schemes, nurseries, deciduous fruit production, sewing
and piggeries. The focus areas served by the projects are income generation, food security and
youth in agriculture.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES61
5.1.2 ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY
Various departments within the eThekwini Municipality have initiated agricultural projects. The
mandate for urban agriculture falls under Parks, Leisure and Cemeteries Department (PLC). Most
urban agriculture projects are located within the urban edge and therefore are not directly
applicable to this study. A number of projects were also identified by PLC to be funded by the
Rural ABM Office. Some grass cutting and bush cutting council projects are located within the
Rural ABM area. The Economic Development Unit has two agricultural projects. The one is an
indigenous medicinal (muthi) plant project at Umbumbulu, the other is an organic farming project
at Inanda (Tea Estate). The Corporate Services Unit, falling under the GIPO cluster, initiated the
Magabheni Waste Water Project.
5.1.3 KZN DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND POPULATION DEVELOPMENT
The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Social Welfare and Population Development has a substantial
number of agricultural type projects (poultry and vegetable production/gardens) located
throughout the eThekwini Municipal area. Development workers based at the district offices
provide support to these projects. Details of 29 projects identified during the study are
summarised in Appendix 1.
5.1.4 KZN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
The Community Based Nutrition Programme is one activity of the Integrated Nutrition Programme
of the Department of Health. The projects implemented under this programme were known as
Food Production Projects. Initially broiler and garden projects were funded within communities.
This is no longer occurring, and all projects are now linked to existing health facilities, such as
clinics. There are approximately 35 clinic garden projects located within eThekwini Municipality.
The aim of the gardens is to target people who are already benefiting from the Protein Energy
Malnutrition (PEM) programme. Where the clinics have insufficient space for establishment of a
vegetable garden, alternative arrangements are made with local landowners. The location of the
projects has not been determined during his study, but their existence is noted.
5.1.5 HEIFER INTERNATIONAL – SOUTH AFRICA
Heifer International is a non-governmental organisation working in rural communities. The Head
office (and KwaZulu-Natal Office) for Heifer International - South Africa is located in Hillcrest.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES62
Heifer International currently has six projects within the eThekwini Municipality, located at
KwaNyuswa, Inanda, Ndwedwe, KwaXimba and Shongweni.
5.1.6 THE VALLEY TRUST
The Valley Trust (TVT) works with emerging small-scale farmers, the focus of their work being
household food security and the promotion of a sustainable approach to land use, which includes
organic production methods. Their programmes promote good nutrition as well as conservation of
agro-biodiversity. The traditional authorities that TVT works with include Qadi, Ngcolosi and
KwaNyuswa, all falling within a region known as Kwa-Dedangendlala. TVT is also involved with
school nutrition programmes in KwaXimba and Umbumbulu.
5.1.7 GREATER DURBAN COMMUNITY FOUNDATION (GDCF)
GDCF is located in Durban and is involved with six garden projects in the Folweni area, funded by
Toyota. GDCF would like to play a role of coordinating agricultural activities, especially where a
number of service providers are operating within the same community.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES63
Figure 17: Agricultural projects run by various service providers within eThekwini
Municipality.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES64
5.2 AGRICULTURE WITHIN THE TRADITIONAL AREAS
Most of the agricultural activities within the traditional areas are of a subsistence nature.
Commercial activities do occur, the most important one within eThekwini Municipality being small-
scale cane production. The location of small cane growers as well as woodlots is shown in Fig. 19.
Results of a rapid scan analysis of agriculture in the traditional areas conducted with the assistance
of a number of Agricultural Development Technicians (ADT) working within eThekwini, together
with discussions with other stakeholders, revealed the following:
5.2.1 CANE AND WOODLOTS
Cane production within the traditional areas is classified as small-scale commercial because it is an
income-generating activity, but is undertaken on a limited scale.
Tongaat-Huletts and Illovo Sugar both have small grower schemes in place. The cane from small
growers that market to Tongaat-Huletts goes to the Maidstone Mill. There are approximately 8000
growers in the Ndwedwe, Inanda, Maidstone, Greylands, Emona and Isinembe areas. They have
fields ranging from 0.5 to 60-70 hectares in size. Of the small growers, 75% have areas of cane
between 0.5 and 1.5 hectares in size.
All small grower cane that goes to Illovo Sugar is received at the Sezela Mill. Some small grower
cane does go to the Eston Mill, but this is normally diverted to the Sezela Mill. Much of the small
grower cane that is received at Sezela Mill originates from areas outside of eThekwini Municipality.
In terms of eThekwini itself, approximately 40 small growers are located in the Umnini area while
approximately 160 are located in the Umbumbulu area. The fields of cane owned by these small
growers are approximately 1.5 hectares in size.
As can be seen from the map, woodlots are mainly located in the vicinity of Umbumbulu. There
are also some woodlots in the Mkhize traditional area, which lies in the north of the Municipal
Area. Most of the woodlots were established through the SAPPI small grower scheme. In the
past, Lima Rural Development Foundation was the implementing agent for this programme.
Woodlots range in size from 0.1 to 1 hectare in size, with larger woodlots measuring 2 hectares.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES65
5.2.2 AQUACULTURE
Aquaculture is often identified as a niche agricultural sector with the potential to create jobs and
alleviate rural poverty. Within eThekwini, various projects linked to specifically the Nagle, Inanda
and Umnini Dams have previously been identified and investigated. These investigations focused
primarily on eels (Umnini), catfish and tilapia.
A 2002 investigation into the potential of the aquaculture industry in KwaZulu-Natal established
that considerable potential does exist within this industry. However, it was suggested that before
successfully exploiting this potential in rural areas a number of issues should receive attention,
including:
• Cultivating the appropriate technical management skills to support individuals and
communities in such endeavors.
• Identifying and confirming access to local and overseas markets.
• Encouraging South Africans to be involved in the aquaculture industry, to realize the
benefits of fish as an alternative source of protein.
5.2.3 SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE WITHIN THE TRADITIONAL AREAS
• Almost all the farmers grow maize. Lands normally range from 0.1 to 0.5 hectares in size,
with large lands measuring 1 - 3 hectares.
• Dry beans are grown by most farmers. Average-sized lands range in size from 0.1 to 0.3
hectares, with large lands measuring 0.8 hectares.
• In most of the tribal areas, a few households have bananas. They normally only have
between 2 and 10 plants per homestead.
• Very few households have mango trees.
• Few households have papaya, and those that do generally have less than five plants.
• Citrus is also not common.
• Almost all households plant amadumbe. Their lands range from 0.1 to 0.5 hectares in size.
Large lands may measure 1 hectare.
• In some areas, groundnuts are a commonly grown crop.
• In some traditional areas cattle are common, while in other areas only a few households
own any. In all areas, the number of cattle per household is limited, ranging from 2 to 8,
with large herds of 12 to 20 being the exception.
• Goats are owned by households in all traditional areas although in some areas more
households own goats than in others. The number owned by a household varies from 1 to
3, with flocks of 10 or 15 being the exception.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES66
• Few households own pigs, and their numbers are generally restricted to 2 per homestead.
• No households are known to keep laying hens (except Heifer International projects).
• Many households keep indigenous chickens, and a few keep broilers (commonly batches of
100 – 300).
• Most produce is consumed by the household or sold locally. Some farmers make use of the
municipal farmers’ markets at Tongaat and Verulam to market maize and dry beans.
Some problems that farmers experience are:
• Financing of projects
• Scarcity of land
• Lack of land preparation implements
• The need for fencing to keep livestock out of fields
• Lack of water for irrigation
• High cost of using Municipal water for agriculture.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES67
Figure 19: The location of woodlots and small-scale cane growers within rural
eThekwini (SAPPI and SASA).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES68
5.3 AGRICULTURE OUTSIDE THE TRADITIONAL AREAS
5.3.1 CANE
Large-scale cane production occurs in the northern reaches of the Municipality, beyond Mount
Edgecombe. The towns included in the northern cane belt would be Verulam, Tongaat and
Maidstone. Large-scale cane operations are also happening in the western regions of the
Municipality, from Hillcrest to Cato Ridge. Some large-scale cane operations are also found in the
southern part of the Municipality, in the vicinity of Umkomaas (Figure 20).
5.3.2 TIMBER
There are no large-scale timber operations in the area, although some timber is located in the
south, towards Umkomaas.
5.3.3 BROILERS
One of the largest agricultural industries within the eThekwini Municipality is the production of
broilers (Figure 20). The largest operation is that of Rainbow Chickens. Most of the farms are
located around Cato Ridge, and include broiler breeders, hatcheries and rearing farms. Other
smaller private concerns are also located in this area. A number of broiler farms are located in the
north, near Canelands. The location of the poultry enterprises was obtained from KwaZulu-Natal
Poultry Institute.
5.3.4 LAYERS
Egg production operations are fewer than the broiler operations, but a number do occur within the
eThekwini Municipality (Figure 20).
5.3.5 DAIRY
The number of dairies in the western region (around Cato Ridge) has declined. A number of small
dairies do exist, located in Pinetown (at the Mariannhill Monastery), Hillcrest, Alverston and Cato
Ridge (Figure 20). There are no dairies in the northern or southern parts of the municipality.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES69
5.3.6 BEEF
There is very little commercial beef production occurring within the eThekwini Municipality. Two
operations with herds larger than 200 animals are located in the Camperdown area. Most cattle-
related activities involve speculation (buying and selling to the informal market). Speculators are
fairly widespread, and include those located at:
• Hillcrest, on the way to Inanda Dam
• Peacevale (Left hand side of the N3)
• At Pinetown (just past the Mariannhill Monastery, on the way to Shallcross)
• Verulam and Tongaat.
5.3.7 PIGS
A number of piggeries are located within eThekwini. The locations of commercial piggeries
serviced by Epol and Meadow Feed are shown in Figure 20.
5.3.8 SHEEP/GOATS
Activities based on sheep and goats are almost exclusively of a speculating nature. Sheep and
goats are purchased from farmers in the Northern Cape, Eastern Cape and Namibia and brought
down to KwaZulu-Natal. They are generally sold informally to wholesalers and retailed directly to
consumers. The animals are principally purchased for slaughter purposes. Most of the goats are
slaughtered for traditional/cultural reasons.
5.3.9 AQUACULTURE
The ornamental fish industry is quite strong in the coastal areas of KwaZulu-Natal and a number of
small-scale producers are located within eThekwini Municipality.
5.3.10 VEGETABLES
• Market gardens
Some market gardens are located around Verulam, La Mercy and Isipingo (Figure 20).
These gardens produce a range of vegetables demanded by the retail outlets as well as
various authentic Indian vegetables and herbs. Other market gardens are located in the
Peacevale, Hillcrest and Assegay area.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES70
• A number of larger scale commercial producers are located at Cato Ridge, but eThekwini is
not one of the major vegetable producing areas of KwaZulu-Natal. Some hydroponics
operations do exist at Hillcrest, Shongweni, Crestholme, Waterfall and Hammarsdale (Pers
comm. Mr Hagan, Gromor).
• Organic vegetable production is taking place within eThekwini. In Umbumbulu, outside of
eThekwini, a number of black smallholder farmers are part of a project being run by the
Food Security Programme of University of KwaZulu-Natal. The project is funded by Ford
Foundation and investigates the potential for smallholder farmers to obtain organic
certification and profitably market farm and non-farm products. The Organic Agricultural
Association of South Africa (OAASA) and AFRISCO (Africa’s Farms Certified Organic) are
two important organisations supporting organic producers.
• Mushroom production is another vegetable enterprise that is located within eThekwini. At
least one commercial grower is located in Assagay (Chef Mushrooms).
5.3.11 FRUIT
There is almost no commercial fruit production occurring within the eThekwini Municipality, with
the exception of a banana producer located in the northern parts. A strawberry operation is
located at Cato Ridge.
5.3.12 CUT FLOWERS
There is very little happening in eThekwini in terms of cut flower production. A rose producer at
Killarney Isles (near Cato Ridge), a small protea grower at Shakas Rock (north of Ballito) and a
number of anthyrium growers at Ballito are known to exist. The location of these growers is
shown in Figure 20, but it should be noted that they all fall outside eThekwini Municipality.
ETH
EKW
INI
AG
RIC
ULTU
RAL S
TATU
S Q
UO
PREPARED
BY:
INSTIT
UTE O
F N
ATU
RAL R
ESO
URCES
71
Fig
ure
20
:C
om
me
rcia
l a
gri
cu
ltu
ral
acti
vit
ies w
ith
in e
Th
ek
win
i M
un
icip
ali
ty.
ETH
EKW
INI
AG
RIC
ULTU
RAL S
TATU
S Q
UO
PREPARED
BY:
INSTIT
UTE O
F N
ATU
RAL R
ESO
URCES
72
Fig
ure
21
:A
gri
cu
ltu
ral
pro
ce
ssin
g f
acil
itie
s a
nd
ma
rke
ts f
or
ag
ricu
ltu
ral
pro
du
ce
wit
hin
eT
he
kw
ini
Mu
nic
ipa
lity
.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES73
6 IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
A range of formal and informal markets exists for agricultural products. Most commercial ventures
rely on formal markets to dispose of their products due to the volume of goods that must be
moved. Some of the available markets and processing facilities that might purchase produce within
eThekwini municipality are shown in Figure 21.
6.1 MILK
Commercial dairies normally supply quota to one of the large companies such as Clover Industries
Ltd (previously NCD) or Nestle. A number of dairies pasteurise and package their own milk, which
they then market directly to wholesalers and retailers. Some dairies also supply to processing
facilities, such as those that make cheese and yoghurt (e.g. Creighton Dairies).
Neither Clover Industries nor Nestle is currently purchasing any milk from the eThekwini Municipal
Area. Nestle indicated that they would be prepared to offer technical assistance to (and purchase
milk from) emerging dairies.
Milk produced by small-scale dairies is often sold through more informal channels. It is often sold
to local community members.
6.2 EGGS
Eggs produced by commercial layer operations are normally sold to wholesalers and retailers. Such
operations often sell their cracked or lower grade eggs through informal channels. Small-scale
operations are able to dispose of their eggs within the local community.
6.3 BROILERS
A number of private poultry abattoirs exist within eThekwini Municipality (Figure 21). These
generally only slaughter birds grown on the farm (an effort to reduce the risk of disease), and
would then supply these to wholesalers and retail outlets. Kia Ora abattoir does offer a
slaughtering service.
A large market exists for live birds. Again, the size of the operation determines the marketing
approach. Larger operations may have contracts with wholesalers whom they supply. Smaller
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES74
operations, such as the agricultural projects supported by KZNDAEA, rely largely on selling birds
locally to other community members, or taking them to pension pay points.
6.4 LIVESTOCK
A number of outlets exist for marketing cattle, sheep and goats. In the past, Stock Owners ran
regular sales at a number of locations. Their role has been taken over by a number of private
livestock auctioneers.
6.4.1 FORMAL MARKETS
• Abattoirs - One of the most formal markets that exist is the Crafcor Abattoir at Cato Ridge
(Figure 21). The Baynesfield Abattoir is an alternative market for pigs.
• Feedlots - Feedlots that purchase young stock to finish off (condition), provide another
potential market opportunity for cattle. There are no feedlots located within eThekwini
Municipality itself. The closest feedlots that could be made use of by beef producers are
Triple A and Triple C feedlots, both located near Greytown. Most feedlots purchase stock
directly from farmers.
6.4.2 INFORMAL MARKETS
There is a very large informal market for cattle, sheep and goats. Livestock can be sold directly
off farm to the end consumer, or certain speculators will also purchase livestock. Speculators are
those operators that buy and resell livestock on a short-term basis. Some may purchase directly
from farmers, while others may use of formal stock sales to obtain livestock.
Livestock owners in the traditional areas rely largely on informal marketing channels, selling
animals to members of the local communities. Speculators have now provided another channel for
small-scale farmers to dispose of animals.
6.5 VEGETABLES
A number of different markets exist for vegetables (See Figure 21 for formal markets):
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES75
MUNICIPAL BULK FRESH PRODUCE MARKETS (MBFPMS)
MBFPMs are located at Mkondeni in Pietermaritzburg and Clairwood in Durban. The markets are
managed by the Municipalities but all purchasing and selling of vegetables is done by Market
Agents.
6.5.1 MUNICIPAL FARMERS’ MARKETS
These markets are located at Verulam, Tongaat and Clairwood. The Municipality levies a
surcharge on all produce sold at these markets. Farmers are able to market directly to
wholesalers, retailers and consumers.
6.5.2 FARMERS’ MARKETS
A number of other farmers’ markets, not managed by the Municipality, also exist. The Assegay
Farmers’ market is an important market for producers in the Hillcrest and Peacevale areas. These
are opportunities for growers to supply direct to consumers.
6.5.3 WHOLESALERS
A number of wholesale outlets exist that will purchase directly from producers. These businesses
then sell the produce on to retail outlets and/or vendors.
6.5.4 RETAILERS
A number of retail outlets will purchase directly from farmers. Some buy on contract, while others
will buy from any producer if the price and quality is right. Some Supermarkets, such as Pick n
Pay and Spar, will buy directly from farmers. Fruit and Veg City is another retail outlet that buys
directly from farmers.
6.5.5 DISTRIBUTION PLATFORMS
Distribution platforms, such as Springbok Foods that supplies hotels, hostels, etc with vegetables,
are another potential market. Large supermarket chains (e.g. Pick n Pay) also have distribution
centres from which they supply the different stores.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES76
6.5.6 PROCESSING FACILITIES
Romac at Ballito is an example of a farm and processing facility that supplies processed and
packaged vegetables to a large retail store. Processing facilities such as this will also be potential
markets for vegetables produced within eThekwini.
6.5.7 VENDORS
These are retailers that buy in bulk from wholesalers and then resell directly to consumers. The
people that sell green mielies off light delivery vehicles on the side of the road are an example of
vendors. Some speculators will buy produce directly from farms, while others will buy produce at
the municipal markets.
6.5.8 INFORMAL MARKETS
These would include street traders and hawkers, although most of the produce sold by this sector
is purchased from wholesalers and from the municipal markets, rather than directly from farmers.
6.6 CANE
The cane industry in eThekwini is controlled by two companies, namely Illovo Sugar and Tongaat
Huletts. Both small-scale and large-scale growers supply the sugar mills owned by these
companies (Figure 21).
6.7 TIMBER
All small-scale timber is taken to the SAPPI Saiccor plant (Figure 21).
6.8 CUT FLOWERS
Local, national and international markets exist for cut flowers. The South African market is
reasonably sized, and Ballito based producers are selling to Durban, Cape Town and
Johannesburg. Cut flowers are also being exported currently (mainly proteas and greenery).
Vegmo Flora is a cut flower wholesaler based in Durban.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES77
7 INPUT SUPPLIERS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS
A database of some of the input suppliers and support services located in and around eThekwini
Municipality has been compiled (Table 4). It is not exhaustive, but gives an indication of the range
of services available. It should be noted that a number of towns lying outside eThekwini, Umzinto,
Eston in particular, appear to be important sources of inputs for farmers located within eThekwini,
while a number of important service providers are also located in Pietermaritzburg. Locations of
service providers and the services offered are shown in Figure 22.
The following range of service providers have been found to exist:
• Input suppliers
- Livestock feed
- Veterinary supplies
- Fertilizer (organic or chemical)
- Agricultural chemicals (herbicides/pesticides, etc)
- Planting material (Seed and seedlings)
• Suppliers of machinery and implements (Some business’ services include repairs)
• Providers of irrigation technology and equipment/infrastructure
• Marketing consultants (assisting with the export of agricultural produce)
• Agricultural consultants, their services include:
- Drawing up business plans
- Land-use planning
- Specialist advice
• Veterinary services
- Private veterinarians are located in all towns, however many specialise in small animals
and would not offer a service to farmers. Many private veterinarians will also not
travel into traditional settlement areas due to the perceived threat of highjacks and
other criminal activities
- State veterinary services comprise a network of state veterinarians and animal health
technicians (See Section 7.2 Extension Services)
• Transportation agents/freight (especially important for the cane industry)
• Training institutions (See Section 7.1)
• Extension support (See Section 7.2)
• Financial support (See Section 7.3).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES78
7.1 TRAINING INSTITUTIONS
• Training institutions - a number of institutions located within, or in close proximity to
eThekwini Municipality (Details in Table 5), offer agricultural training, these include:
- KZNDAEA runs short courses on a variety of agricultural topics at Cedara.
- Mangosuthu Technicon offers National Diplomas in Agriculture.
- The Valley Trust, based in Bothas Hill offers short courses on sustainable agriculture.
- Rainman Landcare Foundation (Bothas Hill) offers training in sustainable land-use and
organic agriculture.
- Cedara Agricultural College – certificates and diplomas in agriculture
- Owen Sithole Agricultural College – certificates an diplomas in agriculture
- University of KwaZulu-Natal – certificates, diplomas and degrees in agriculture and
related subjects.
- KwaZulu-Natal Poultry Institute – based in Pietermaritzburg offers a variety of courses
on poultry management.
- Newlands Mashu Permaculture Learning Centre.
- Silverglen Medicinal Plants nursery – provides practical training with regard to growing
medicinal plants (They run a 3 day basic horticultural training course in Zulu and
English)
Table 4: List of some service providers that support the agricultural industry
within eThekwini MunicipalityPLACE NAME NAME CATEGORY SUB-CATEGORY DETAIL PHONE NO.
Assagay Assagay Animal Feed Inputs Feed 031 768 1165
Ballito Harvest Care cc Support 032 9462768
Bluff XS Feed and Grain Inputs Feed 031 466 4962
Cato Ridge National Plant Food (Gromor) Inputs Fertilizers Organic 031 782 3105
Durban Grovida Inputs General 031 561 5859
Durban Stewarts & Lloyds (Rainbird) Irrigation 031 7003737
Durban Rautenbach Aerial Spraying Crop spraying 031 5638658
Durban Kaufmann Agric Consultants Support 031 561 6094
Durban NDE Stainless Steel Dairy Equipment 031 7005444
Durban A Store Africa Irrigation 031 577 1392
Durban North Farmers’ Agri-care Inputs Chemicals 031 5635383
Durban North Global Agroservices Support 031 563 2925
Eston Eston Co-op Inputs General 031 781 1891
Glen Ashley Durban Agricultural Services cc Inputs Chemical 031 572 3670
Hillcrest Westerlee Land Preparations Support 031 266 8763
Hillcrest Premier Fruits Marketing Consultant 031 767 3875
Isipingo Grovida Horticultural Products Inputs General 031 561 5859
Kloof Neutrog Africa Inputs Fertilizers Organic 031 764 2958
Maidstone Voermol feeds Inputs Feed 032 439 5599
Maidstone Tongatt Purekip Inputs Fertilizers 032 944 1991
Maydon Wharf Farmers' Fertilizer Services Inputs Fertilizers 031 206 2650
Maydon Wharf Profert Inputs Fertilizer 031 205 6553
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES79
Mt Edgecombe Coastal Farmers Co-op Inputs General 032 539 5688
Ndwedwe Hamba Ndoda Cane Cartage Support Transport 032 532 1504
Park Rennie Sunshine Seedlings Inputs Seedlings 039 976 0533
Pietermaritzburg Irritech Agencies cc Irrigation 033 342 3177
Pietermaritzburg Irrigation and Drainage Services Irrigation 033 345 4423
Pietermaritzburg AIM Marketing consultant 033 396 3857
Pinetown Servistar Inputs Fertilizer Seedlings 031 701 1461
Richmond Watersmeet Seedlings Inputs Seedlings 033 212 3174
Scottburgh Kynoch Inputs Fertilizers 039 973 0602
Sezela Unitrans Sugar (Pty) Ltd Support Transport 039 9753174
Springfield Turf-Ag Products Irrigation 031 579 2280
Stanger Stanger Agric Services Support 032 552 1044
Umhlali Farmserve Inputs General 032 9470075
Umhlali Peter’s Tractors and Implements 032 947 0585
Umlaas Road National Chicks Inputs Day old chicks 031 785 1158
Umzinto Agri Centre Inputs General 039 974 2179
Umzinto Coastal Farmers’ Co-op Inputs General 039 974 1137
Verulam Verulam Farm Services Support 032 533 1202
Verulam Daystar Chicks Inputs Day old chicks 032 947 1128
Verulam DOW Agrosciences Inputs Chemicals 032 439 1111
Winkelspruit Illovo Nursery Inputs Seedlings 031 916 2491
Table 5: Contact details for training institutions
Name of institution Location Telephone Number
Cedara - Non-formal Training & College Cedara 033 3559 100
Mangosuthu Technicon Durban 031 907 7111
Rainman Landcare Foundation Peacevale 031 783 4412
The Valley Trust Bothas Hill 031 777 1955
Owen Sithole College Empangeni 035 795 1345
University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg Campus 033 260 5111
KZN Poultry Institute Pietermaritzburg 033 3460 009
Newlands Mashu Permaculture Centre Durban 031 577 2844
Silverglen Medicinal Plants Nursery Durban 031 404 5628
Institute of Natural Resources Pietermaritzburg 033 3460 796
ETH
EKW
INI
AG
RIC
ULTU
RAL S
TATU
S Q
UO
PREPARED
BY:
INSTIT
UTE O
F N
ATU
RAL R
ESO
URCES
80
Fig
ure
22
:T
yp
es o
f se
rvic
es o
ffe
red
by s
erv
ice
pro
vid
ers
wit
hin
eT
he
kw
ini
Mu
nic
ipa
lity
.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES81
7.2 EXTENSION SUPPORT
The primary provider of extension support is the Extension Service of KZNDAEA. Another branch of
KZNDAEA that provides extension support to farmers is the Directorate of Veterinary Services,
which addresses animal health issues.
Other institutions that offer related support include:
• Non governmental organisations (Heifer International, The Valley Trust)
• Private companies (Mondi, Sappi, Tongaat Huletts, Illovo Sugar)
• Associations (e.g. South African Sugar Association).
7.2.1 KZN DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS
The Extension Service of the KZNDAEA is currently divided into two regions. eThekwini
Municipality falls within South Region, a Sub-Regional Office of which is located in Durban. South
Region is in turn divided into a number of districts, each of which is managed by a District
Manager. Each district has a number of Agricultural Development Technicians (ADTs) that are
responsible for providing extension support to farmers located within a specific area. The ADTs
are supported by Subject Matter Specialists (Agricultural Scientists) based either within the district
or at the Regional Office. The eThekwini Municipal area falls under the care of: Durban Metro
North (operating from Durban) and Durban Metro South (operating from Umbumbulu).
Veterinary Services is another arm of the Department. Offices are located at Tongaat and in
Durban. State Veterinarians and Animal Health Technicians (AHTs) provide a service to livestock
owners. They provide advice about animal health issues, and also offer a vaccination service for
certain diseases that have implications for human health, Contagious Abortion (CA), Tuberculosis
(TB) and Rabies are three such diseases. Veterinary Services are also involved in disease
surveillance (including Contagious Abortion, Bovine Tuberculosis and Foot and Mouth Disease).
7.3 FINANCIAL SUPPORT
A number of institutions offer financial support to agriculture:
• The Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) has a number of schemes in place
that would be applicable to persons wishing to access finance for agricultural projects.
- Agro-industries Development Finance Scheme: The scheme is aimed at the
development and expansion of the agricultural, food, beverage and marine sectors.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES82
Basic qualification criteria include an economically viable business plan and a minimum
finance requirement of R1 million. The scheme provides medium term finance in the
form of loans, suspended sales, equity and quasi-equity for the establishment of
permanent infrastructure in the agriculture or aquaculture sectors. Interest rates are
competitive and based on the prime bank overdraft rate (DTI 2001).
- Empowerment Finance Scheme: The scheme is aimed at providing assistance to
emerging industrialists/entrepreneurs to acquire a stake in formal businesses. Access
criteria includes that the business should be an ongoing concern, the entrepreneur
must fulfil a meaningful role in the management of the business, the deal size must be
between R5 million and R100 million and the entrepreneur must make a minimum cash
contribution of 10% of the purchase price.
- Finance for the Expansion of the Manufacturing Sector: The scheme is aimed at the
development and expansion of a manufacturing sector by providing finance for the
creation of new or additional capacity. In order to qualify for this scheme an
economically viable business plan (requiring finance of more than R1 million) and a
financial contribution of at least 33% by the promoters is required. The scheme offers
medium term finance in the form of loans, suspensive sales, equity and quasi-equity.
• Ithala development Finance Corporation has an Agri-Business division that will deal
with financing of agricultural projects. Agri-Business is defined by Ithala as “the
production, transportation, processing (value adding) and marketing of agronomic corps,
livestock and natural fibres”. The objective of the Division is to contribute to the
development of rural areas through “financing and investment in entrepreneurial
development and productive enterprises in the agri-business sector”. Key focus areas of
the Division include entrepreneurial development, empowerment, business development
and employment creation.
Ithala offers a range of business loans (see Ithala Web-Site at www.ithala.co.za for more
details) that would be applicable to this sector.
- For Equipment and Movable Assets: This includes finance for the purchase of plant,
machinery and other farming equipment, as well as livestock and tradable business
rights. Market related interest rates are provided and the loan term is dependent on
the productive lifespan of the asset financed up to a maximum term of 10 years.
- For Working Capital Finance: This includes bridging finance to cover production,
processing and marketing costs. The loan term is dependent on the period within
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES83
which the income generated from the activity financed accrues, up to a maximum of
two years.
- For Share Acquisition Finance: “A financial package designed to enable historically
disadvantaged individuals to obtain shares in established private companies with a
proven track record”. Loans up to R5 million will be considered.
Importantly, Ithala is an approved design agent for the LRAD programme. Through grant
funding available through the LRAD programme additional loan funding can be leveraged
for the establishment of emerging farmers.
• The Land Bank makes loan finance available for all farming and related agri-business
activities. The Land Bank will provide loan funding for agricultural projects through its
various loan-funding mechanisms. As is the case for Ithala, the Land Bank also acts as a
design agent for the LRAD programme.
The Land Bank identifies a number of loan funding focus areas (www.landbank.co.za),
including:
- Finance for Farmers: Financial products that cover all aspects of the farming cycle.
- Finance for Companies and Co-operatives: A variety of options for making loan
funding available to Co-operatives, Companies and Statutory Bodies.
- Finance for Development Projects: “a range of products tailored to meet diverse needs
across the (farming) sector – from new entrants to established commercial farmers
and from agri-business to micro-enterprise clients, in order to promote black economic
empowerment within the primary agriculture and agri-business sectors”.
Specific products of the Land Bank includes Long-term Mortgage Loans, Special Mortgage
Loans, Instalment Sale Finance, Establishment Loans, Medium-term Loans, Short-term
Loans/Product Credit, Social Discount Product, Deposits, Issuing Guarantees, Working
Capital and Micro Finance.
• The Departments of Land Affairs and Agriculture and Environmental Affairs
The Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development (LRAD) Programme presents a
potential opportunity for setting up emerging farmers. Through LRAD a potential
emerging farmer can apply for a grant of R20 000. A basic requirement to qualify for a
grant will be that the applicant makes an own contribution of R5 000 either in the form of
cash or by his/her own labour contribution to the venture. Applicants can qualify for up to
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES84
a total of R100 000 grant funding, but the own contribution increases on a sliding scale (to
qualify for R100 000 the own contribution of the farmer will be R400 000).
The LRAD policy document indicates that a number of types of projects can be catered for
in terms of the scheme, viz.
- Food safety-net projects
- Equity schemes
- Production for markets
- Agriculture in communal areas.
KZNDAEA also has other policies in place that can finance agricultural activities (e.g.
Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme).
8 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS WITH IMPLICATIONS
FOR AGRICULTURE IN ETHEKWINI
8.1 DUBE TRADE PORT2
The Dube Trade Port (DTP) is one of the Industrial Development Zones (IDZ) that have been
identified by South African Authorities as locations where firms will be granted special investment
and trade incentives in order to attract industries and expand exports. The DTP is located at La
Mercy in Durban and incorporates the new King Shaka Airport, an industrial development zone, a
cyber port and cyber village (logistics hub) as well as promoting ventures focused on value-adding
activities including export of perishables and e-commerce activities. The DTP will also incorporate
existing roads and rail networks.
DTP is a multi-modal logistics gateway that will offer logistics support geared towards perishable
goods being exported to foreign markets. Price Waterhouse Coopers have been appointed as the
financial advisors to the development, while Ithala Development Corporation has been appointed
as the project manager.
2 Adapted from: Where are the opportunities for the Dube Tradeport? An assessment of the potential
demand from some time-sensitive and time-critical sectors. Myrium Velia & Imraan Valodia. February 2003.
http://www.nu.ac.za/csds/publications/rr56.pdf
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES85
Positive implications for agriculture include:
• New direct airfreight support through King Shaka International Airport, instead of goods
produced in KwaZulu-Natal being transported to Johannesburg for export.
• Access to goods being imported via sea (due to location of DTP relative to Durban and
Richards Bay ports) will allow for establishment of bonded zone packaging freight villages.
• The DTP will be linked to three freight villages (at Jozini, Mooi River and Umtata) set up for
high value agricultural goods.
• A pilot organic vegetable project to be located on the grounds will lend support to the
export of organic produce via DTP.
Negative implications of the DTP development:
• The DTP development will see 2000 hectares of land that is currently being leased for
sugar cane production, being excised from production. This is high potential agricultural
land that is being lost to agriculture (Pers comm. Alan Grey 2004).
9 AGRICULTURAL STAKEHOLDERS
The following institutions have been identified during the study as potential stakeholders, although
some do not provide direct support to agriculture within eThekwini:
• eThekwini Municipality
- Planning Department (Rural ABM Office)
- Parks and Recreation
- Economic Development Unit
- Environmental Branch
- Silverglen Medicinal Plant Nursery
• Greater Durban Community Foundation
• National Departments
- Department of Agriculture
- Department of Trade and Industry
- Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
- Department of Land Affairs
• Provincial Government Departments
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs
- Department of Economic Development
- Department of Social Welfare and Population Development
- Department of Health
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES86
- Department of Public Works
• Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife
• Umgeni Water
• Agrelek/Eskom
• Major corporations
- Mondi
- Sappi
- Tongaat Huletts
- Illovo Sugar
• Associations:
- Wattle Growers’ Association
- South African Sugar Association
• NGOs/private initiatives – these would include:
- The Valley Trust
- Heifer International South Africa
- Institute of Natural Resources
- Rainman Landcare Foundation
- Lima Rural Development Foundation
- Newlands Mashu Permaculture Learning Centre
- World Vision
- Farmer Support Group.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES87
10 ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL
10.1 LAND POTENTIAL
A number of biophysical characteristics must be considered when assessing agricultural potential
of a site, they include:
• Soil characteristics (a soil investigation of a potential site is essential for determining the
type of soil and the soil depth)
• Climate (temperature and rainfall)
• Slope
• Water resources.
The Natural Resources Section of KZNDAEA produced a map from the BRU data (Figure 23), giving
a rough approximation of land potential within eThekwini Municipality. It rates the potential of
each BRU, taking into account the dominant ecotopes (slope, soil depth, soil characteristics),
climate data (temperature and rainfall). While it offers some indication of land potential, each
potential site still has to be investigated, as a high potential site could be located within an area
generally regarded as having low potential.
10.2 ADDITIONAL FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
Besides the physical characteristic of the land, a number of other factors have to be considered
when assessing agricultural potential. They include the following:
• Environmental considerations
- D’MOSS (Figure 24)
- Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife Conservation areas (Figure 25)
• Location in relation to the market
• Access to support services
• Existing infrastructure (electricity, roads, dams, piped water, etc)
• Certain enterprise specific criteria
- Disposal of effluent
- Minimum area requirements.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES88
10.3 DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES
There are two routes by which an assessment of agricultural potential is likely to take place:
• A business plan is received and it is necessary to determine whether the site on which the
enterprise is to be established is suitable; or
• Someone wishes to establish a certain enterprise/project and wants to identify the most
suitable location.
10.3.1 EVALUATION OF A SITE
A decision-making process has to be followed, whereby a site is assessed in terms of whether it
meets the necessary criteria.
What are the enterprise specific criteria for the proposed activity?
• List criteria and determine whether they are met.
- Climate
- Soil
- Water
- Slope
- Accessibility/Infrastructure
- Markets (Availability and access to)
• Determine whether the development will conflict with D’MOSS or any conservation
initiatives.
• If the site falls within a restricted zone, but all other criteria are met, undertake
negotiations with relevant bodies.
10.3.2 IDENTIFICATION OF A SUITABLE SITE
When a site is being sought for a particular enterprise, the following process could be followed:
• Is it a cropping enterprise for which the Bioresource Programme has information? If yes,
then use the models to identify areas that are likely to be suitable.
• Go through a decision-making process – what criteria are most important, where would
they be best met?
• Following identification of the general location, a site specific investigation would still need
to be conducted.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES89
Figure 23: Land potential within rural eThekwini (KZNDAEA).
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES90
Figure 24: Durban Metropolitan Open Space System (DMOSS)
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES91
Figure 25: Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife C Plan.
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES92
11 CONCLUSION
The information collected during the preparation of this status quo report will inform the
development of the rural agricultural policy as well as the Agricultural Development Framework
Plans for the two Agricultural Regions.
Agricultural Development must take advantage of opportunities that eThekwini’s location and
climatic advantage offer, while overcoming constraints that have been identified during the
preparation of this report. From the report, it is clear that a large number of stakeholders are
involved in agricultural-related activities within eThekwini. The role of local government is to
coordinate activities and create an environment that is conducive to agricultural development.
ETH
EKW
INI
AG
RIC
ULTU
RAL S
TATU
S Q
UO
PREPARED
BY:
INSTIT
UTE O
F N
ATU
RAL R
ESO
URCES
93
Ap
pe
nd
ix 1
LIS
T O
F A
GR
IC
ULT
UR
AL-R
ELA
TE
D P
RO
JE
CT
S
KZ
N D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F A
GR
IC
ULT
UR
E A
ND
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NT
AL A
FFA
IR
S -
PO
VE
RT
Y A
LLE
VIA
TIO
N P
RO
JE
CT
S
CO
DE
NA
ME
TY
PE
SFO
CU
SW
AR
DS
OR
GA
NIS
AT
IO
NG
PS
'd
Isip
hik
ele
leG
ard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Buhle
bukhona
Gard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Mpum
ala
nga
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Siy
ath
uth
uka
Gard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Mpandw
ini
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Nozi
myoni
Gard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Bekulw
andle
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Masi
siza
ne
Gard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Folw
eni
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Vukuzi
thath
eG
ard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Magabheni
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Um
bono
Gard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Kw
aN
dengezi
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Peace
Valle
yG
ard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Ham
mers
dale
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Sib
uzu
mdlo
bane
Gard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Um
lazi
"Y"
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Into
yeth
uG
ard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Ham
mers
dale
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Phandaphansi
Gard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Izule
lisha
Gard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Kw
a X
imba
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Masi
bam
isane
Gard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Kw
a X
imba
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Silw
anendla
laG
ard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Mkhiz
wane
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Ukukhanyakw
egugu
Gard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Mzi
nyati
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Sib
am
bene
Gard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Mzi
nyati
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Khula
ni N
ol
Gard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Maphepheth
eni
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Thubelih
leG
ard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Inch
anga
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Impum
ele
loPoultry
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Nyusw
aPovert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Sili
ndelo
kuhle
Poultry
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Nyusw
aPovert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Maiv
usa
ne
Poultry
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Kw
a X
imba
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
Yes
Isondlo
Poultry
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Um
lazi
APovert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
No
ETH
EKW
INI
AG
RIC
ULTU
RAL S
TATU
S Q
UO
PREPARED
BY:
INSTIT
UTE O
F N
ATU
RAL R
ESO
URCES
94
Mvunge
Poultry
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Adm
ans
Mis
sion
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
No
Zip
hath
ele
ni
Poultry
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Ngonyam
eni
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
No
Ngobin
dla
laG
ard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
No
Hle
rgim
pilo
Gard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
No
Lim
aG
ard
en
Povert
y A
llevia
tion
Povert
y A
llevia
tion D
AEA
No
KZ
N D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F A
GR
IC
ULT
UR
E A
ND
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NT
AL A
FFA
IR
S P
RO
JE
CT
S
CO
DE
NA
ME
TY
PE
SFO
CU
SW
AR
DS
OR
GA
NIS
AT
IO
NG
PS
'd
1999/D
BN
/28/1
Buhle
besi
zwe M
ed P
lant
Nurs
ery
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Kw
aXim
ba
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/28/4
Masi
bum
bane
Nurs
ery
Youth
in A
gricu
lture
Kw
am
ash
uKZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/28/5
Gold
en S
teps
Nurs
ery
Youth
in A
gricu
lture
Haze
lmere
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/35/1
S D
ass
Tunnel
Nurs
ery
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Phoenix
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/38/1
Nqala
buth
o F
ruit
Deci
duous
Fru
itIn
com
e G
enera
ting
Xim
ba
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/39/1
0Everg
reen
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
Inanda
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/39/1
2Eta
fule
ni
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
Inanda
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/39/2
6G
lebe
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
Inanda
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/39/5
Mopela
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
Mophela
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/39/7
Marianhill
Gard
enin
gVegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
Marianhill
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/39/9
Eyeth
uVegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
Mpum
ala
nga
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/6/1
Mase
them
bane
Bro
ilers
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Kw
aXim
ba
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/6/3
Senzo
kuhle
Bro
ilers
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Kw
aXim
ba
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/6/4
Muntu
ngabantu
Bro
ilers
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Kw
aXim
ba
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/6/5
Hla
nganani M
aXim
ba
Bro
ilers
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Kw
aXim
ba
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/24/1
Fre
dvill
eIr
rigation
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Inch
anga
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/24/2
Isithum
ba
Irrigation
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Kw
aXim
ba
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/28/1
1W
est
park
Sch
ool
Nurs
ery
Youth
in A
gricu
lture
Queensb
urg
hKZN
DAEA
Yes
ETH
EKW
INI
AG
RIC
ULTU
RAL S
TATU
S Q
UO
PREPARED
BY:
INSTIT
UTE O
F N
ATU
RAL R
ESO
URCES
95
2000/D
BN
/28/1
2Ziz
am
ele
Nurs
ery
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Marianhill
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/28/2
Kw
ath
intw
aN
urs
ery
Youth
in A
gricu
lture
Inch
anga
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/28/3
Mpum
ala
nga (
youth
)N
urs
ery
Youth
in A
gricu
lture
Mpum
ala
nga
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/28/6
Spes
Nova
Nurs
ery
Youth
in A
gricu
lture
Phoenix
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/28/7
Savanah P
ark
Nurs
ery
Youth
in A
gricu
lture
Savanah P
ark
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/28/9
Inanda S
peci
al Sch
ool
Nurs
ery
Youth
in A
gricu
lture
New
lands
East
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/31/8
Sekusi
leSew
ing
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Kw
am
ash
uKZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/38/1
Inco
nco
siD
eci
duous
Fru
itIn
com
e G
enera
ting
Xim
ba
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/38/2
Msu
nduze
Deci
duous
Fru
itIn
com
e G
enera
ting
Xim
ba
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/39/1
3Siy
aphakam
aVegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
Kw
aN
dengezi
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/39/1
9Vukani
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
Marianhill
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/39/3
Em
aro
meni
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
Marianhill
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/39/6
Ekusi
zaneni
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
Kw
am
ash
uKZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/39/7
Zip
hem
bele
ni
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
Best
er
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/39/9
Nci
nci
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
Mpum
ala
nga
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/6/1
0Zithokozi
seBro
ilers
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Marianhill
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/6/5
Sankonts
he
Bro
ilers
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Mpum
ala
nga
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/D
BN
/6/9
Siy
aqhubeka
Bro
ilers
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Kw
aN
dengezi
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/D
BN
/24/2
Bhobhonono
Irrigation
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Xim
ba
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2002/D
BN
/6/7
Siy
anqoba
Bro
ilers
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Kw
aN
dengezi
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/3
1/1
Mahla
mvin
iSew
ing
Inco
me G
enera
ting
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/3
9/1
6H
lanze
ni
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/3
9/1
7M
angangeni
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/3
9/2
0Ekuth
ule
ni
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/3
9/2
2Siz
anani
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/3
9/2
3N
tinyane
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/3
9/2
5Sophum
ele
laVegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
ETH
EKW
INI
AG
RIC
ULTU
RAL S
TATU
S Q
UO
PREPARED
BY:
INSTIT
UTE O
F N
ATU
RAL R
ESO
URCES
96
1999/U
MB/3
9/2
6M
asi
siza
ne
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Youth
in A
gricu
lture
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/3
9/4
Intu
thuko y
am
ath
uli
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/3
9/5
Adam
s/ A
math
osa
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/3
9/6
Nkanyis
weni
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/3
9/7
Mkhaze
ni
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/3
9/9
Masa
khane
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/6
/1U
bam
bis
wano
Bro
ilers
Inco
me G
enera
ting
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/U
MB/3
1/2
South
Gate
Sew
ing
Inco
me G
enera
ting
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/U
MB/3
9/1
0Them
beni
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/U
MB/3
9/6
Nom
pum
ele
loVegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/U
MB/3
9/8
Sim
unye
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/U
MB/3
9/9
Siy
eth
em
ba
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/U
MB/5
/2Bheja
ne
Pig
geries
Inco
me G
enera
ting
KZN
DAEA
Yes
1999/U
MB/5
/2Zam
ani
Pig
geries
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Sobonakhona
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2000/U
MB/6
/3Zakheni
Bro
ilers
Inco
me G
enera
ting
UN
KN
OW
NKZN
DAEA
Yes
2002/U
MB/2
8/3
Sukum
aN
urs
ery
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Sobonakhona
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2002/U
MB/3
9/6
Thib
indla
laVegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Food S
ecu
rity
Sobonakhona
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2002/U
MB/6
/5N
kukhw
ini
Bro
ilers
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Zw
elib
om
vu
KZN
DAEA
Yes
2002/u
mb/6
/9Thath
igxath
iBro
ilers
Inco
me G
enera
ting
Sobonakhona
KZN
DAEA
Yes
ETH
EKW
INI
AG
RIC
ULTU
RAL S
TATU
S Q
UO
PREPARED
BY:
INSTIT
UTE O
F N
ATU
RAL R
ESO
URCES
97
KZ
N D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F A
GR
IC
ULT
UR
E A
ND
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NT
AL A
FFA
IR
S P
RO
JE
CT
S W
IT
HO
UT
GP
S C
OO
RD
IN
AT
ES
DIS
TR
IC
TC
ON
TA
CT
PH
ON
E N
O.
AG
RIC
PR
OJE
CT
SN
AM
E O
F P
RO
JE
CT
LO
CA
TIO
NG
PS
'D
Mpum
ala
nga
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Nhlo
swenhle
Mpum
ala
nga
No
Veru
lam
Irrigation
Siy
apham
bili
Veru
lam
No
Ntu
zum
aIr
rigation
Sezo
kuhle
Ntu
zum
aN
o
Unknow
nIr
rigation
Siy
ath
uth
uka
Unknow
nN
o
Phoenix
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Zip
hili
sePhoenix
No
Um
bum
bulu
Nurs
ery
Um
nin
iU
mbum
bulu
No
Um
bum
bulu
Nurs
ery
Um
vuza
ne
Um
bum
bulu
No
Um
bum
bulu
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Madundube
Um
bum
bulu
No
Um
bum
bulu
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Zenze
leU
mbum
bulu
No
Um
bum
bulu
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Xosh
indla
laU
mbum
bulu
No
Um
bum
bulu
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Siy
ath
uth
uka
Um
bum
bulu
No
Um
bum
bulu
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Vulio
ndle
laU
mbum
bulu
No
Um
bum
bulu
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Ngole
laU
mbum
bulu
No
Um
bum
bulu
Nurs
ery
Siy
apham
bili
Um
bum
bulu
No
Um
bum
bulu
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
Masa
khane
Um
bum
bulu
No
Unknow
nIr
rigation
Isule
thu /
Im
pofa
na
Unknow
nN
o
Nhla
zuka
Nurs
ery
Madots
heni nurs
ery
Nhla
zuka
No
Zw
elib
om
vu
Nurs
ery
Vukuze
nze
leZw
elib
om
vu
No
ETH
EKW
INI
AG
RIC
ULTU
RAL S
TATU
S Q
UO
PREPARED
BY:
INSTIT
UTE O
F N
ATU
RAL R
ESO
URCES
98
OT
HE
R P
RO
JE
CT
S L
OC
AT
ED
WIT
HIN
ET
HE
KW
IN
I M
UN
IC
IP
ALIT
Y
OR
GA
NIS
AT
IO
ND
IS
TR
IC
TC
ON
TA
CT
PH
ON
E N
O.
AG
RIC
PR
OJE
CT
SN
AM
E O
F P
RO
JE
CT
LO
CA
TIO
NG
PS
'D
DE
PA
RT
ME
NT
OF S
OC
IA
L W
ELFA
RE
AN
D P
OP
ULA
TIO
N D
EV
ELO
PM
EN
T (
DS
WP
D)
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Maphum
ulo
Falls
outs
ide e
Thekw
ini
N/A
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Um
lazi
GS Z
ungu
083 5
24 3
870
Poultry
Thuth
uka C
o-o
pN
gonyam
eni
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Um
bum
bulu
PT M
uth
wa
031 9
15 0
155
Poultry
Them
banani
Mdum
ezu
lu S
chool
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Um
bum
bulu
PT M
uth
wa
031 9
15 0
155
Poultry
Eza
kaheni
Thule
ni Are
aN
o
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Um
bum
bulu
PT M
uth
wa
031 9
15 0
155
Poultry
Zam
ani
Nhla
zuka
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Um
bum
bulu
PT M
uth
wa
031 9
15 0
155
Poultry
Zib
am
bele
ni
Nungw
ane A
rea
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Um
bum
bulu
PT M
uth
wa
031 9
15 0
155
Nurs
ery
Am
andlo
bum
ano
Kw
am
akhuth
aN
o
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Um
bum
bulu
PT M
uth
wa
031 9
15 0
155
Gard
enin
gIm
both
imuni
Imboth
ini
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Kw
a-M
ash
uN
Maduna
031 5
03 1
811
Com
munity G
ard
en
Senze
ni
Kw
a-M
ash
uN
o
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Mpum
ala
ngA
B P
am
la073 2
32 1
148
No
ne
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Ndw
edw
eZ M
bangi
072 2
46 1
890
Poultry
Sih
langene
Nodw
engu
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Ndw
edw
eZ M
bangi
072 2
46 1
890
Gard
enin
g a
nd P
oultry
Kw
a-C
hili
Fla
gsh
ipKw
a-C
hili
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Ndw
edw
eZ M
bangi
072 2
46 1
890
Gard
enin
g a
nd P
oultry
Mangangeni Fla
gsh
ipM
angangeni
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Ndw
edw
eZ M
bangi
072 2
46 1
890
Gard
enin
gEnkulu
lekw
eni Clu
bM
qeku A
rea
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Ndw
edw
eZ M
bangi
072 2
46 1
890
Gard
enin
gSip
ham
andla
Clu
bO
phis
weni
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Ndw
edw
eZ M
bangi
072 2
46 1
890
Poultry
Ziz
am
ele
Wom
en's
Clu
bEm
thebeni
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Ndw
edw
eZ M
bangi
072 2
46 1
890
Gard
enin
gThuth
ukani Clu
bU
mzi
nyath
iN
o
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Ndw
edw
eZ M
bangi
072 2
46 1
890
Gard
enin
gM
asi
bam
bis
ane C
lub
Mona
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Ndw
edw
eZ M
bangi
072 2
46 1
890
Gard
enin
gM
asa
khane C
lub
Em
thebeni
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Ndw
edw
eZ M
bangi
072 2
46 1
890
Gard
enin
gThandanani Pro
ject
Esi
dum
bin
iN
o
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Pin
eto
wn
N M
afu
leka
072 4
58 4
589
Poultry
Bhekis
isa P
oultry
Farm
ing
Kw
aN
gco
losi
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Pin
eto
wn
N M
afu
leka
072 4
58 4
589
Gard
enin
gThandanani Pro
ject
Zw
elib
om
vu
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Pin
eto
wn
N M
afu
leka
072 4
58 4
589
Gard
enin
gEm
pilw
eni Vegeta
ble
sCle
rmont
No
ETH
EKW
INI
AG
RIC
ULTU
RAL S
TATU
S Q
UO
PREPARED
BY:
INSTIT
UTE O
F N
ATU
RAL R
ESO
URCES
99
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Sta
nger
Falls
outs
ide e
Thekw
ini
N/A
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Durb
an
BC N
kabin
de
083 4
00 1
266
No
ne
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Inanda
N K
ubheka
083 5
09 3
933
Gard
enin
gZip
hem
bele
ni
Best
er
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Inanda
N K
ubheka
083 5
09 3
933
Gard
enin
gN
qobin
dla
laEta
fule
ni
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Phoenix
S M
yandu
072 5
00 6
112
Tunnel fa
rmin
gPhoenix
Povert
y R
educt
ion A
ssoci
ation
No
Dept.
of
Soci
al W
elfare
Chats
wort
hS S
ubra
money
N
on
e
N
o
OR
GA
NIS
AT
IO
ND
IS
TR
IC
TC
ON
TA
CT
PH
ON
E N
O.
AG
RIC
PR
OJE
CT
SN
AM
E O
F P
RO
JE
CT
LO
CA
TIO
NG
PS
'D
ET
HE
KW
IN
I M
UN
IC
IP
ALIT
Y
Eco
nom
ic D
evelo
pm
ent
Unit
Um
bum
bulu
S N
kosi
083 2
89 6
977
Indig
enous
Medic
ine
Indig
enous
Medic
ine
Um
bum
bulu
No
Eco
nom
ic D
evelo
pm
ent
Unit
Inanda
L B
aars
083 2
88 8
789
Org
anic
Farm
ing
Org
anic
Farm
ing
Inanda
No
Urb
an S
trate
gy
Magabheni
K B
reets
ke
083 4
54 9
812
Gard
enin
gM
agabheni
No
Park
s and R
ecr
eation/R
ura
l ABM
Off
ice
Um
bum
bulu
A N
aid
oo
083 4
54 9
812
Gard
enin
gN
kanysw
eni
Um
bum
bulu
Yes
Park
s and R
ecr
eation/R
ura
l ABM
Off
ice
ePolw
eni
A N
aid
oo
083 4
54 9
812
Gard
enin
gVukani
ePolw
eni
Yes
Park
s and R
ecr
eation/R
ura
l ABM
Off
ice
Nts
hongw
eni
A N
aid
oo
083 4
54 9
812
Gard
enin
gM
agaba
Nts
hongw
eni
Yes
Park
s and R
ecr
eation/R
ura
l ABM
Off
ice
Zw
elim
bovu
A N
aid
oo
083 4
54 9
812
Gard
enin
gBuhle
bem
velo
Zw
elim
bovu
Yes
Park
s and R
ecr
eation/R
ura
l ABM
Off
ice
Molw
eni
A N
aid
oo
083 4
54 9
812
Gard
enin
gH
legim
pilo
Molw
eni
Yes
Park
s and R
ecr
eation/R
ura
l ABM
Off
ice
Nco
nco
siA N
aid
oo
083 4
54 9
812
Gard
enin
gM
asi
vusa
ne
Nco
nco
siN
o
Park
s and R
ecr
eation/R
ura
l ABM
Off
ice
Redcl
iff
A N
aid
oo
083 4
54 9
812
Gard
enin
gThuth
ukani
Redcl
iff
Yes
Park
s and R
ecr
eation/R
ura
l ABM
Off
ice
Dass
enhoek
A N
aid
oo
083 4
54 9
812
Gard
enin
gM
anse
nse
ni
Dass
enhoek
Yes
Park
s and R
ecr
eation/R
ura
l ABM
Off
ice
Osi
ndis
weni
A N
aid
oo
083 4
54 9
812
Gard
enin
gZam
okhule
Osi
ndis
weni
Yes
Park
s and R
ecr
eation/R
ura
l ABM
Off
ice
Nqabeni
A N
aid
oo
083 4
54 9
812
Gard
enin
gSin
am
uva
Nqabeni
Yes
Park
s and R
ecr
eation/R
ura
l ABM
Off
ice
Mkhzw
ane/M
qeco
A N
aid
oo
083 4
54 9
812
Gard
enin
gLin
deni
Mkhzw
ane/M
qeco
Yes
ETH
EKW
INI
AG
RIC
ULTU
RAL S
TATU
S Q
UO
PREPARED
BY:
INSTIT
UTE O
F N
ATU
RAL R
ESO
URCES
100
ET
HE
KW
IN
I C
OM
MU
NIT
Y
FO
UN
DA
TIO
N
eThekw
ini Com
munity F
oundation
Sabonakhona
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
No
eThekw
ini Com
munity F
oundation
Sabonakhona
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
No
eThekw
ini Com
munity F
oundation
Sabonakhona
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
No
eThekw
ini Com
munity F
oundation
Sabonakhona
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
No
eThekw
ini Com
munity F
oundation
Sabonakhona
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
No
eThekw
ini Com
munity F
oundation
Sabonakhona
Vegeta
ble
Pro
duct
ion
No
HE
IFE
R I
NT
ER
NA
TIO
NA
L S
OU
TH
AFR
IC
A
Heifer
Inte
rnational Pro
ject
sD
airy/layers
/gard
ens
Heifer
Inte
rnational Pro
ject
sN
o
Heifer
Inte
rnational Pro
ject
sCatt
le/g
oats
/layers
Heifer
Inte
rnational Pro
ject
sN
o
Heifer
Inte
rnational Pro
ject
sLayers
/gard
ens
Heifer
Inte
rnational Pro
ject
sN
o
Heifer
Inte
rnational Pro
ject
sLayers
/gard
ens
Heifer
Inte
rnational Pro
ject
sN
o
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES101
Appendix 2
LIST OF CONTACTS
AFRISCO ECOCERT
012 349 1070
www.afrisco.net
Allerton Veterinary Laboratory
033 – 3471931
Chef Mushrooms
Assegay
Dave Aitken
031 765 7143
Clover Industries Limited
Mr R Suhr (Field Officer)
082 4933 846
Department of Social Welfare, Durban
Programme Unit
031 3368700
Department of Health, Durban
Nutrition Section
Thobi Zondi (Community Nutritionist)
031 - 3277845
Durban Fresh produce Market
Municipal Manager: Mr Tolseram
031 – 3115118
Greater Durban Community Foundation
Gary Cullen
031 304 6031
culleng@gdcf.org.za
Gromor / National Plant Food
Hagen, Rolf
Cato Ridge
031 7823105
Hartzell, James
Organic Agriculture Association of SA
KZN representative
031 768 1187
www.oaasa.co.za
Heifer International - South Africa
Gavin MacGregor
Hillcrest
031 – 777 1374
Industrial Development Corporation
KwaZulu Natal Office
Durban
031 – 337 4455
Illovo Sugar - Sezela Mill
Small cane growers
Terry Harding
039 975 8000
083 259 4835
Ithala Development Finance Corp.
Main Branch in Durban 031 - 9078911
Umlazi Branch 031 - 9071155
KwaMashu, Durban
ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO
PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES102
Landbank
Pietermaritzburg
033 – 342 8961
Mkondeni Fresh Produce Market
Marlene Meyer
033 – 3863300
Natural Resources Section
KZNDAEA
Cedara Agricultural Research Station
033 3559 100
Nestle SA (Pty) Ltd
Gary Smith
082 805 2707
033 7011226
Pick and Pay Distribution Centre
031 700 6000
Poole, Simon
Market Agent (Fresh produce)
033 386 1261
Premier Fruits (Exporter)
Steve Beghin
031 7673875
Romac
Ballito
032 9470515
SAPPI Saiccor
Umkomaas
039 973 8911
Scheepes, Anton
Agricultural Marketing - Pietermaritzburg
033 396 3857
State Veterinarian: Durban
031 3683376
State Veterinarian: Pietermaritzburg
Chief Technician: Kevin le Roux
033 – 347 6248
State Veterinarian: Tongaat
Dr Mavusa
032 9446492
Thandroyen, Logie
Isivande Market Agency
Durban
031 4654610
The Valley Trust
Richard Haigh
Bothas Hill
031 – 777 1955
Tongaat Huletts - Maidstone Mill
Vee Govender
032 4395511
Triple A Feedlots
Jeff Cornelius (Livestock buyer)
Greytown
033 5691322
Triple C Feedlots
Greytown
034 – 218 1177