Transcript of Progressivism - reform movement that responded to social challenges caused by industrialization,...
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Progressivism - reform movement that responded to social
challenges caused by industrialization, urbanization, &
immigration in 1890s & 1900s. Progressives believed honest
& efficient govt social justice.
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Mainly from middle class logic and reason for reform Honest
govt change End corruption Govt must respond to ppls needs Use
modern ideas & science to improve society
- Slide 8
- corrupt pol machines trusts & monopolies inequities safety
city services womens suffrage
- Slide 9
- Middle class progressives wanted govt to bust the trusts formed
in Gilded Age Help create more econ opportunities for the middle
class
- Slide 10
- Progressive wanted to attack problems Gap between rich &
poor Poor living conditions Poor labor conditions in factories
& mines Improve the city slums
- Slide 11
- Jacob Riis used flash photography to show the conditions in
city slums Dirty No running water Full of disease
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- The naturalist novel portrayed the struggle of common people.
Upton Sinclairs novel The Jungle provided a shocking look at
meatpacking in Chicagos stockyards.
- Slide 18
- Walter Rauschenbusch believed religion Social Reform He blended
ideas of German Socialism & American Progressivism Social
Gospel Use the Bible to lead reform Shorter work weeks No child
labor Limit trust power
- Slide 19
- Jane Addams led the settlement house movement. Hull House
Chicago; urban community center social services for immigrants and
the poor Taught English Offered nursery schools YMCA rel org
- Slide 20
- 2/3 of states abolished child labor in 1907 Massachusetts
started minimum wage in 1912 Florence Kelley founded the Womens
Trade Union League which worked for a federal minimum wage and a
national eight-hour workday.
- Slide 21
- Progressives succeeded in reducing child labor and improving
school enrollment. The United States Childrens Bureau was created
in 1912.
- Slide 22
- John Dewey pushes for a school system the forces thinking
creatively Teach history, geography, cooking, and carpentry
- Slide 23
- March 25, 1911 500 women were working at the Triangle
Shirtwaist Company They were located on the top floors of a ten
story building in New York A fire broke out and quickly spread The
women tried to escape but found the doors locked from the outside
Employers did not want employees leaving for breaks
- Slide 24
- Some women filed on to a fire escape Their weight collapsed the
fire escape causing them to fall to their death Fire truck ladders
could not reach the top floor 146 workers died
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- After the fire a Jewish immigrant from Poland named Rose
Schneiderman fought for change Fire inspectors Fire drills Unlocked
fire proof exits Automatic sprinklers
- Slide 28
- Some employers create disability or other compensation for
workers and their families in case of accidents State governments
are allowed to make laws based on workers safety Muller v. Oregon
women laundry workers can not work more then 10 hours a day
- Slide 29
- Municipal means city Municipal reformers opposed political
bosses They had trouble defeating big machines like Tammany Hall
Disaster caused municipal change 6,000 people were killed during a
hurricane in Galveston Texas in1900 causing the city to create an
emergency commission to rebuild The commission became a part in
their city government
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Galveston Texas in1900 Mantoloking NJ After Hurricane
Sandy
- Slide 33
- City mayors fought for control of utilities to end utility
monopolies Parks, homeless shelters, and kindergartens were added
to some cities
- Slide 34
- Wisconsin Gov Robert M. La Follette establishes a direct
primary Creation of Initiative Referendum Recall Direct election of
senators by the ppl
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Could not vote Rarely educated Paid poor wages if they
worked
- Slide 37
- Believed men spent earnings on alcohol Alcohol made men neglect
families and beat wives The Womens Christian Temperance Movement
grew in popularity and helped pass the 18 th amendment in 1919
banning alcohol.
- Slide 38
- Margaret Sanger founded the American Birth Control league Ida
B. Wells founded the National Association of Colored Women
- Slide 39
- Since 1860 Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton had
worked for womens suffrage The right to vote In 1919 the 19 th
amendment gave women the right to vote
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Immigrants coming to America were forced to assimilate to
American culture This Americanization advised immigrants to wear
clothing of middle class white Americans Replace the foods and
customs of there homeland Stop serving alcohol at dinner,
especially to children
- Slide 42
- Prejudice against non-whites Plessy v Ferguson allowed
segregation to spread through the South Booker T. Washington and
W.E.B. Du Bois wanted equality for African Americans 1909 National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
forms
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Youngest president to date The Teddy bear was named after him
Became president after McKinley was assassinated Known for his
Square Deal which meant he promised fairness and honesty in
government
- Slide 45
- Mine workers went on strike and owners refused to negotiate
Teddy told each side to submit to arbitration He threatened take
the mines over with the army Arbitrators granted workers a 10%
raise and a 9 hour workday instead of 10 Roosevelt called it a
square deal
- Slide 46
- Roosevelt passed 42 antitrust actions He broke up monopolies
including Standard Oil He wanted trusts regulated by the government
The Elkins Act in 1903 allowed the government to fine railroads
that gave special rates to favored shippers, a practice that hurt
farmers In 1906 he passed the Hepburn Act creating the Interstate
Commerce Commission (ICC) which set and limited railroad rates
- Slide 47
- Teddy used the Sherman Antitrust Act to stop large companies
from bullying smaller companies or cheating consumers.
- Slide 48
- After reading The Jungle He past the Pure Food and Drug Act as
well as the Meat Inspection Act It required labeling of ingredients
and strict sanitary conditions and a system for rating meat
- Slide 49
- He set aside 100 million acres for national forests, mineral
reserves, and water projects
- Slide 50
- Roosevelt closed off more than 100 million acres of
forestland.
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Taft defeats William Jennings Bryan in 1908 He was not a strong
leader like Roosevelt He angered conservationists because his
Secretary of the Interior did not favor conserving federal land The
Republican party became split between progressives and
non-progressives Taft believed monopolies were acceptable as long
as they didn'tt squeeze out smaller companies
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Roosevelt campaigned for progressive candidates He called his
new plan for progressive change New Nationalism Democrats won
control of the house
- Slide 55
- Taft - Republican Woodrow Wilson Democrat Theodore Roosevelt
Bull Moose Party
- Slide 56
- Roosevelt runs under the Bull-Moose Party On October 14
Roosevelt is shot in the lung and then gives a one hour speech
Wilson was Governor of New Jersey He challenged Big Business and
Big Government Wilson wins the election
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Reduced Tariffs Underwood Tariff Act of 1913 reduced tariff
rates from 40% to 25% Made federal income tax a law in1913 He
wanted to end monopolies In 1914 he passed the Clayton Antitrust
Act which stated certain activities businesses could not do
- Slide 59
- The Clayton Antitrust act also legalized unions, strikes,
peaceful picketing, boycotts The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was
established to enforce the law He passed the Federal Reserve Act in
1913 It created the Feral Reserve System which divided the country
into 12 districts with their own Federal reserve Bank
- Slide 60
- Wilson would win the presidency again in 1916 on the slogan of
keep the US out of the World War The US would eventually enter the
war and the Progressive era would come to a close