Skills to turn good pictures into Great Photos!

Beginning Photography

• Using Your Camera• Shooting Modes• Camera Pre-Sets• Fine-tuning adjustments

•Understanding Exposure

• Composition the Image• Rules of Thirds

• Q & A• Resources Available

Class Content

The exposure triangle

Light

Its COLOR photography

Color

What stories can You tell?

Tell a StoryWhich Stories do you keep?

Save a Memory

Dramatic Impacts

B & WLimitless potential

Creativity

Components & Trade-offs

Exposure

• ISO | Sensitivity to light

• rating was established in “film days”• use corresponding rating depending on available light• values of 100, 200, 400 (now 800, 1600, 3200, etc.)

Exposure Factors

Shutter Speed | (Tv)• Duration of the image capture

• measured in seconds (or fractions)

• 1/60, 1/125, 1/320, 1/1000Aperture | (Av)• Size of lens opening• Measured in focal ratio stops (f

stops)• f = focal length / entrance

diameter (f/2.8 = 200mm / 72mm)

• Each Camera has its own threshold

• Quality post-processing can often compensate for noise

• LIGHTING VARIATIONS & ISO SETTING• 100 bright Sun• 200 bright Sun, morning / early evening, slight overcast• 400 overcast, waning light, well-lit indoor (natural light)• 800 indoor (non-natural) light, after sunset, before

sunrise• 1600 stadiums, arenas, theaters• AUTO – changing lighting situations when you need to

“get the shot”

ISO

• Each Camera has its threshold

• Quality post-processing can often compensate for noise

ISO

• near universal options from slow (3 seconds) to fast (1/2000 second)

• some have remote and/or manual shutter speed options.

• consider lens length for stability in longer lenses (>50mm)

• RULE: slowest speed to avoid camera shake effect = 1/lens length

• THRESHOLD SHUTTER SPEED SETTINGS• < 1/60 tripod necessary

• 1/60 to 1/125 casual shots, portraits, stills

• 1/250 to 1/400 “slow” action (e.g. runners, children playing, gentle river, geese)

• 1/500 to 1/1000 sprinters, ball sports, fish, hawks

• >1/1000when available, (e.g. lighting) better stop of action

• Remember stability factor

• e.g. 200mm lens needs 1/200 just to account for camera shake. • Fast basketball action needs >1/640 to freeze passes, quick cuts, etc.

SHUTTER SPEED

1/1000 1/125 1/3

• most efficient factor for light gathering

• influence on depth of image view

• IDEAL APERTURE SETTING FOR SITUATIONS• f/1.8 to f/2.8 low-light situations

• f/8 to f/11 outdoor light

• f/16 > intense light

APERTURE

Aperture

Depth of Field Visual

Exposure Triangle

Exposure Triangle

SIMPLIFY: 1st Remove ISO

Balancing Exposure• Aperture (Av)• Shutter Speed (Tv)

• Different combinations can yield the same exposure

• Trade-Offs: • Stop Motion v.

DOF

Exposure Setting Scenarios Priority Setting

Secondary Setting Balance Setting

Wildlife Good Depth of Field (Av) Stable Shutter Speed Sensitivity

SportsVery Fast Shutter Speed (Tv) High Sensitivity Wide Aperture (light)

Time Lapse

Very slow Shutter Speed (Tv) Moderate Sensitivity wide aperture

Landscapes Low Sensitivity (ISO) slower shutter speed Moderate Aperture

Portraits Good Depth of Field (Av) Stable Shutter Speed Sensitivity

Still Life Good Depth of Field (Av) Stable Shutter SpeedSensitivity (& Creativity)

Flash Photography Uses

• Low Light• indoor, night

• limited action application (e.g. 1/250)

• Shooting angles & the Sun• subject facing you – if shadows exist on face

• Dramatic Lighting Difference• Subject in shade, but bright sun in background

• Subject Emphasis

• Creative Effects• camera spin

•NOTE: Limits Shutter Speed

Enough Light + Acceptable Noise = GREAT PHOTO

ISO - Sensitivity

Enough Light for Motion Level + Acceptable DOF = GRATE PHOTO

Aperture

Stopping Motion + enough light + little noise = GREAT PHOTO

Shutter Speed

Q & A

Quick Self-Photography Lesson