CHAPTER 1-3

REVIEW

Natural Environment: those things which man did not make…trees, grass, animals, people (yes people, although people reproduce, people did not design or manufacture people)

Manufactured Environment: buildings, streets, street lights, art work

What is a critics job? They evaluate the art:

They give both positive and negative judgments.

They explain the social value

They evaluate the art involved

They evaluate the appropriateness of the work toward the audience intended.

Dividing works into two groups…

The book gave the criteria: pre 1940 and post 1940. It asked you to make two columns or lists. Then place each work of art under the appropriate list:

Examples:Pre 1940 Post 1940Cassatt WarholUtamaro Hudson

Synthesize: What three ways that line can be

applied? Outline: Implied line Contour line Hatching/crosshatching-shading Value/color Expressive lines Personality Shape movement

Critiquing the ART work

Describe: the What: What is the subject matter, what are the elements and principles and where are they being used

Analyze: How is the subject matter and elements and principles being used. How do the elements and principles work together to form the whole.

Interpret: What is the work telling you, what mood do you experience, what elements and principles cause this…

Judgment: do you think the artist got a or his point across. Would you purchase the work, why or why not.

Comparing or selecting When given two works of art to compare,

start with the critiquing process of each painting

Then compare how and where the elements are being used. Discuss the elements as they are used to enhance the subject matter.

Then compare how they make you feel. Use the elements and principles to defend this choice.

Then make a judgment as to which work you relate or understand better and explain its meaning to you and if you had to choose, which one would you choose and why.

Elements of Design The basic visual symbols in the

language of ART—What the artist uses to create an artwork.

Line shape and form Space Color Value Texture

LineAn element of art that is used

to define space, contours, and outlines or suggest mass and volume. It may be a continuous mark made on a surface with a pointed tool or implied by the edges of shapes and forms

Types of line Vertical Horizontal Diagonal Curved Zigzag Implied disappearing

Ways that line vary Length-short to long Width-thin or fat Texture-rough or smooth Direction-north, south,

east, west, up or down Degree of curve-gradual

to sharp

Shape An element of art. An enclosed space

defined by other elements such as line, color, and texture.

2-dimensional Geometric-man made

Circle, rectangle, square, oval, triangle, etc…

Free-Form-nature madeIrregular, unevenSilhouettes of living things

Animals, people, trees, leaves Often occur in nature

Form 3-Dimensional objects

SpheresCubesConesPyramidsFree-form examples-clouds-tree trunks

Space An element of art that

indicates areas between, around, above, below or within something.

Either positive or negative Positive

The objects Negative

the air around the objectsthe sky and ground

ColorAn element of art with

three properties: hue, value and intensity. Also, the character of surfaces created by the response of vision on wavelengths of reflected light

ColorColor Theory:

•Primary Colors•red, blue, yellow•Secondary Colors

•The mixing of two primary colors•Orange-red + yellow•Green-blue + yellow•Purple/violet-red + blue

•Intermediate Colors•The mixing of a primary with a secondary color

•Red-orange•Blue-green•Yellow-green•Blue-violet•Red-violet

•Neutral Colors•Black, white, gray, and brown

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Color Values

TintsLightened colorsWhite with pure colors

addedShades:darkened colorcolor with black added

Color SchemesMonochromatic

One color and its valuesComplementary color

Colors opposite the color wheelAnalogous

3 – 5 colors side by side to each other on the color wheel.

Warm Yellows, oranges and reds

Cool•Blues and greens

Color Triad•Three colors equally apart on the color wheel,

Primaries, secondary's, intermediatesSplit Complementary•Variation of complementary-one color and two colors on both sides of its complementary color

Neutrals•Gray, white, black, and brown

Principles of Design The rules that govern how the artist organize

the elements of art: These principle communicate the artist intent or

meaning Rhythm Movement Balance Proportion Variety Emphasis Harmon y Unity

Rhythm Movement by the repetition of the elements Visual rhythm-received through the eyes Caused by repeating positive shapes

separated by negative spaces Random Rhythm-no apparent order Regular Rhythm-a set pattern-beat-

measurements Alternating-two motifs in a checkered board

style Flowing-repeating of wavy lines like the ocean

or hair Progressive-a motive changes in some manner

each time it is repeated

Movement The principle of art used to

create a look and feel of action and to guide the viewer’s eye through a work of art.Example: photograph of a moving car

A runner

Balance The principle of design referring

to the arrangement of the visual elements to create stability in an art work.

Four types of balanceAsymmetricalSymmetricalApproximate symmetricalradial

BalanceSymmetry (Mirror Images)

Formal-a balance arrangement in which the parts of a composition are organized so that one side duplicates or mirrors the other

Asymmetrical (balanced by weights of elements or objects)Informal-the feeling of balance attained when the visual units on either side of a vertical axis are actually different but are placed in the composition to create a “felt” balance of the total artwork.

Balance Radial balance-a balance

arrangements that results from the repetitive placement of elements radiating out from a central point

Approximate symmetry-the use of forms that are similar yet different, on either side of a vertical axis

Proportion

A design principle reflecting the size relationship of parts to one another and to a whole

VarietyA principle of designed

concerned with the illusion of differences in the elements of composition to offset unity and add interest to an artwork.

Empahsis A principle of art that makes

one part of the art dominate over the other parts

Controls the amount of attention a viewer gives to each partAn element can dominate the entire work

An area can dominate the work

HarmonyThe principle of design

that creates unity by stressing the similarities of separate but equal parts:

A condition in which the elements of an artrwork appear to fit well together

UnityA principle of design

related to the sense of wholeness that results from the successful combination of the component elements of an artwork.

Vocabulary

Line Value Aesthetics outline

Value

an element of art concerned with the lightness and darkness of colors. Darker colors are lower in value

AestheticsCreating a design or art

work for the sheer enjoyment of it. It could have absolutely no functional purpose.

OutlineLines with little variation

that describe the outer edges of shapes that appear flat.

SpaceAn element that indicates

areas between, around, above, below, or within something

Line of sightImplied lines suggested by

the direction in which figures in a picture are looking, or from the observer’s eye to the object being looked at.

Implied LineLines that are indicated

indirectly in artworks at edges where two shapes meet, where a form ends and the space around it begins, or by positioning several objects or figures in a row.

Hue The property of color that

distinguishes one gradation form another and gives it its name.

HatchingShading using closely

spaced, parallel lines; used to suggest light and shadow and/or give the appearance of grays in a black and white drawing.

Cross hatchingShading created by crossed

parallel lines.

ArtworkAn object or performance

that satisfies conditions or requirements recognized by the art world as necessary for an artwork.

ArtProduced or intended

primarily for aesthetic purposes rather than utility. Any of the art forms, such as sculpture, painting, music, or theater

Aesthetic Experience

The experience of perceiving and enjoying something for its beauty and enjoying something for its own sake, for its beauty and pleasurable qualities

ClosureThe tendency to complete

partial forms or shapes by seeing lines that do not exist

AnalysisThe examination of the

relationships among the facts (objects, people, and elements) in an artwork.

Cool ColorsThe colors which blue is

dominate. These colors take your eyes back into the page.

Warm ColorsThe hues in which yellow

and red are dominate. Keep your eye to the front of the painting.

TextureHow an art work feels.The surface quality of an art

work usually perceived by the sense of touch. However, texture can also be implied, perceived visually though not felt through touch.

Simulated TextureTexture in an artwork

which can be seen and not touched, such as those in a painting or photograph

Medium The materials the artist uses

to create the artwork. Examples; oil paints, wood, water colors, clay, glass, acrylic, dye…

A category of art such as drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, and music…

Subject

The things that are represented in an artwork, such as people, buildings, trees, etc.

Philosophy of Art The study of art that involves

asking and answering all kinds of questions about art, how people respond to it, and how it relates to our lives.

design

The plan the artist uses to organizes the art elements, (line, shape, space, etc…

description The facts in an art work such

as the objects, shapes and elements.

composition The act of organizing the

elements of an artwork into a harmoniously unified whole

Formalism

Way of using the elements of art and the principles of design to evaluate art

Descriptive lines

Lines created with a variety of tools; can be outlines, contour lines, single lines or hatching

edge

Where one shape ends and the other begins, resulting in implied line

Expressive Line

Lines that are produced to express an idea, mood, or quality (graceful, nervous, delicate, aggressive, etc.)