Post on 26-May-2020
4-10-2016
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Workshop Realizing (nearly) Zero Energy Hospital Buildings
togetherWim MaassenLeading Professional – Royal HaskoningDHV
TU/e Fellow – Eindhoven University of Technology
September 27th 2016
Royal HaskoningDHV
Amsterdam VU Medical Center
Multi disciplines, Energy Master Planning, Imaging Center, Diagnostic Center, BREEAM
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Content
• Introduction
• REHVA‐TVVL project
• Thermal Comfort in Hospital Wards ‐Mike van Osta
• Renovation existing Policlinic (AMC Amsterdam)
• Workshop
• Results REHVA‐TVVL Workshop
• Wrap up
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User(s) central
[Picture above: D/DOCK]
Healing
Safe,
Fast,
and
Comfortable
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Important
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DRAFT ‐ NL nZEB definitions (July 2015)Building function Energy demand
[kWh/m2.y]
Energy use
[kWh/m2.y]
Sustainable
energy [%]
Health Care
facilities
65 120 50
ΔEPC(2015)
-/- 50%
EPC in 2020 ca. 50% lower !
nZEB ‐ Legislation new buildings from 2020
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MJA3 ‐ AMCs
Goal 30% reduction in 2020 (15 years)
Still 18% to save untill 2020 (6 years to go)
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nZEB 2020New Buildings
Enforcement measures with payback period less than 5 years
MJA3, Energy Efficiency Directive
Route
Current situation
(intermediate)goalsprojects
Sustainability policy
EPC 2016
nZEB 2050Existing buildings
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Approach
1. Ambition
2. 0‐measurement
3. Quick Wins & Optimize
4. Planning / Roadmap
5. Monitoring / measuring the effects
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Example – Result
Annemarie BrouwerEnergy Coordinator VUmc
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Project: nZEB Hospital Buildings
Royal HaskoningDHV executes project with Eindhoven University of Technology.
Supported by TVVL and REHVA.
Goal:
• Give information and insight in nZEB developments
• Contribute to the road to nZEB
Focus:
• Existing Hospitals: energy saving potential and measures
• New Hospitals: optimized solutions and realistic nZEB definitions
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Related research projects:
• Reduced ventilation for isolation rooms (AMC Rotterdam)
• Renovation existing Policlinic (AMC Amsterdam)
• Feasibility NL nZEB Hospital definitions
• Closing the Energy Performance Gap
• Transformation of multi‐ to one‐patient rooms (AMC Utrecht)
Project: nZEB Hospital Buildings
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Energy Use AMC
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Energy demand AMC: ventilation, heating & cooling
Schoenmakers I., 2014, A systematic approach to obtain energy reduction in the complex HVAC systems of UMCs, MSc thesis TU/e. Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Energy demand AMC: Ventilation, heating & cooling
Schoenmakers I., 2014, A systematic approach to obtain energy reduction in the complex HVAC systems of UMCs, MSc thesis TU/e. Eindhoven, Netherlands
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NL nZEB Hospital Buildings scores
Variants Energy demand
[kWh/m2.y]
Energy use
[kWh/m2.y]
Sustainable energy
[%]
Draft NL nZEB Definitions 65 120 50
Existing NL Hospitals 200 300 ?
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nZEB approach (Trias Energetica)
3Use fossilenergy
efficiently
1Reduce energy demand
2Apply sustainable energy sources
Trias Energetica method
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nZEB approach (5‐step)
3Use fossilenergy
efficiently
1Reduce energy demand
2Apply sustainable energy sources
5Use fossil energy
efficiently
1
User demand & behaviour
2Reduce energy demand
3Apply sustainable energy sources
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Energy exchange and storage systems
Trias Energetica method
Five step method
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nZEB approach – User Central
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nZEB approach – Energy Exchange & Storage
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nZEB approach – Energy Exchange & Storage
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Step Measures
1. User demand & Behaviour
Lower internal heat loads (more use of stand by mode), smart zoning of the building, smart positioning of building functions, smart and individual control systems (human in the loop, SR ventilation), low flow fume hoods, low energy consuming MRI, combining processes/equipment/test set ups, education of users
2. Reduce Energy Demand
Insulation, envelope airtightness, heat recovery ventilation/hot tapwater, use daylight, thermal mass, positioning of functions and integral design to make application of technologies possible e.g. natural/hybrid ventilation of wards, better Air Handling Units, larger ducts to reduce ventilation energy, variable air flow systems (airflow management), LED lighting, Less heating and cooling (change standards), energy efficient appliances, less or no humidification (clay products for dehumidification in ceilings), use BMS and monitoring to reduce energy consumption and to show and guarantee that systems perform as they should, less tap water stations with hot water supply.
3. Apply Sustainable& Energy Sources
Photovoltaic solar cells, biomass, wind energy, adiabatic cooling
4. Energy Exchange& Storage
Long term energy storage in the soil/acquifer (LTES), short term energy storage (buffers, Phase Change Materials), Concrete Core Activation (TABS), Exchange energy between internal/external functions
5. Efficient use offossil energy
High efficient boilers, chillers, heat pumps, cogeneration of heat and power
nZEB approach (5‐step) ‐Measures
Thermal Comfort in Hospital Wards
Mike van OstaMaster Student Building Physics and Services Eindhoven University of Technology
[Picture: D/DOCK]
Research Results ‐ Thermal comfort in hospital wards
• Heating / Cooling• Ventilation• Lighting
• Comfort• Controlability• Privacy• Shorter lenght of stay• Lower pain sensations
System
User
• Daylight• View• Acoustics• Art and aesthetics• Wayfinding• Autonomy
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Research Results ‐ Thermal comfort in hospital wards
• Single patient rooms
– Larger floor area
– More privacy
– Infection prevention
– Longer conversations with doctors
– Longer visiting hours possible
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Research Results ‐ Thermal comfort in hospital wards
Department 1981 2016
Long stay
Medium/ short stay
Daycare
60% more clinical admissions9 times more day care admissions
Reduction in total admision days
50% shorter length of stay
(CBS, 2008 ; DHD, 2013)
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Research Results ‐ Thermal comfort in hospital wards
• Thermal Comfort– Actual Mean Vote (AMV) – Predicted Mean Vote (PMV)
– Adaptive Comfort Limits
• Influence on indoor environment– Regulating air temperature
– Regulating ventilation
– Operable windows
– Sun exposure
– Lighting
– Sound
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Research Results ‐ Thermal comfort in hospital wards
Heated/ Cooled ventilation air Concrete Core ActivationOperable windows
Hospital A Hospital B
(RHDHV)
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Research Results ‐ Thermal comfort in hospital wards
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Research Results ‐ Thermal comfort in hospital wards
• Lower air temperature measured in Hospital B– Operable windows
– Lower outside temperatures
– Less sun exposure (building design)
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Research Results ‐ Thermal comfort in hospital wards
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Research Results ‐ Thermal comfort in hospital wards
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Research Results ‐ Thermal comfort in hospital wards
• Measured temperature Hospital A higher
• PMV Hospital A better
• AMV not equal to PMV both Hospitals
• AMV Hospital B better
• How thermal comfort is experienced cannot be predicted by the PMV alone.
• Small amount of people say they want to regulate air temperature.
• Influence patients want: Openable windows, Additional blanket, Thermoblanket
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Roadmap to nZEB HospitalCase Study: Existing Policlinic
Wim MaassenLeading Professional – Royal HaskoningDHV
TU/e Fellow – Eindhoven University of Technology
May 23rd 2016
[Picture: D/DOCK]
Method
• In‐Depth Analysis of Case Study
• nZEB‐Design Approach
• Building Energy Simulations
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In‐Depth Analysis of Case Study
• Extended life time 10 to 30 years
• No reliable design and monitoring data
• No thorough recommissioning
• Energy costs reduction of € 300,000.– per year realized by professional optimization
5Use fossil energy
efficiently
1
User demand & behaviour
2Reduce energy demand
3Apply sustainable energy sources
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Energy exchange and storage systems
Five step method
nZEB‐Design Approach
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nZEB‐Design Approach
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Step Measures
1. User demand & Behaviour
• Occupancy‐based smart controls ventilation, heating and cooling
• Occupancy‐based smart control lighting and equipment
2. Reduce Energy Demand
• Upgrade HVAC system (CAV=>VAV)
• Upgrade building envelope
• Upgrade lighting systems
nZEB‐Design Approach
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HVAC OCCUPATION ENVELOPE
Type I – CAV
Type 0 – Constant
Type 0 – Current
II – VAV 1 – Stochastic 1 – Improved
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Results
• CAV => ‐/‐ 15% (incl. envelope)
• VAV => ‐/‐ 30% (incl. envelope)
‐/‐ 20% (excl. envelope)
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Conclusions
• Draft NL nZEB definitions – ambitious !
• Energy reduction in Hospital Buildings not (yet) a real priority
• nZEB‐Design Approach: adequate and showing significant energy saving potential
• Energy Simulation: shows 20% reduction potential of heating and cooling in treatment rooms
Start with setting ambitions, organization, base case performance, monitoring.
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Workshop
• Split into teams (5-10 persons)
• Create an energy neutral building: fill out matrix and answer questions (10-15 min)
• One person gives a short feedback of the results (design approach, top 5 solutions) to the other teams using matrix, etc. (1-2 min)
• Teams vote for best team results => Winner!
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Workshop
• How can Hospital Buildings achieve nZEB?
• What are the most promising technical solutions?
• What is necessary to implement these solutions in practice?
• How can TVVL stimulate the above?
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5Use fossil energy
efficiently
1
User demand & behaviour
2Reduce energy demand
3Apply sustainable energy sources
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Energy exchange and storage systems
Five step method
nZEB‐Design Approach
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Step Measures
1. User demand & Behaviour
2. Reduce Energy Demand
3. Apply Sustainable & Energy Sources
4. Energy Exchange &Storage
5. Efficient use of fossilenergy
Workshop
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Results REHVA‐TVVL Workshop
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REHVA‐TVVL Workshop Results
• How can Hospital Buildings achieve nZEB?
– Health and safety requirements make it difficult.
– Great energy reduction possible.
– Proposed methods useful.
• What are the most promising technical solutions?
– See table (5‐step method)
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REHVA‐TVVL Workshop Results
• What is necessary to implement these solutions in practice?
– Operate Hospitals not stand‐alone with reliable energy supply
– Use energy exchange and storage on local and district scale
– Research results showing that health risks (risks to patient safety) will not increase when implementing energy‐efficient solutions.
– Knowledge sharing and users’ engagements
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REHVA‐TVVL Workshop Results
• How can REHVA stimulate the above?
– Communicate with Hospital users (e.g. brochures, presentations, workshops, and guidebooks).
– Have meetings with stakeholders of medical centers in different countries (e.g. a first meeting in London was suggested), including ASHRAE Technical Committee 9.6 on healthcare facilities)‐ Gathering and producing evidence of best practices ( e.g. research studies, project references and guidebooks).
– Develop a dedicated REHVA Guidebook (together with ASHRAE)
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Wrap‐up
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Thank you for your attention!
For more information contact:
Wim Maassenwim.maassen@rhdhv.comT +31 6 537 05 294
Healthcare: www.royalhaskoningdhv.com/healthcarenZEB: www.royalhaskoningdhv.com/nzeb
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