Post on 31-Mar-2015
Catalyst! 3rd spot in your Do Now
Which bioenergetic reaction converts food in to a usable form of energy, ATP?
Which bioenergetic reaction converts the sun’s energy into a chemical form of energy, glucose? Where does this reaction happen?
ATP10/2/12
The transfer of energy
All energy on Earth comes from the sun
The transfer of energy
Autotrophs store energy from the sun in matter in a process called photosynthesis.
Autotrophs are also called producers.
The transfer of energy
Heterotrophs get their energy by eating autotrophs.
Heterotrophs are also called consumers.
The transfer of energy
Both autotrophs and heterotrophs release the potential energy stored in matter by cell respiration.
The flow of energy
Energy from the sun is captured by chloroplasts
Mitochondria change the energy made by the chloroplasts into fuel for the grass to grow.
Mitochondria change the energy made by the chloroplasts into fuel for the grass to grow.
The bunny eats the grass for energy
Complete this worksheet
Bioenergetics, independent practice
Silent Seated Solo
Controlled Energy Flow
What is the safest way to get out of a building 5 story building? Walking down
stairs Jumping out the
window Why?
Controlled Energy Flow
What is the safest way to get out of a building 5 story building? Walking down
stairs Jumping out the
window
Controlled Energy Flow
The reason why going down stairs is less dangerous is because the speed of the drop is controlled.
The fast, big drop is changed into smaller, slower drops.
vs.
The same thing happens in your body.
If you released all of the potential energy stored in matter at once, your body would light up in flames.
How does your body release
energy safely?
The Function of ATP
When you digest food, your body transfers small packets of energy from the food that you ate to a biological molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
ATP
ATPATP
ATP
The Function of ATP
After all of the energy is squeezed out of the food that you ate and transferred to ATP molecules, the dead matter is excreted.
Cell Part Number of molecules per cell
Molecules synthesized per second
ATP required per second needed for synthesis
DNA 1 0.00083 60,000
RNA 15,000 12.5 75,000
Lipids 15,000,000 12,500 65,000
Proteins 1,700,000 2,120,000 87,000
Polysaccharides 39,000 32.5 2,120,000
The Function of ATP
ATP is found in every cell of your body.
Every cell in your body uses ATP to do work.
ATP is cellular energy.
Your body is entirely powered by ATP
Practice
Write “Adenosine Triphosphate”
1. On your paper2. On your neighbor’s paper
Gotta get that!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_xZuCPIHvk
The Structure of ATP
ATP is made of: Adenine (A) Ribose
(sugar) 3 phosphates
(P)
The structure of ATP
Prefixes:
Mono 1
Di2
Tri 3
What is ATP?
Watch as Ms. Kuipers demonstrates the process of converting (changing) energy from food into a form that cells can use. In the space below, record what happens during her demonstration. (What important steps do you think you are observing?)
The Structure of ATP
Energy is stored in between the phosphate bonds.
The Structure of ATP
When a phosphate is broken off of ATP, energy is released.
This is kinetic energy that can be used to do work.
The Structure of ATP
Energy is stored in the new phosphate bond.
This is potential energy that is stored.
It’s a cycle!
1. Cellular respiration makes ATP by joining phosphate groups to ADP to make the ATP
2. The cell uses the ATP to do work. As part of this process the chemical bond between the 3rd phosphate group in the ATP is broken and energy is transfered to other molecules of the cell and lost as heat.
3. ADP and phosphate produced by the breakdown are now recycled into cellular respiration.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ya7fUkewjdA
Examples:
2H2 + O2 2H2O
You do it!
Na+ + OH- NaOH
Example
NaCl Na+ + Cl-
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
Try this challenge Question!
AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3
Graphic organizer on ATP
Which of the following correctly describes how organisms use the ADP molecule?
a) Organisms release energy for use by removing one phosphate group from the molecule.
b) Organisms break down maltose into a simpler sugar for use in protein-building.
c) Organisms absorb energy by adding one phosphate group to the molecule.
d) Organisms convert ADP into sugar to provide the organisms with a more usable form of energy.