New Imperialism

What is Imperialism?

Imperialism- extension of a nation’s power over other lands Imperialism after 1880 “new

Imperialism” Focused on controlling lands▪ Making the imperializing nation more

powerful

Who Imperialized?

Mostly European Nations Great Britain, France, Netherlands,

Germany, Portugal, Italy, Belgium, and Spain▪ U.S. joined later▪ Imperialized Cuba, Hawaii, and the Philippines

Why did they Imperialize?

Control lands Social Darwinism/Racism, believed

they were better than those they conquered

Raw materials/improved economy gold, diamonds, tin, rubber, oil, spices,

tea, coffee, timber, and sugar Spread Christianity

Where did they Imperialize?

Africa- all but 2 countries Annex- bring territory into an existing

state Asia- India and Southeast Asia Latin America

U.S. Imperialism

As the U.S. industrialized, many Americans took interest in the new imperialism Needed new markets to keep economy

strong Many Americans believed

imperialism to be a part of manifest destiny Expansion went past the Pacific

Perry Open Japans

Commodore Matthew Perry took four American warships into Tokyo Bay on July 8, 1853 Forced Japanese to sign a treaty opening

two ports for trade▪ Simoda and Hakodadi

Read pg. 523 Annexing Hawaii

Annexing Hawaii

Hawaii was discovered by whaling ships and merchant vessels crossing the Pacific Discovered sugar cane grew well▪ Sugar cane plantations were established on

the island Recession hit Hawaii hard in 1872-> U.S.

stepped in and helped by exempting tariffs on sugar from Hawaii (trade treaty)▪ Led to building of naval base at Pearl Harbor▪ Led to a boom in sugar and fruit industry

Annexing Hawaii

Planters forced a new constitution on the king of Hawaii▪ Limited his power and increased planters’ power▪ Angered Hawaiians feared they were losing country

In 1890, Congress passed the McKinley Tariff▪ Eliminated all duties on sugar-> caused Hawaiian sugar

price ↑ ▪ Hawaiian economy↓

In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani took throne▪ Disliked American influence in her country▪ In January of 1893, tried to impose a new constitution and give all

power back to her▪ failed

Annexing Hawaii

Planters overthrew the monarchy with the help of Marines President Cleveland refused to annex

Hawaii was against Imperialism▪ Wanted to restore Liliuokalani ▪ Hawaiian people refused wanted to be

annexed▪ Pres. McKinley annexed Hawaii in 1898

U.S. Builds a Modern Navy

Read pg. 524 Answer Questions below. Discuss three international crises that

almost led to war. Why did the U.S. want to build up a

Navy? How did Alfred T. Mahan express his

argument for building up a navy? What two U.S. senators pushed for a

navy? What ideas came together leading to the

eventual building up of a U.S. navy?

How did they control their new lands?

1. Protectorates- controlled land depended on

controlling country for protection2. Indirect rule- colonial gov’t where

local rulers were allowed to maintain positions of power (answered to ruling country)

3. Direct rule- colonial gov’t where local rulers were removed from power and were replaced by rulers from mother country