Dr Michael Tan Loong PengPhD (Cambridge)Senior LecturerFaculty of Electrical EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia

SKEE1223: Digital Electronics0 Introduction&CourseOutline

Lecturer

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

Dr Michael Tan received his B. Eng. (electricaltelecommunication) and M. Eng. (electrical) degrees fromUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia, in 2003and 2006, respectively. He conducted his postgraduate researchin nanoscale MOSFET modeling at the Intel Penang DesignCenter, Penang, Malaysia. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in 2011at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. He is a seniorlecturer at UTM. He used MATLAB extensively for his researchand has published many journal articles with more than 24accumulated impact factors. Dr Michael is an IEEE member,member of IET (MIET), graduate member of IEM (GRAD IEM),and member of Queens' College.

Cambridge

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

GeneralInformation

Room: P19a0502012 Phone: 075557171 Email: michael@fke.utm.my Website:http://michael.fke.utm.my/ Notes:http://michael.fke.utm.my/download_skee1223_2014

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

LectureHours Lecture Monday2:00pm 4:00pm Thursday12:00pm 1:00pm

Lectureattendancewillbetakenmakesure>80%

Classnotes,slidesandtutorialswillbeposted:http://michael.fke.utm.my/download_skee1223_2014

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

MarksDistribution

Test1 15% Test2 15% Test3 15% Assignments/Quiz 20% Final 50%

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

CourseInformation

Thiscourseintroducesstudentsto numbersystems(2weeks) basicgates(2weeks) MSIcircuits(2weeks) flipflops(2weeks) Countersandregisters(2weeks) Memorydevices(2weeks) Logicfamilies(2weeks)

Seecourseinformationforoutcomeandcontents(downloadfromwebsite)

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

References

1. ThomasL.Floyd,"DigitalFundamentals"9hEd.,PrenticeHall,2007**

2. Tocci &Widmer,"DigitalSystems PrinciplesandApplications",10Ed.,Prentice Hall,2007.

3. M.MorrisMano,"DigitalDesign",4'hEd.PrenticeHall,2007.

**highlyrecommended

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

IntroductiontoDigitalElectronics

Whystudydigitalelectronics? Whyisitimportant? Whatisthemostbasiccomponentofdigitalelectronics?

Examplesofdigitalelectronicsystems?

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

HistoryofDigitalElectronics 1947:FirsttransistoratBellLabsbyBardeenandBrattain

1950:JunctiontransistorbyWilliamShockley

1954:FirstsilicontransistorfromTexasInstruments

1955:FieldEffectTransistor(FET)developedatBellLabs

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

HistoryofDigitalElectronics(cont.) 1958:FirstICbyJackKilbyofTexasInstruments

1960:FirstMOSFETfabricatedbyKahng ofBellLabs

1963:CMOSinventedbyFrankWanlass ofFairchildSemiconductor

1971:FirstMicroprocessor,theIntel4004with2300transistors

2006:IntelCore2Duowith820milliontransistors

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

AnalogandDigitalsignals

Analog:quantitythathascontinuous values Digital:quantitythathasdiscrete values

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

AnalogandDigitalsignals

Analog:quantitythathascontinuous values Digital:quantitythathasdiscrete values

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

AnalogQuantity

Definition:aquantitythathascontinuousvalues.

Examples Speed,time,current,sound,pressure,distance

speedometer thermometerclock sound

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

DigitalQuantity

Definition:aquantitythathasadiscrete setofvalues.

Examples: Digitalclock,digitalthermometer

DigitalthermometerDigitalclock

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

Analog

Changesoveracontinuousrangeofvalues

Analogvs.Digital

Digital

Changesinstantaneously/indiscretesteps

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my17

Analogvs.Digital

Isthisananalogordigitalsystem?

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

AnalogvsDigitalSignals Analogsignalscantakeanyvoltagevalues,i.e.1V,2.5V,23V,0.34V,etc.

Digitalsignalscantakeonlytwovoltagevalues,i.e.5Vand0V(oranytwodistinctvalues)

Forsimplicity,5Visreferredas1and0Visreferredas0

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

AnalogandDigitalSystems

Analogsystem:microphonespeaker,analogradio

Digitalsystem:computer,calculator AnalogandDigitalsystem:handphone,digitalTV

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

Advantagesofdigitalsystem

a) Easiertodesignb) Informationstorageiseasyc) Accuracyandprecisionareeasiertomaintaind) Operationcanbeprogrammede) Lessaffectedbynoisef) MoredigitalcircuitrycanbefabricatedonIC

chips

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

a)Easiertodesign

Thereareonlytwodifferentvoltagelevels tobeconsideredinthedigitalsystem.

HIGHorLOW0V

0.8V

2.0V

5.0V

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

22

b)Informationstorageiseasy

Canbekeptaslongasnecessaryindigitalmemory.

Canbestoredmorecompactly.

Cassette player cassette

CD player CD

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

c)Accuracyandprecisioneasiertomaintain Thedigitalinformationdoesnotdeteriorateonceitisstored.

Theanaloginformationmaybedistortedbytheeffectoftemperature,humidityetc.

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

d)Operationcanbeprogrammed

Itiseasytoprogramtheoperationofthedigitalsystem.

Theoperationsintheanalogsystemarecomplex,difficulttoprogram.

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

e)Lessaffectedbynoise

Theexactvoltageisnotimportantinthedigitalsystem.

Usinghigh/lowcomparisons,and0and1bits.

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

e)Moredigitalcircuitcanbefabricatedonchips Analogcomponentslike highvaluecapacitors, precisionresistors, inductorsand transformers

cannotbeeconomicallyintegrated.

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

LimitationsofDigitalSystem

Therealworldisanalog Processingdigitizedsignalstakestime

Memory

Mic

ADC DSP DAC

Speaker

DrMichaelTan,michael@fke.utm.my

Review

Defineanalog,digital Explainthedifferencebetweenadigitalquantityandananalogquantity

Giveanexampleofanalogsystemandonethatisacombinationofbothdigitalandanalog

Statetwoadvantagesofadigitalsystemcomparedtoanalog