© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. GRAPHICAL MEDIA EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J....

GRAPHICALMEDIA

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies

“Graphics help to display and to clarify text. If you are a visual learner, your mind keys in on the graphics as much or more than it keys in on the text. Learning productivity increases by graphic display of a message. Graphics may be photographs, hand drawn artwork, computer drawn artwork, textures, scanned items, or any thing that is or can be digitized. Graphics must enhance the text.”

Sprankle and Sprankle and JohnsonJohnson

“Graphics can enhance your multimedia application by illustrating concepts and presenting information in uniquely effective ways. As part of a larger media mix, graphics can significantly enhance learning. In fact, some concepts are extremely difficult to teach without visuals.

Some graphic images are real representations of actual objects, as in photographs, slides, and digitized images. Others are pictorial or diagrammatic representations of actual objects, which are often created by graphics artists.”

(Fenrich, 1997, p. 138)

GRAPHICS FILE

FORMATS

Graphics Files GIF & JPeG (PNG) (Internet)

BMP & WMF (Windows)

PIC & PCT (Mac)

TIFf, TGA, EPS (Universal)

See table at the end of the chapter for additional formats ..

(Note: “animated” gifs will be covered when we discuss animation).

See table at the end of the chapter for additional formats ..

(Note: “animated” gifs will be covered when we discuss animation).

Bitmapped (raster)

Graphics vs.

Object (vector)Graphics

Bitmapped graphic Vector graphicTraditional drawing

GRAPHICSSOFTWARE

Graphics SoftwareIn my work with graphics software, I have performed these three basic functions:

1. Converting from one file format to another

2. Editing the contrast, brightness, and color or hue

3. Changing the content of the graphic*

Note: These are not always found in a single software package.

Paint (Windows) - editor and converter for numerous bitmapped formats such as: BMP, JPG, GIF,PCD, PCX, TIFF, DIB, and TGA.

Microsoft Photo Editor (pre-Office 2000 Pro) - editor and converter for numerous bitmapped formats such as: BMP, JPG, GIF,PCD, PCX, TIFF, DIB, and TGA files.

Lview Pro (www.lview.com) - editor and converter for numerous bitmapped formats such as: BMP, JPG, GIF, PPM, PCX, TIFF, DIB, and TGA files.

Paint Shop Pro (www.jasc.com) - for numerous bitmapped formats such as: BMP, JPG, GIF, PPM, PCX, TIFF, DIB, and TGA files.

Free Graphics Software

$$$ Graphics SoftwareAdobe Photoshop ($649)

Adobe Illustrator ($499)

Corel Draw ($379)

Macromedia FreeHand ($399)

Autodesk Maya ($1,999)

• Scanner

Graphics Sources

• Digital Camera

• Scanner

/Cell Phone

Note: These devices can alsobe used for recording videosNote: These devices can alsobe used for recording videos

Graphics Sources

• Digital Camera/Cell

• Scanner

• Video Capture

• Scanner

• Digital Camera/Cell Phone

160x12022KB

320x240108KB

640x480336KB

Note: This device can alsobe used for recording videosNote: This device can also

be used for recording videos

Graphics Sources

• Video Capture

• Scanner

• Digital Camera/Cell Phone

640x4800181KB

Graphics Sources

• Video Capture

• Scanner

640x480224KB

Graphics Sources

CreatedCreated}“Borrowed”“Borrowed”}

• Video Capture

• Screen Capture

• Photo CD’s

• Clip Art

• Internet

Print Screenvs.

Alt-Print Screen

Print Screenvs.

Alt-Print Screen

• Scanner

“right-click” on graphic or drag-and-drop

Graphics Sources

ColorAdditive Color

light – RGBmonitor

Subtractive Color paint – CYMKprinter

Color MixerColor Mixer

1 black & white line drawings

2 4 posters

4 16 sketches

8 (1 byte) 256 low-quality photographs

16 (2 bytes) 65,536 high-quality photographs

24 (3 bytes) 16,777,216 professional-quality photographs

32 (4 bytes) 4,294,967,296 ???

File Size Considerations

# of bits # of colors uses

Color depth (# of bits)

Also see Figure 6.2 in the MM text.

Early projectors were only capable of displaying 256 colors.

256 – a necessary evil???

This is the maximum color depth for GIFs (one of the main graphics Web file formats).

Some users may have their screens set to 256 colors, even if their computers are capable of a greater color depth.

use an adaptive palette.

Some solutions:

use dithering

Some solutions:

Also see Figure 6.16 in the MM text.

# of bits # of colors# of bits # of colors uses uses

Color depth (# of bits)

Image size (# of pixels)

2 4 posters

4 16 sketches

32 (4 bytes) 4,294,967,296 ???

640 x 480 = 307,200 pixels

307,200 x 1 byte = 307,200 bytes307,200 x 2 bytes = 614,400 bytes307,200 x 3 bytes = 921,600 bytes

Almost a meg of VRAMAlmost a meg of VRAM

800 x 600 = 480,000 pixels

480,000 x 1 byte = 480,000 bytes 480,000 x 2 bytes = 960,000 bytes 480,000 x 3 bytes = 1,440,000 bytes

Almost a 1.5 meg of VRAMAlmost a 1.5 meg of VRAM

1600 x 1200 x 4 bytes = 7,680,000 bytes

More than 7.5 meg of VRAMMore than 7.5 meg of VRAM

What resolution and color depth do you use?What resolution and

color depth do you use?

6th Edition640x480 2%800x60044%1024x76842%1280x1024 4%1152x864 3%Unknown 1%

Screen Resolutions Reported in the MM Text

7th Edition640x480 0%800x600 20%1024x768 57%Higher 17%Unknown 6%

# of bits # of colors# of bits # of colors uses uses

Color depthColor depth (# of bits)

Image sizeImage size (# of pixels)

compressed vs. uncompressedcompressed vs. uncompressed

2 4 posters

4 16 sketches

32 (4 bytes) 4,294,967,296 ???

pixel x - pixel x - andandpixel y -pixel y -

pixels x & y - pixels x & y -

jjppeegg

1096 x 777 x 3 = 2,495 KB

568 KB

193 KB

bmp gif jpg

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