8I HEATING AND COOLING

HEAT AND TEMPERATURE

What is heat?

What is the unit of heat?

What is temperature?

What are the units of temperature?

COOLING

Heat water in a beaker to 60°C Remove the beaker from the heat and

record the temperature every minute until it reaches 40°C

Put your results in a table Draw a line graph

LINE GRAPH CHECKLIST

I have Used mm graph paper Written a title Underlined the title with a ruler Drawn the axes with a ruler Put the independent variable on the x axis and the dependent variable

on the y axis Labeled the axes Labeled the axes with units Used a regular increase on the axes (e.g. 2,4,6 NOT 1,3,4,7) Used crosses for the data points Drawn a line of best fit (curved or straight)

CONCLUSION

What happened to the temperature over time?

Where did the heat energy go? How could you speed up this process? How could you slow it down?

HEAT AND TEMPERATURE RECAP

heat and temperature game

TEMPERATURE ESTIMATIONMy estimate (°C)

Real temperature (°C) Difference (°C)

FridgeFreezerClassroom Tap waterHot coffeeMy handOutside todayLondon todayMy armpitHot bath/shower 44 Heated swimming pool 28 The sea in summer 22 The sea in winter 13 The Caribbean sea 26 The Arctic sea -1.5 Bunsen burner safety flame 300Bunsen burner blue flame 700

HEATING

What happens to solids, liquids and gases when you heat them?

What happens to the particles when this happens?

EXPERIMENTS

CONVECTION

What is a convection current?

In which 2 states of matter does convection happen?

Convection experiment1. Place about 400mls of

water into a beaker and place on a tripod stand.

2. Start to heat the water with a bunsen burner (blue flame).

3. Carefully drop the coloured crystal into the beaker so that it is seating at the bottom of the beaker. Watch what happens.

www.abernet.org.uk

Convection experiment

Complete the diagram to show what happened.

Convection currents can be found when liquids are heated for cooking.

Convection currents in liquids

drinkmatron.com

Draw the particles and explain what happens at each stage in this convection current.

CONDUCTION AND INSULATION

What is conduction?

Name 2 good conductors

Name 2 good insulators

YOU ARE GOING TO INVESTIGATE WHICH METAL IS THE BEST CONDUCTOR

Write the Aim, Prediction, Variables, and prepare a results table.

HOMEWORK

Graph (bar chart) and conclusion

CONCLUSION The pin fell of the metal that is the best

conductor of heat first.

Make a list of the metals from best conductor to the least conductor

CONDUCTION 2

Which direction does heat ALWAYS move in?

Describe what happens to the particles when a solid conducts heat.

Why are gases bad conductors of heat?

WHY DOES YOUR HAND FEEL COLD IF YOU HOLD THE SPOON?

CONVECTION RECAP SHEET

WATER TEMPERATURE DEMO

WRITE AN EXPLANATION FOR YOUR CONVECTION DIAGRAMS

CONDUCTION DEMO

WORKSHEET

INSULATORS Materials which are very poor

conductors are called ‘thermal insulators’

Wood, cotton, cork and expanded polystyrene are good insulators

CONDUCTION How well a material conducts heat

depends on how close the particles are together… Solids are the best Then liquids Gases are terrible conductors of heat

Design a Saucepan Challenge

Which parts of the saucepan do you want to get hot and which bits do you want to keep cool?

Why?

Base

Main part of pan

HandleHolder on lid

RADIATIONRADIATION Which direction does heat move in by radiation?

Can radiation go round corners? Why?

Give 3 uses of infra-red radiaton

HOW DOES HEAT ENERGY GET TO US FROM THE SUN?

• Heat energy from the sun travels to earth by radiation.

• Since the space between the sun and the earth is a vacuum (no particles present), the heat cannot travel by conduction or convection.

Infrared Radiation

AIM: TO INVESTIGATE RADIATION IN BLACK AND SILVER FLASKS

Prediction:

Variables: Independent: Dependent: Control:

• Heat energy waves (or rays) are known as Infrared Radiation.

• Infrared Radiation waves will travel out from a hot source in all directions.

Heater

Infrared Radiation

INFRA RED RADIATION 2

Which colours absorb more infrared radiation?

Which colours reflect more infrared radiation?

Which colours emit more infrared radiation?

• Special Infrared cameras can be used to show the Infrared radiation given off by different things.

Infrared Radiation pictures

gosublogger.com

• This is a infrared image of a child’s hand holding a lizard.

• Lizards are reptiles and are cold blooded.

• Notice how the child`s hand is warm compared to the lizard.

Infrared Radiation pictures

• This is an infrared image of a person.

• What area is the hottest?

• What do you think it is?

Infrared Radiation pictures

This is an infrared image of two coffee cups containing very hot drinks.

INFRARED RADIATION PICTURES

INFRARED RADIATION PICTURES

This is a infrared image of a dear in the dark.

Since infrared cameras detect heat radiation they can see the heat from warm blooded animals in the dark.

This infrared medical scan shows an injured and healthy leg.

The bright white region shows the location of the injury, which is warmer due to the increased blood flow to the injured area.

INFRARED RADIATION PICTURES

This is a infrared image of footprints.

As this person walks away barefoot the heat left behind her feet stills glows on the ground.

INFRARED RADIATION PICTURES

This is an infrared image of a cat.

The yellow areas are the warmest and the purple areas are cool.

INFRARED RADIATION PICTURES

This is a infrared image of a tyre that has been heated by friction with the road.

Notice how the area of the tyre that touches the road glows much more brightly when you look through the infrared camera.

INFRARED RADIATION PICTURES

This is a infrared image of a zebra.

Notice how the stripes appear on the infrared.

Do you think these are the black or white stripes?

INFRARED RADIATION PICTURES

This is an infrared image of a heating element.

Even after the stove is turned off, this heating element will glow brightly in the infrared until it reaches room temperature.

INFRARED RADIATION PICTURES

Infrared Radiation pictures

This is a infrared map of global sea surface temperatures.

Infrared satellites are used to measure and track changing ocean surface temperatures to help predict weather patterns.

Infrared Radiation pictures

RADIATION EXPERIMENT

Aim Prediction Variables Method

CONCLUSION

ConclusionLevel 3 Level 4 Level 5What did you find out?Describe the pattern.

Use number examples

Explain. Use scientific vocabulary.

EVALUATION

EvaluationLevel 3 Level 4 Level 5Suggest improvements

Improvements and reasons

Evaluate the effectiveness.Explain differences in repeats.

TEMPERATURE CHANGE IN CHANGES OF STATE

What happens to the particles when a solid changes to a liquid?

What happens to the particles when a liquid changes to a gas?

What happens to temperature when a substance is changing state?

MELTING ICE PRACTICAL

Measure the temperature every minute until there is no ice left.

HEAT TRANSFER POSTER

Make a poster to show and explain all the methods of heat transfer in one of these situations: The beach The kitchen Formula 1 cars A vacuum flask

This will be assessed formally for AF2

CONCORDE WEBSITE

http://www.travelscholar.com/concorde/page03.html

ASSESSED PRACTICAL

You are going to investigate insulation This will be assessed on AF3, 4 and 5