______ are what the writer ______ are what the writer brainstorms and are the brainstorms and are the heart of the message.heart of the message.

ideasideas

Essential Essential Knowledge Knowledge

SurveySurvey

Details that are clear Details that are clear and specific that paint a and specific that paint a

picture in your mind picture in your mind are___ ___.are___ ___.

showing detailsshowing details

Your______ is who or Your______ is who or what you are as you what you are as you

write.write.

rolerole

An _____ is to whom you An _____ is to whom you are writing.are writing.

audienceaudience

The_____ is the The_____ is the organization, plan, style or organization, plan, style or arrangement of a writing arrangement of a writing

piece.piece.

formatformat

What the prompt is asking What the prompt is asking you to write about is the you to write about is the

________.________.

topictopic

The word that helps you The word that helps you express the purpose of express the purpose of the of your paper, such the of your paper, such as inform, persuade or as inform, persuade or

express, is the express, is the _____ _____._____ _____.

strong verbstrong verb

The ________ is the The ________ is the reason why the piece is reason why the piece is

written. written.

purposepurpose

An _____ paper gives An _____ paper gives information about a information about a

topic.topic.

informativeinformative

A ______ paper tries to A ______ paper tries to convince the reader that convince the reader that

the writer’s point of the writer’s point of view is the correct one .view is the correct one .

persuasive persuasive

An ______ paper shows An ______ paper shows the readers personality, the readers personality, creativity and emotions.creativity and emotions.

expressiveexpressive

Details that are Details that are factual/true are___ ___.factual/true are___ ___.

accurate details accurate details

The ________ of a piece The ________ of a piece is the internal structure is the internal structure

of the piece.of the piece.

organization organization

The rate at which the The rate at which the writer introduces new writer introduces new ideas to the reader is ideas to the reader is

the _____ of the writing.the _____ of the writing.

pacingpacing

_______ is the order in _______ is the order in which your main ideas or which your main ideas or

events are placed.events are placed.

sequencingsequencing

Words that are used to Words that are used to connect main ideas are connect main ideas are

called______.called______.

transitionstransitions

The paragraph that The paragraph that grabs the reader’s grabs the reader’s

attention and provides attention and provides the thesis statement is the thesis statement is

the ______.the ______.

introductionintroduction

The last part of a writing The last part of a writing piece that sums up the piece that sums up the

main points and main points and restates the thesis is the restates the thesis is the

______.______.

conclusion conclusion

The attention grabbing The attention grabbing first few sentences of an first few sentences of an

introduction is called introduction is called the_____.the_____.

leadlead

The _____ of a piece is The _____ of a piece is the personal tone and the personal tone and flavor of the authors flavor of the authors

message.message.

voicevoice

When writing urges or When writing urges or calls you forth to do calls you forth to do

something, it is _______.something, it is _______.

compellingcompelling

If something is ______ it If something is ______ it is attracts and holds is attracts and holds

your attention.your attention.

engagingengaging

Someone who is eager Someone who is eager and/or serious is and/or serious is

________.________.

earnestearnest

If the language in a If the language in a sentence has a steady sentence has a steady

rhythm and flow, it rhythm and flow, it hashas______ ______. ______ ______.

sentence fluency sentence fluency

The vocabulary a writer The vocabulary a writer chooses to convey chooses to convey

meaning is _____ _____.meaning is _____ _____.

word choiceword choice

When a word is ______ it is When a word is ______ it is highly accurate in highly accurate in

meaning.meaning.

precise precise

To _______ is to make To _______ is to make something more clear and something more clear and

understandable.understandable.

clarifyclarify

_______ are the _______ are the mechanical correctness mechanical correctness

of a paper.of a paper.

conventionsconventions

When using numbers in When using numbers in writing, numbers ___ to writing, numbers ___ to

___ would be in word ___ would be in word form.form.

1-1001-100

Conversation is referred Conversation is referred to as _______.to as _______.

dialoguedialogue

________always requires ________always requires punctuation (comma, punctuation (comma,

explanation point, explanation point, question mark, or question mark, or period) at the end, period) at the end,

within the quotation. within the quotation.

dialoguedialogue

______ are two or more ______ are two or more words that sound alike words that sound alike

but have different but have different spellings and different spellings and different

meanings.meanings.homophoneshomophones

A ______ is a shortened A ______ is a shortened form of two words.form of two words.

contractioncontraction

An____ is a punctuation An____ is a punctuation mark used to form the mark used to form the

possessive case of possessive case of nouns and some nouns and some

pronouns.pronouns.apostropheapostrophe

To form a contraction, To form a contraction, use an ______ to show use an ______ to show

where letters or where letters or numerals have been numerals have been

omitted.omitted.

apostropheapostrophe

A _____ is generally used A _____ is generally used to separate words or to separate words or

groups of words so that groups of words so that the meaning of the the meaning of the sentence is clear.sentence is clear.

commacomma

Place a ____ between Place a ____ between items and names in a items and names in a series (except when series (except when referring to color or referring to color or

age.)age.)commacomma

Use a ____ to separate Use a ____ to separate two or more adjectives two or more adjectives

preceding a noun.preceding a noun.

commacomma

Use a _____ before a Use a _____ before a coordinating conjunction coordinating conjunction

(and, but, for, nor, or, (and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet).so, or yet).

commacomma

Use a ____ to set off a Use a ____ to set off a mild exclamation such mild exclamation such

as as wellwell or or ohoh at the at the beginning of a sentence.beginning of a sentence.

commacomma

Use a ____ after an Use a ____ after an introductory phrase or introductory phrase or

clause.clause.

commacomma

Use a ____ after the Use a ____ after the salutation of a personal salutation of a personal

letter and after the letter and after the closing of any letter.closing of any letter.

commacomma

Use a ____ to set off the Use a ____ to set off the words of a direct words of a direct

address.address.

commacomma

Use a ___________ between a Use a ___________ between a list of items, especially list of items, especially after expressions like after expressions like as as followsfollows or or the following.the following.

commacomma

Use ______ for the first letter Use ______ for the first letter in a sentence, proper noun, in a sentence, proper noun,

and for the word I.and for the word I.

capitalizationcapitalization

______ is the use of standard ______ is the use of standard marks and signs in writing marks and signs in writing

to separate words into to separate words into sentences, clauses, and sentences, clauses, and

phrases in order to clarify phrases in order to clarify meaning.meaning.

punctuationpunctuation

A ____ is a word or word A ____ is a word or word group that is used to group that is used to

name a person, place, name a person, place, thing or an idea.thing or an idea.

nounnoun

A ____ ____ is made up A ____ ____ is made up of two or more words of two or more words used together as a used together as a

single noun.single noun.

compound nouncompound noun

A ____ _____ names any A ____ _____ names any one of a group of one of a group of

persons, places, things, persons, places, things, or ideas.or ideas.

common nouncommon noun

A ____ ____ names a A ____ ____ names a particular/specific particular/specific

person, place, thing or person, place, thing or idea.idea.

proper nounproper noun

A ____ is a word used in A ____ is a word used in place of one or more place of one or more nouns or pronouns.nouns or pronouns.

pronounpronoun

An ____ modifies a noun An ____ modifies a noun or pronoun by telling or pronoun by telling what kind, which one, what kind, which one,

how much, or how how much, or how many.many.

adjectiveadjective

The most frequent used The most frequent used adjectives are adjectives are aa, , anan and and thethe. These are called . These are called

_____._____.

articlesarticles

A ____ is a word used to A ____ is a word used to express action or a state express action or a state

of being.of being.

verbverb

A _________ __________ A _________ __________ helps the main verb helps the main verb

express action or a state express action or a state of being.of being.

helping verbhelping verb

An ____ ____ is a verb An ____ ____ is a verb that expresses either that expresses either

physical or mental physical or mental activity.activity.

action verbaction verb

A ____ ____ connects the A ____ ____ connects the subject to a word or subject to a word or

word group that word group that identifies or describes identifies or describes

the subject.the subject.

linking verblinking verb

A _____ is a word that A _____ is a word that shows the relationship shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to of a noun or pronoun to

another word.another word.

prepositionpreposition

A ______ is a word used A ______ is a word used to join words or word to join words or word

groups.groups.

conjunctionconjunction

When a word refers to When a word refers to one person, place, thing one person, place, thing or idea, it is singular in or idea, it is singular in

_____. When a word _____. When a word refers to multiple refers to multiple

people, places or things, people, places or things, it is plural in _____.it is plural in _____.

numbernumber

A ___-___ ______ is two or A ___-___ ______ is two or more complete more complete

sentences run together sentences run together as one.as one.

run-on sentencerun-on sentence

A ______ ______ is a group of A ______ ______ is a group of words that is punctuated as words that is punctuated as

if it was a complete if it was a complete sentence, but does not sentence, but does not

contain both a subject and contain both a subject and a verb or does not express a verb or does not express

a complete thought.a complete thought.

sentence fragmentsentence fragment

A ______ ______ contains A ______ ______ contains one independent clause one independent clause

and no subordinate and no subordinate clauses.clauses.

simple sentencesimple sentence

A ______ ______ contains A ______ ______ contains two or more independent two or more independent

clauses and no clauses and no subordinate clause.subordinate clause.

compound sentencecompound sentence

A ______ ______ contains A ______ ______ contains one independent clause one independent clause

and at least one and at least one subordinate clause.subordinate clause.

complex sentencecomplex sentence

A ________ __________ is the A ________ __________ is the nonstandard use of twononstandard use of two

negative words to negative words to express a single negative express a single negative

idea.idea.

double negativedouble negative

___________ is what you ___________ is what you know, your background know, your background

knowledge, and the knowledge, and the experiences that you bring experiences that you bring

to your reading.to your reading.

schemaschema

___________ are when ___________ are when you are able to relate you are able to relate

what you read to what you read to personal experience, personal experience,

other stories, and world other stories, and world events. events.

connectionsconnections

A _____ - __ - ______ A _____ - __ - ______ connection is when you connection is when you

relate what you are relate what you are reading to your own reading to your own

experiences.experiences.

text-to-selftext-to-self

A ____ - __ - ____ A ____ - __ - ____ connection is when you connection is when you

relate what you are relate what you are reading to something else reading to something else

you have read.you have read.

text-to-texttext-to-text

A _____ - __ - _____ A _____ - __ - _____ connection is when you connection is when you

relate what you are relate what you are reading to events, reading to events, issues, and people.issues, and people.

text-to-worldtext-to-world

________ is when you ________ is when you create pictures in your create pictures in your mind while you read.mind while you read.

visualizingvisualizing

When a reader combines When a reader combines what they know what they know

(schema) with what they (schema) with what they picture in their mind picture in their mind

(visualizing) to make an (visualizing) to make an educated guess about educated guess about events in a book it is events in a book it is

called _______.called _______.inferringinferring

_______ is when a reader _______ is when a reader makes and educated makes and educated guess about what will guess about what will happen next in a story.happen next in a story.

predictingpredicting

_______ helps readers _______ helps readers understand the text on understand the text on

a deeper level by a deeper level by eliminating confusion eliminating confusion

and stimulating interest and stimulating interest in the topic.in the topic.questioningquestioning

The _______ is the series The _______ is the series of events that make up a of events that make up a

story.story.

plotplot

The main idea in a work The main idea in a work of literature is the of literature is the

_________._________.

themetheme

_______ is the use of _______ is the use of clues or hints to suggest clues or hints to suggest

events that will occur events that will occur later in the story.later in the story.

foreshadowingforeshadowing

_______ __ ______ _______ __ ______ demonstrates different demonstrates different

ways of looking at things.ways of looking at things.

point of viewpoint of view

The reason why the The reason why the author wrote a piece of author wrote a piece of literature is the _______ literature is the _______

________.________.

author’s purposeauthor’s purpose

_______ _______ is the _______ _______ is the topic; main point of the topic; main point of the

story.story.

main ideamain idea

A division of a poem A division of a poem consisting of two or consisting of two or more lines arranged more lines arranged

together as a unit is a together as a unit is a _________._________.

stanzastanza

_________ is a struggle _________ is a struggle between opposing between opposing

characters or forces. characters or forces.

conflictconflict

________ _______ is the ________ _______ is the battle between a battle between a

character and itself.character and itself.

internal conflictinternal conflict

________ _______ is the ________ _______ is the battle between a battle between a

character and an outside character and an outside force (such as man, force (such as man,

nature, machine, and nature, machine, and society.)society.)

external conflictexternal conflict

The way a writer reveals The way a writer reveals his character is his character is

_________._________.

characterizationcharacterization

An ___________ is a An ___________ is a character or force that character or force that

opposes the opposes the protagonist.protagonist.

antagonistantagonist

The ___________ is a The ___________ is a character that is the character that is the

hero; heroine.hero; heroine.

protagonistprotagonist

________ ________ is ________ ________ is writing or language that writing or language that

is not meant to be is not meant to be interpreted literally.interpreted literally.

figurative languagefigurative language

A comparison of two A comparison of two unlike things using the unlike things using the

words words likelike, , as, as, or or thanthan is is a ___________.a ___________.

similesimile

A figure of speech in A figure of speech in which non-human which non-human

objects are given human objects are given human characteristics is characteristics is

_________._________.

personificationpersonification

The repetition of the The repetition of the same consonant sounds same consonant sounds

or the same kinds of or the same kinds of sounds at the beginning sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed of words or in stressed syllables is _________.syllables is _________.

alliterationalliteration

A ___________ is a A ___________ is a comparison between comparison between unlike things without unlike things without

using a specific word of using a specific word of comparison such as comparison such as like, like,

as as oror than than..

metaphormetaphor

A brief story told in A brief story told in order to make a point is order to make a point is

an ________.an ________.

anecdoteanecdote

A ___________ is the A ___________ is the action that results in an action that results in an

effect, result, or effect, result, or consequence.consequence.

causecause

An _______ is brought on An _______ is brought on by a cause, or is the end by a cause, or is the end

result of an action.result of an action.

effecteffect

The _________ is the The _________ is the most suspenseful most suspenseful

moment or turning-point moment or turning-point in a story.in a story.

climaxclimax

______ _____ are hints in ______ _____ are hints in a text that help you a text that help you figure out a word’s figure out a word’s

meaning.meaning.

context cluescontext clues

Writing that is made up Writing that is made up rather than true is rather than true is

_________._________.

fictionfiction

________ is writing or ________ is writing or language that appeals language that appeals

to the senses and to the senses and evokes images.evokes images.

imageryimagery

_________ is writing that _________ is writing that deals with real people, deals with real people,

things, events, and things, events, and places.places.

nonfictionnonfiction

_________is a kind of _________is a kind of rhythmic, compressed rhythmic, compressed

writing that uses figures writing that uses figures of speech and imagery of speech and imagery designed to appeal to designed to appeal to

emotions and emotions and imagination.imagination.

poetrypoetry

A _________ is a A _________ is a repetition of accented repetition of accented vowel sounds and all vowel sounds and all

sounds following them in sounds following them in words that are close words that are close together in writing or together in writing or

poetry.poetry.rhymerhyme

The ___________ is the The ___________ is the time and place of a time and place of a story, play or poem.story, play or poem.

settingsetting

The uncertainty or The uncertainty or anxiety that reader anxiety that reader feels about what will feels about what will happen next in the happen next in the

story, novel, or drama is story, novel, or drama is __________.__________.

suspensesuspense

Using ______ means you Using ______ means you are proving your ideas are proving your ideas

with additional with additional information and details.information and details.

supportsupport

To ___________ is to To ___________ is to assert or express the assert or express the

opposite of.opposite of.

contradictcontradict

To ___________ is to look To ___________ is to look at or state similarities at or state similarities

and/or differences.and/or differences.

comparecompare

To_____ is to compare To_____ is to compare differences.differences.

contrastcontrast

To _______ is to state the To _______ is to state the meaning of a word.meaning of a word.

definedefine

A _______ is an A _______ is an advantage.advantage.

benefitbenefit

A ___________ is an A ___________ is an undesirable feature; undesirable feature;

disadvantage.disadvantage.

drawbackdrawback

To ________ is to give a To ________ is to give a detailed account in detailed account in

writing.writing.

describedescribe

To ______ means to make To ______ means to make clear or understandable.clear or understandable.

explainexplain

When you ___________ When you ___________ you judge or determine you judge or determine the significance, worth, the significance, worth,

or quality of.or quality of.

evaluateevaluate

When you cover the When you cover the main points, concisely; main points, concisely;

briefly you________.briefly you________.

summarizesummarize