Standard plain films: supine AP erect AP Lt. lateral decubitus

gas pattern :intraluminal , intramural

Exrtraluminal gas

Soft tissue masses

Calcification

1. What segment ?2. The caliber ? 3. The most distal point ?4. The gut mucosa ? 5. Air - fluid levels ?

The stomach: Location Pattern fluid level

Small bowel

Caliber Location Pattern fluid levels

Large bowel Caliber Location Pattern fluid levels

The Location

Assessment of mucosal pattern :

1. Plicae circularis

2. Colonic haustra

Number of loops

Lower ileum & sigmoid colon ??

Usually seen in erect position Stomach

Duodenum

Small bowel

Large bowel

Mechanical obstruction

Paralytic ileus

Acute ischemia

Inflammatory bowel disease

-Causes :

-Features:

-Causes :

-Features:

Causes :

Features of dilated large & small bowel

Gas is seen within the rectum

Causes :

Features

Sigmoid volvulus :

Causes

Features

Barium enema is CONTRAINDICATED

ERECT FILMS , additional views Causes Features

Pneumatosis

Bowel wall ischaemia

Assess : the location (two views) , the pattern the shape

Common calcifications

Rim like

Linear

Lamellar

Cloudy

Causes

Causes

Causes

In normal subject

1. Lateral & inferior edge of liver2. Spleen3. Both kidneys4. Psoas muscles 5. UB 6. Uterine indentation