WJEC

Certificate in Latin Literature

Unit 9541Latin Literature Themes

Theme B Growing Up in Rome

Student Study Book (without notes)

2 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

1 meus, mea, meum - myfamiliaris, familiaris - close friend, intimate friendL. = abbreviation of Lucius - LuciusHerennius, Herennii - Herenniusdico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, speakmultus, multa, multum - much, manyde - about, concerning, on the subject ofluxuries, luxuriei - luxury, extravagancemultus, multa, multum - much, manyde - about, concerning, on the subject oflibido, libidinis - desire, lust, passion

2 multus, multa, multum - much, manyde - about, concerning, on the subject ofvitium, vitii - fault, defect, error, shortcoming,

viceiuventus, iuventutis - youthmultus, multa, multum - much, manyde - about, concerning, on the subject ofmos, moris - character, behaviour, moralscastigo, castigare, castigavi, castigatus -

chastise, rebuke, reprimand, censureM. = abbreviation of Marcus - Marcus

3 Caelius, Caelii - Caeliussicut - as, in such a way asnemo, neminis - no one, nobodyumquam - at any time, everparens, parentis - father, mother, parentmultus, multa, multum - much, manyde - about, concerning, on the subject ofincontinentia, incontinentiae - lack of self-

control, self-indulgence4 intemperantia, intemperantiae - unrestrained

behaviour, licentiousnessdissero, disserere, disserui - discuss, set out

in words, talk about

Cicero, Pro Caelio 25, 28, 30, 44, lines 1-4 (... disseruit)

meus familiaris L. Herennius dixit multa de luxurie, multa de libidine, multa de vitiis iuventutis, multa de moribus. castigavit M. Caelium, sicut neminem umquam parens; multa de incontinentia intemperantiaque disseruit.

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Notes

4 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

4 equidem - indeed, I for my partmultus, multa, multum - manyet - andvideo, videre, vidi, visus - see, observe,

noticein - in, withinhic, haec, hoc - thiscivitas, civitatis - city, state

5 et - andaudio, audire, audivi, auditus - hearnon - notmodo - onlyqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatprimoris, primoris, primore - first, foremost,

extremelabrum, labri - lipgusto, gustare, gustavi, gustatus - taste, sip,

have some experience ofgenus, generis - kind, typehic, haec, hoc - this

6 vita, vitae - life, way of lifeet - andextremus, extrema, extremum - extreme,

very end ofut - asdico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, tell, declaredigitus, digiti - fingerattingo, attingere, attigi, attactus - touch, reachsed - butqui, quae, quod - who, which, thattotus, tota, totum - all, the whole of, entire

7 adulescentia, adulescentiae - youth (time of life)voluptas, voluptatis - delight, pleasure,

enjoymentdo, dare, dedi, datus - give, give over toemergo, emergere, emersi - emerge, escapealiquando - sometimes, occasionally, at

some point, sooner or lateret - and

8 gravis, gravis, grave - important, solemn, serioushomo, hominis - human being, person, manatque - and, and also, and evenillustris, illustris, illustre - famous, illustrioussum, esse, fui - be

5

Cicero, Pro Caelio 25, 28, 30, 44, lines 4-8 (equidem ... fuisse)

equidem multos et vidi in hac civitate et audivi - non modo qui primoribus labris gustavissent genus hoc vitae et extremis, ut dicitur, digitis attigissent, sed qui totam adulescentiam voluptatibus dedissent - emersisse aliquando et graves homines atque illustres fuisse.

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Notes

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9 itaque - and so, therefore, consequentlyseveritas, severitatis - gravity, sternness,

strictness, severitytuus, tua, tuum - your (singular)non - notrespondeo, respondere, respondi - reply,

responddeprecor, deprecari, deprecatus sum - plead

for, beg for, try to obtainvacatio, vacationis - exemption, immunity

10 adulescentia, adulescentiae - youth (time of life)

venia, veniae - pardon, forgiveness, indulgence

peto, petere, petivi, petitus - seek, ask fornon - notaudeo, audere, ausus sum - dare, ventureperfugium, perfugii - refuge, asylum, excuseaetas, aetatis - agenon - not

11 utor, uti, usus sum - (with ablative) use, make use of, employ

10

Cicero, Pro Caelio 25, 28, 30, 44, lines 9-11 (... utor)

itaque severitati tuae non respondebo; deprecari vacationem adulescentiae veniamque petere non audeo; perfugiis aetatis non utor;

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Notes

8 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

11 tantum - only, just, merelypeto, petere, petivi, petitus - seek, askut - thatsi - ifqua - in some way, to some extentsum, esse, fui - beinvidia, invidiae - dislike, distaste, odiumcommunis, communis, commune - shared,

common, general, publichic, haec, hoc - thistempus, temporis - time, periodaes, aeris - money

12 alienus, aliena, alienum - another’s, of someone else

petulantia, petulantiae - boldness, effrontery, rudeness, immodesty

libido, libidinis - desire, lust, passioniuventus, iuventutis - youthqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatvideo, videre, vidi, visus - see, observe,

perceive, understandsum, esse, fui - bemagnus, magna, magnum - great, large, much

13 ne - not, that nothic, haec, hoc - thisalius, alia, aliud - otherpeccatum, peccati - error, sinne - not, that notaetas, aetatis - age, period, generationac - andtempus, temporis - timevitium, vitii - fault, defect, error, shortcoming,

vicenoceo, nocere, nocui - (with dative) harm,

hurt, injure

Cicero, Pro Caelio 25, 28, 30, 44, lines 11-13 (tantum ... noceant)

tantum peto ut, si qua est invidia communis hoc tempore aeris alieni, petulantiae, libidinum iuventutis - quam video esse magnam - ne huic aliorum peccata, ne aetatis ac temporum vitia noceant.

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Notes

10 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

Cicero, Pro Caelio 25, 28, 30, 44, lines 13-17 (in ... tenuerunt)

in M. Caelio enim nulla luxuries reperietur, nulli sumptus, nullum aes alienum, nulla conviviorum ac lustrorum libido. amores autem et hae deliciae, ut vocantur, quae infirmioribus animis molestae solent esse, numquam hunc occupatum impeditumque tenuerunt.

13 in - in14 M. = abbreviation of Marcus - Marcus

Caelius, Caelii - Caeliusenim - indeed, for, certainlynullus, nulla, nullum - not any, noluxuries, luxuriei - luxury, extravagancereperio, reperire, repperi, repertus - find,

discovernullus, nulla, nullum - not any, nosumptus, sumptus - expense, lavish

expenditurenullus, nulla, nullum - not any, noaes, aeris - money

15 alienus, aliena, alienum - another’s, of someone else

nullus, nulla, nullum - not any, noconvivium, convivii - feast, entertainment,

banquetac - andlustrum, lustri - den of vice, place of

debaucherylibido, libidinis - desire, lust, passionamor, amoris - love, love affairautem - but, however; indeed, on the contraryet - and

16 hic, haec, hoc - thisdeliciae, deliciarum - delight, pleasures,

dallianceut - asvoco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus - call, namequi, quae, quod - who, which, thatinfirmus, infirma, infirmum - weak, feeble,

irresoluteanimus, animi - mind, character, dispositionmolestus, molesta, molestum - troublesome,

worrying, damaging17 soleo, solere, solitus sum - be accustomed

to, be liable tosum, esse, fui - benumquam - at no time, neverhic, haec, hoc - thisoccupo, occupare, occupavi, occupatus -

occupy, engrossimpedio, impedire, impedivi, impeditus -

entangle, hamper, hinderteneo, tenere, tenui, tentus - hold, possess

15

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Notes

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1 causa, causae - cause, reason, motivesum, esse, fui - bepater, patris - fatherhic, haec, hoc - thisqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatmacer, macra, macrum - lean, meagre, poorpauper, pauperis - pooragellus, agelli - little field, farm

2 nolo, nolle, nolui - not to wish, not to want, be unwilling, refuse

in - to, intoFlavius, Flavi - Flaviusludus, ludi - school, elementary schoolego, mei - I, memitto, mittere, misi, missus - sendmagnus, magna, magnum - great, large, tall

3 quo - (to) wherepuer, pueri - boy, sonmagnus, magna, magnum - great, large, talle - fromcenturio, centurionis - commander of a

century, captain, centurionorior, oriri, ortus sum - be born

4 laevus, laeva, laevum - leftsuspendo, suspendere, suspendi, suspensus

- hang, dangleloculus, loculi - bag or case for carrying

writing materialstabula, tabulae - writing-tabletlacertus, lacerti - shoulder, upper arm

5 eo, ire, ii - go, walk, marchoctoni, octonae, octona - eight, eight eachrefero, referre, rettuli, relatus - carry, bring,

pay an accountIdus, Idus - the Ides (15th day of March,

May, July, October, 13th day of the other months)

aes, aeris - copper, bronze, money

Horace, Satires 1.6, lines 1-5

causa fuit pater his qui, macro pauper agello,noluit in Flavi ludum me mittere, magniquo pueri magnis e centurionibus orti,laevo suspensi loculos tabulamque lacerto,ibant octonos referentes Idibus aeris: 5

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6 sed - but, however, yetpuer, pueri - boy, sonaudeo, audere, ausus sum - dare, ventureRoma, Romae - Rome

Romam - to Romeporto, portare, portavi, portatus - take,

conveydoceo, docere, docui, doctus - teach

7 ars, artis - skill; (in a school) a subjectqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatdoceo, docere, docui, doctus - teachquivis, quaevis, quodvis/quidvis - anyone,

anyone you might like to mentioneques, equitis - person of equestrian statusatque - and, and alsosenator, senatoris - member of the senate,

senator8 se - himself, herself, itself, themselves (the

-met suffix adds emphasis)prognatus, prognata, prognatum - child,

offspring

Horace, Satires 1.6, lines 6-8 (... prognatos)

sed puerum est ausus Romam portare, docendumartes quas doceat quivis eques atque senatorsemet prognatos.

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Notes

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8 vestis, vestis - garments, clothing, clothesservus, servi - slavesequor, sequi, secutus sum - follow, attend

9 in - in, amongmagnus, magna, magnum - great, largeut - as, as it werepopulus, populi - people, crowd, multitudesi - ifquis, quid - anyone, someonevideo, videre, vidi, visus - see, behold, observeavitus, avita, avitum - ancestral

10 ex - from, by, on account ofres, rei - thing; business, property, profit,

moneypraebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitus - offer,

give, provide, supplysumptus, sumptus - expense, lavish

expenditureego, mei - I, mecredo, credere, credidi - think, believe, be of

the opinionille, illa, illud - he, she, it; that

Horace, Satires 1.6, lines 8-10 (vestem ... illos)

vestem servosque sequentes,in magno ut populo, si quis vidisset, avitaex re praeberi sumptus mihi crederet illos. 10

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18 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

11 ipse, ipsa, ipsum - he, she, it; himself, herself, itself

ego, mei - I, mecustos, custodis - guardian, protectorincorruptus, incorrupta, incorruptum - pure,

uncorrupted, incorruptibleomnis, omnis, omne - all, every

12 circum - around, about, amongdoctor, doctoris - teacher, instructor, traineradsum, adesse, adfui - be near, be presentquid - why?multus, multa, multum - much, many

quid multa - why should I say morepudicus, pudica, pudicum - chaste, virtuous

13 qui, quae, quod - who, which, thatprimus, prima, primum - first, foremost, most

distinguishedvirtus, virtutis - goodness, virtue, excellencehonos, honoris - honour, dignity, graceservo, servare, servavi, servatus - save,

preserve, protect, keepab - fromomnis, omnis, omne - all, every

14 non - notsolum - only, merelyfactum, facti - deedverum - butopprobrium, opprobrii - scandal, slanderquoque - also, tooturpis, turpis, turpe - ugly, disgraceful,

dishonourable

Horace, Satires 1.6, lines 11-14

ipse mihi custos incorruptissimus omnescircum doctores aderat. quid multa? pudicum,qui primus virtutis honos, servavit ab omninon solum facto, verum opprobrio quoque turpi;

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15 nec - nor, and nottimeo, timere, timui - fear, be afraidse - himself, herself, itself, themselvesne - that, lestvitium, vitii - fault, error, mistake, shortcomingquis, quid - anyone, someoneverto, vertere, verti, versus - turn, turn

aroundolim - some day, sometime

16 si - ifpraeco, praeconis - auctioneerparvus, parva, parvum - little, small, petty,

meanaut - or, or elseut - assum, esse, fui - beipse, ipsa, ipsum - he, she, it; himself,

herself, itselfcoactor, coactoris - collector (of money,

taxes, etc.)17 merces, mercedis - wages, salary

sequor, sequi, secutus sum - follow, go after, pursue, aim at

Horace, Satires 1.6, lines 15-17 (... sequerer)

nec timuit sibi ne vitio quis verteret olim si praeco parvas aut, ut fuit ipse, coactormercedes sequerer;

15

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22 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

17 neque - nor, and notego, mei - I, mequeror, queri, questus sum - complain,

protestqueror, queri, questus sum - complain,

protestat - but, yet, on the contraryhoc - so, in this way, because of thisnunc - now

18 laus, laudis - praiseille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thatdebeo, debere, debui, debitus - oweet - anda - fromego, mei - I, megratia, gratiae - thanksmaior, maior, maius - greater

Horace, Satires 1.6, lines 17-18 (neque ... maior)

neque ego essem questus: at hoc nunc laus illi debetur et a me gratia maior.

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Notes

24 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

1 tu, tui - you (singular)Agamemnon, Agamemnonis - Agamemnonprae - forlittera, litterae - literature, booksfatuus, fatua, fatuum - crazy, madsum, esse, fui - bealiqui, aliqua, aliquod - some, anydies, diei - daytu, tui - you (singular)persuadeo, persuadere, persuasi - persuade,

convince, prevail uponut - to, that, in order that, so that

2 ad - to, towardsvilla, villae - house, villanoster, nostra, nostrum - our, our ownvenio, venire, veni - cometu, tui - you (singular)discipulus, discipuli - pupil, disciple, traineecresco, crescere, crevi, cretus - grow, grow upfilius, filii - sonmeus, mea, meum - myiam - now, already

3 quattuor - fourpars, partis - partdico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, tellsi - ifvivo, vivere, vixi - live, stay alive, survivehabeo, habere, habui, habitus - have, possessbonus, bona, bonum - gooddiscipulus, discipuli - pupil, disciple, traineenam - for

4 quisquis, quodquod/quicquid/quidquid - whoever, whatever

ille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thatvaco, vacare, vacavi - (of time) is available,

is freecaput, capitis - headde - from, away from, out oftabula, tabulae - writing-tabletnon - nottollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatus - lift, raiseingeniosus, ingeniosa, ingeniosum - clever,

smart, giftedsum, esse, fui - beetiam - even

5 si - ifin - for, towardsavis, avis - birdmorbosus, morbosa, morbosum - sick with

love, mad aboutsum, esse, fui - be

Petronius, Satyricon 46, lines 1-5 (... morbosus est)

tu, Agamemnon, prae litteris fatuus es. aliquo die te persuadeam ut ad villam nostram venias? tibi discipulus crescit filius meus: iam quattuor partes dicit; si vixerit, habebis bonum discipulum. nam quicquid illi vacat, caput de tabula non tollit. ingeniosus est, etiam si in aves morbosus est. 5

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26 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

5 ego, mei - I, I myselfille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thattres, tria - threecardelis, cardelis - goldfinchoccido, occidere, occidi, occisus - kill, slayet - anddico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, tell

6 mustella, mustellae - weaselis, ea, id - he, she, it; this, thatcomedo, comesse, comedi, comesus - eat,

eat up, consumeinvenio, invenire, inveni, inventus - find, discovertamen - nevertheless, all the same, yetalius, alia, aliud - other, differentnenia, neniae - (in plural) silly things, trifles,

trivial pastimeset - andlibenter - willingly, with pleasure

7 pingo, pingere, pinxi, pictus - paintceterum - for the rest, but, besidesiam - now, alreadylittera, litterae - letter of the alphabet,

literatureGraeculus, Graecula, Graeculum - Greek

(often in a contemptuous sense)calx, calcis - heel, footimpingo, impingere, impegi, impactus -

press, stampet - andLatinus, Latina, Latinum - Latin

8 coepio, coepere, coepi - beginnon - notmale - badlyappeto, appetere, appetivi, appetitus - tackle,

go for, attack, strive after

Petronius, Satyricon 46, lines 5-8 (ego ... appetere)

ego illi tres cardeles occidi et dixi ‘mustella eos comedit.’ invenit tamen alias nenias et libentissime pingit. ceterum iam litteris Graeculis calcem impingit et Latinas coepit non male appetere.

5

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28 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

8 emo, emere, emi, emptus - buyergo - therefore, sopuer, pueri - boy, sonaliquot - some, a number ofliber, libri - book, volumerubricatus, rubricatum, rubricatum - with

headings drawn in red9 quia - because

volo, velle, volui - want, wishille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thataliquis, aliquid - someone, somethingde - about, concerningius, iuris - law, legal systemgusto, gustare, gustavi - taste, have some

experience ofhabeo, habere, habui, habitus - have,

providehic, haec, hoc - thisres, rei - thing, business, activitypanis, panis - bread, loaf, foodsi - if

10 nolo, nolle, nolui - not to wish, not to want, be unwilling, refuse

destino, destinare, destinavi, destinatus - fix, determine, decide

ille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thatartificium, artificii - trade, skilldoceo, docere, docui, doctus - teachaut - either, ortonstrinum, tonstrini - being a barber, a

career as a barberaut - either, or

11 praeco, praeconis - auctioneeraut - either, orcerte - certainly, surely, at leastcausidicus, causidici - advocate, barristerqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thataufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus - take away,

carry off, stealpossum, posse, potui - be able, have power, cannihil - nothingnisi - if not, unless, except

12 Orcus, Orci - the god of the underworld, death

Petronius, Satyricon 46, lines 8-12 (emi ... Orcus)

emi ergo puero aliquot libros rubricatos, quia volo illum aliquid de iure gustare. habet haec res panem. si noluerit, destinavi illum artificium docere - aut tonstrinum aut praeconem, aut certe causidicum - quod illi auferre possit nihil nisi Orcus.

10

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12 ideo - for that reason, thereforeille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thatcotidie - every day, dailyclamo, clamare, clamavi - shout, cryfilius, filii - soncredo, credere, credidi - (with dative) believe,

trustego, mei - I, mequisquis, quicquid - whoever, whateverdisco, discere, didici - learn, acquire

knowledge oftu, tui - you (singular)

13 disco, discere, didici - learn, acquire knowledge of

littera, litterae - letter of the alphabet; (in plural) literature, books

thesaurus, thesauri - treasure chamber, treasure, storehouse

sum, esse, fui - beet - andartificium, artificii - trade, skillnumquam - nevermorior, mori, mortuus sum - die, fail

Petronius, Satyricon 46, lines 12-13 (ideo ... moritur)

ideo illi cotidie clamo: ‘fili, crede mihi, quicquid discis, tibi discis. litterae thesaurus est, et artificium numquam moritur.’

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32 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

1 hic, haec, hoc - thistu, tui - you (singular)Fronto, Frontonis - Frontopater, patris - fathergenetrix, genetricis - motherFlaccilla, Flaccillae - Flaccillapuella, puellae - girl

2 osculum, osculi - kisscommendo, commendare, commendavi,

commendatus - entrustdeliciae, deliciarum - delight, darlingmeus, mea, meum - my

3 parvulus, parvula, parvulum - small, littlene - notniger, nigra, nigrum - dark, sombre, ill-omenedhorresco, horrescere, horrui - shake with

fear, tremble, shudder atErotion, Erotionis - Erotionumbra, umbrae - shade, ghost, phantom

4 os, oris - mouth, mawTartareus, Tartarea, Tartareum - of the

underworld, infernal, Tartareanprodigiosus, prodigiosa, prodigiosum -

strange, monstrouscanis, canis - dog, hound

Martial, Epigrams 5.34, lines 1-4

hanc tibi, Fronto pater, genetrix Flaccilla, puellamoscula commendo deliciasque meas,

parvula ne nigras horrescat Erotion umbrasoraque Tartarei prodigiosa canis.

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34 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

5

5 impleo, implere, implevi, impletus - complete, fulfil

sum, esse, fui - besextus, sexta, sextum - sixthmodo - only, just aboutfrigus, frigoris - chill, coldness, frostbruma, brumae - winter

6 vivo, vivere, vixi - live, stay alive, survivetotidem - the same number as, as manyni - if ... notminus - less, too fewille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thatdies, diei - day

7 inter - between, amongtam - sovetus, veteris - aged, oldludo, ludere, lusi, lusus - playlascivus, lasciva, lascivum - playful, mischievouspatronus, patroni - protector

8 et - andnomen, nominis - nameblaesus, blaesa, blaesum - lispinggarrio, garrire, garrivi - chatter, jabberos, oris - mouthmeus, mea, meum - my

Martial, Epigrams 5.34, lines 5-8

impletura fuit sextae modo frigora brumae,vixisset totidem ni minus illa dies.

inter tam veteres ludat lasciva patronoset nomen blaeso garriat ore meum.

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36 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

9 mollis, mollis, molle - tendernon - notrigidus, rigida, rigidum - stiff, hardcaespes, caespitis - turf, grasstego, tegere, texi, tectus - cover, hideos, ossis - bonenec - nor, and notille, illa, illud - he, she, it; that

10 terra, terrae - earth, ground, soilgravis, gravis, grave - heavy, burdensomesum, esse, fui - benon - notsum, esse, fui - beille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thattu, tui - you (singular)

10

Martial, Epigrams 5.34, lines 9-10

mollia non rigidus caespes tegat ossa; nec illi, terra, gravis fueris: non fuit illa tibi.

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38 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

1 ludus, ludi - school, elementary schoolmagister, magistri - masterparco, parcere, peperci - (with dative) sparesimplex, simplicis - simpleturba, turbae - crowd, group, flock

2 sic - so, thus, in this waytu, tui - you (singular)frequens, frequentis - in a crowd, packed

togetheraudio, audire, audivi, auditus - hear, listencapillatus, capillata, capillatum - having long hair

3 et - anddelicatus, delicata, delicatum - delicate,

tender, youngdiligo, diligere, dilexi, dilectus - esteem

highly, hold dear, be fond of, lovechorus, chori - group, bandmensa, mensae - table

4 nec - neither, nor, and notcalculator, calculatoris - teacher of arithmeticnec - neither, nor, and notnotarius, notarii - teacher of shorthandvelox, velocis - swift, rapid, speedy

5 maior, maior, maius - greater, largerquisquam, quicquam - any, any one,

anybody, anythingcirculus, circuli - circle, ring, group, companycorono, coronare, coronavi, coronatus -

surround

Martial, Epigrams 10.62, lines 1-5

ludi magister, parce simplici turbae:sic te frequentes audiant capillatiet delicatae diligat chorus mensae,nec calculator nec notarius veloxmaiore quisquam circulo coronetur. 5

WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 39

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40 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

6 albus, alba, album - bright, clearleo, leonis - lion, the constellation Leo (the

days are hottest when the sun is in the sign Leo from 23 July to 23 August)

flammeus, flammea, flammeum - flaming, fiery

caleo, calere, calui - be warm, be hot,lux, lucis - light, daylight, day

7 torreo, torrere, torrui, tostus - parch, roast, scorch, burn, dry up

fervens, ferventis - boiling hot, burning, blazing

Iulius, Iulii - (the month of) Julycoquo, coquere, coxi, coctus - cook, burn,

parch, ripenmessis, messis - harvest, crop

Martial, Epigrams 10.62, lines 6-7

albae leone flammeo calent lucestostamque fervens Iulius coquit messem.

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42 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

8 cirratus, cirrata, cirratum - edged, fringedlorum, lori - thonghorridus, horrida, horridum - rough, bristly,

horribleScythes, Scythae - a person from Scythia,

Scythianpellis, pellis - leather

9 qui, quae, quod - who, which, thatvapulo, vapulare, vapulavi, vapulatus - be

beaten, be thrashed, be floggedMarsyas, Marsyae - Marsyas, a satyr who

challenged Apollo to a trial of skill on the fluteCelaenaeus, Celaenaea, Celaenaeum - of

Celaenae, a town in Phrygia10 ferula, ferulae - whip or rod for punishing

slaves or schoolboystristis, tristis, triste - grim, unpleasant, stern,

harshsceptrum, sceptri - sceptre, staff, rodpaedagogus, paedagogi - paedagogus, a

slave who took children to and from school

11 cesso, cessare, cessavi - cease, be idle, leave off

et - andIdus, Iduum - the Ides (15th day of March,

May, July, October, 13th day of the other months)

dormio, dormire, dormivi - sleep, restin - to, up to, untilOctober, Octobris - of October

12 aestas, aestatis - summerpuer, pueri - boy, sonsi - ifvaleo, valere, valui - be healthy, be well, be

strongsatis - sufficient, enoughdisco, discere, didici - learn

Martial, Epigrams 10.62, lines 8-12

cirrata loris horridis Scythae pellis,qua vapulavit Marsyas Celaenaeus,ferulaeque tristes, sceptra paedagogorum,cessent et Idus dormiant in Octobres:aestate pueri si valent, satis discunt.

10

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44 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

Martial, Epigrams 11.39, lines 1-2

cunarum fueras motor, Charideme, mearumet pueri custos assiduusque comes.

1 cunae, cunarum - cradlesum, esse, fui - bemotor, motoris - mover, person who rocks (a

cradle)Charidemus, Charidemi - Charidemusmeus, mea, meum - my

2 et - andpuer, pueri - boycustos, custodis - guardian, protectorassiduus, assidua, assiduum - constant,

perpetual, full-timecomes, comitis - companion, comrade,

partner

WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 45

Notes

46 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

5

3 iam - now, alreadyego, mei - I, menigresco, nigrescere, nigrui - become black,

grow darktondeo, tondere, totondi, tonsus - clip, cut,

shavesudarium, sudarii - handkerchief, towelbarba, barbae - beard

4 et - andqueror, queri, questus sum - complain;

protest that [or] atlabrum, labri - lippungo, pungere, pupugi, punctus - prick,

piercepuella, puellae - girl, girlfriend, sweetheartmeus, mea, meum - my

5 sed - but; however, yettu, tui - you (singular)non - notcresco, crescere, crevi, cretus - grow, grow uptu, tui - you (singular)noster, nostra, nostrum - ourvilicus, vilici - farm overseer, managerhorreo, horrere, horrui - shiver, tremble,

shudder at6 tu, tui - you (singular)

dispensator, dispensatoris - steward, treasurertu, tui - you (singular)domus, domi - house, homeipse, ipsa, ipsum - he, she, it; himself,

herself, itself; the very ...paveo, pavere, pavi - be frightened, be terrified

Martial, Epigrams 11.39, lines 3-6

iam mihi nigrescunt tonsa sudaria barba et queritur labris puncta puella meis;

sed tibi non crevi: te noster vilicus horret,te dispensator, te domus ipsa pavet.

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48 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

7 ludo, ludere, lusi, lusus - playnec - neither, nor, and notnos - wenec - neither, nor, and nottu, tui - you (singular)permitto, permittere, permisi, permissus -

allow, permitamo, amare, amavi, amatus - love, be in love

8 nil - nothingego, mei - I, mevolo, velle, volui - be willing, wish, desire, wantet - andvolo, velle, volui - be willing, wish, desire, wantcunctus, cuncta, cunctum - alllicet, licere, licuit - it is permitted, it is allowedtu, tui - you (singular)

9 corripio, corripere, corripui, correptus - snatch up, lay hold of, rebuke, chastise

observo, observare, observavi, observatus - watch, observe

queror, queri, questus sum - complain, grumble, protest

suspirium, suspirii - sighduco, ducere, duxi, ductus - draw in

10 et - andvix - hardly, scarcely, not easily, with difficultya - fromferula, ferulae - whip or rod for punishing

slaves or schoolboystempero, temperare, temperavi, temperatus -

restrain oneself, refrain fromira, irae - anger, wrath, ragetuus, tua, tuum - your (singular)

10

Martial, Epigrams 11.39, lines 7-10

ludere nec nobis nec tu permittis amare; nil mihi vis et vis cuncta licere tibi.

corripis, observas, quereris, suspiria ducis, et vix a ferulis temperat ira tua.

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50 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

Martial, Epigrams 11.39, lines 11-16

si Tyrios sumpsi cultus unxive capillos,exclamas ‘numquam fecerat ista pater’;

et numeras nostros astricta fronte trientes,tamquam de cella sit cadus ille tua.

desine; non possum libertum ferre Catonem.esse virum iam me dicet amica tibi.

11 si - ifTyrius, Tyria, Tyrium - of Tyre, Tyrian

(referring to the famous purple dye)sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptus - take up,

adopt, put oncultus, cultus - adornment, clothing, dressunguo, unguere, unxi, unctus - anoint with oilcapillus, capilli - hair

12 exclamo, exclamare, exclamavi - call out, cry out, exclaim

numquam - at no time, neverfacio, facere, feci, factus - doiste, ista, istud - thatpater, patris - father

13 et - andnumero, numerare, numeravi - count, numbernoster, nostra, nostrum - ourastringo, astringere, astrinxi, astrictus -

tighten, knit, furrowfrons, frontis - forehead, browtriens, trientis - drinking cup

14 tamquam - as if, just as ifde - from, out ofcella, cellae - cellar, storehousesum, esse, fui - be, exist, live; happen;

remain; be possible [or] allowablecadus, cadi - large jar of wineille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thattuus, tua, tuum - your (singular)

15 desino, desinere, desii - leave off, cease, stop, desist

non - notpossum, posse, potui - be able, canlibertus, liberti - freedmanfero, ferre, tuli, latus - bear, endureCato, Catonis - Cato (= M. Porcius Cato the

Elder, who was very serious and austere)16 sum, esse, fui - be

vir, viri - man, a full-grown maniam - now, alreadyego, mei - I, medico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, tell, declareamica, amicae - girlfriend, sweethearttu, tui - you (singular)

15

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52 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

1 plurimus, plurima, plurimum - very much, very many

sum, esse, fui - beFuscinus, Fuscini - Fuscinuset - andfama, famae - report, opiniondignus, digna, dignum - (with ablative)

worthy of, deservingsinister, sinistra, sinistrum - bad, adverse,

unfavourable2 qui, quae, quod - who, which, that

monstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus - show, teach

ipse, ipsa, ipsum - he, she, it; himself, herself, itself

puer, pueri - boy, sontrado, tradere, tradidi, traditus - hand over,

pass on, hand down, bequeathparens, parentis - parent

3 si - ifdamnosus, damnosa, damnosum -

pernicious, destructive, damagingsenex, senis - old maniuvo, iuvare, iuvi, iutus - please, delightalea, aleae - dice, gamblingludo, ludere, lusi, lusus - playet - andheres, heredis - heir

4 bullatus, bullata, bullatum - still a child, wearing the ‘bulla’ (an amulet)

parvus, parva, parvum - little, smallidem, eadem, idem - the samemoveo, movere, movi, motus - move, shakearma, armorum - arms, toolsfritillus, fritilli - dice-box, box from which dice

are thrown

Juvenal, Satire 14 (extracts), lines 1-4

plurima sunt, Fuscine, et fama digna sinistraquae monstrant ipsi pueris traduntque parentes.si damnosa senem iuvat alea, ludit et heresbullatus parvoque eadem movet arma fritillo.

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54 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

5

5 nec - nor, and notmelior, melior, melius - betterde - concerning, forse - himself, herself, itself, themselvesquisquam, quicquam - anyspero, sperare, speravi - look forward to,

hope for, anticipatepropinquus, propinqui - relative, kinsman

6 concedo, concedere, concessi, concessus - allow, permit

iuvenis, iuvenis - youth, young manqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatrado, radere, rasi, rasus - scrape, peeltuber, tuberis - truffleterra, terrae - ground, soil

7 boletus, boleti - mushroomcondio, condire, condivi, conditus - preserve,

pickle, seasonet - andidem, eadem, idem - the sameius, iuris - juice, saucenato, natare, natavi - swim, float

8 mergo, mergere, mersi, mersus - immerse, drown

ficedula, ficedulae - a small bird, the fig-peckerdisco, discere, didici - learnnebulo, nebulonis - rascal, scoundrel,

worthless fellow, sorry wretchparens, parentis - father, parent

9 et - andcanus, cana, canum - old, aged, greymonstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus -

show, teachgula, gulae - gullet, throat

Juvenal, Satire 14 (extracts), lines 5-9 (... gula)

nec melius de se cuiquam sperare propinquoconcedet iuvenis, qui radere tubera terrae,boletum condire et eodem iure natantesmergere ficedulas didicit, nebulone parenteet cana monstrante gula.

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56 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

9 cum - when, as soon asseptimus, septima, septimum - seventhannus, anni - year

10 transeo, transire, transii, transitus - passpuer, pueri - boy, sonnondum - not yetomnis, omnis, omne - all, everydens, dentis - toothrenascor, renasci, renatus sum - be

renewed, be new again11 barbatus, barbata, barbatum - bearded

licet, licere, licuit, licitum est - one may, one can; although

admoveo, admovere, admovi, admotus - bring, apply, use, lay on

mille - a thousandinde - from that time, after that time, thereaftermagister, magistri - master, tutor, teacher

12 hinc - from this place, from heretotidem - the same number, just as manycupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitus - long for,

desire, wantlautus, lauta, lautum - fine, sumptuousceno, cenare, cenavi - dineparatus, paratus - preparation, provision

13 semper - alwayset - anda - frommagnus, magna, magnum - great, grandnon - notdegenero, degenerare, degeneravi - depart

from, decline fromculina, culinae - kitchen, cuisine

10

Juvenal, Satire 14 (extracts), lines 9-13 (cum ... culina)

cum septimus annus transierit puerum, nondum omni dente renato,barbatos licet admoveas mille inde magistros,hinc totidem, cupiet lauto cenare paratusemper et a magna non degenerare culina.

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58 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

14 sic - so, thus, in this waynatura, naturae - nature, characteriubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus - bid, order,

commandvelociter - swiftly, rapidly, speedilyet - andcito - quickly, swiftly, rapidlynos - we

15 corrumpo, corrumpere, corrupi, corruptus - spoil, destroy, corrupt, seduce

vitium, vitii - fault, defect, error, shortcoming, vice

exemplum, exempli - example, precedentdomesticus, domestica, domesticum -

domestic, in the home, in the familymagnus, magna, magnum - great, grand, mighty

16 cum - when, sincesubeo, subire, subii, subitus - come on

secretly, approach stealthily, steal intoanimus, animi - soul, mind, heartauctor, auctoris - author, promoter, champion

Juvenal, Satire 14 (extracts), lines 14-16

sic natura iubet: velocius et citius noscorrumpunt vitiorum exempla domestica, magniscum subeant animos auctoribus.

15

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60 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

Pliny, Letters 9.12, lines 1-2 (... emeret)

castigabat quidam filium suum quod paulo sumptuosius equos et canes emeret.

1 castigo, castigare, castigavi, castigatus - chastise, punish

quidam, quaedam, quoddam - a certainfilius, filii - sonsuus, sua, suum - his, his ownquod - because, on the grounds thatpaulo - by a little, somewhatsumptuose - expensively, extravagantly, at

great costequus, equi - horseet - and

2 canis, canis - dog, houndemo, emere, emi, emptus - buy

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62 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

Pliny, Letters 9.12, lines 2-6 (huic ... indulget)

huic ego iuvene digresso dixi: ‘heus tu, numquamne fecisti, quod a patre corripi posset? “fecisti” dico. non interdum facis quod filius tuus, si repente pater ille tu filius, pari gravitate reprehendat? non omnes homines aliquo errore ducuntur? non hic in illo sibi, in hoc alius indulget?’

2 hic, haec, hoc - thisego, mei - I, meiuvenis, iuvenis - youth, young mandigredior, digredi, digressus sum - leave,

depart, go awaydico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, declareheus - hey! listen!tu, tui - you (singular)numquam - at no time, never

3 facio, facere, feci, factus - doqui, quae, quod - who, which, thata - bypater, patris - fathercorripio, corripere, corripui, correptus -

censure, rebuke, chastise, find fault withpossum, posse, potui - be able, canfacio, facere, feci, factus - dodico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, declarenon - notinterdum - sometimes, now and then

4 facio, facere, feci, factus - doqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatfilius, filii - sontuus, tua, tuum - your (singular)si - ifrepente - suddenly, unexpectedlypater, patris - fatherille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thattu, tui - you (singular)filius, filii - sonpar, paris - equal, matchinggravitas, gravitatis - severity, sternness,

harshness, strictness, gravity5 reprehendo, reprehendere, reprehendi,

reprehensus - censure, reprehend, rebukenon - notomnis, omnis, omne - all, everyhomo, hominis - human being, person, manaliqui, aliquae, aliquod - some, anyerror, erroris - error, mistake, faultduco, ducere, duxi, ductus - lead, mislead,

deceivenon - nothic, haec, hoc - this

6 in - inille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thatse - himself, herself, itself, themselvesin - inhic, haec, hoc - thisalius, alia, aliud - another, differentindulgeo, indulgere, indulsi - (with dative) be

lenient towards, indulge, forgive

5

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64 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

Pliny, Letters 9.12, lines 6-8 (haec ... tractares)

haec ego, admonitus exemplo immodicae severitatis, tibi pro amore mutuo scripsi, ne quando tu quoque filium tuum acerbius duriusque tractares.

6 hic, haec, hoc - thisego, mei - I, meadmoneo, admonere, admonui, admonitus -

warn, remind, promptexemplum, exempli - example, precedent

7 immodicus, immodica, immodicum - excessive, immoderate

severitas, severitatis - gravity, sternness, strictness, severity

tu, tui - you (singular)pro - from, out of, for the sake ofamor, amoris - love, fondnessmutuus, mutua, mutuum - mutual, reciprocalscribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus - writene - so that not, in order that not, lestquando - whentu, tui - you (singular)

8 quoque - also, toofilius, filii - sontuus, tua, tuum - your (singular)acerbe - harshly, roughly, severely,

unfeelinglydure - harshly, cruelly, sternly, inflexiblytracto, tractare, tractavi, tractatus - deal with,

treat, handle

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66 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

Pliny, Letters 9.12, lines 8-10 (cogita ... patrem)

cogita et illum puerum esse et te fuisse, atque hoc quod es pater ita utere ut memineris et hominem esse te et hominis patrem.

8 cogito, cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatus - consider, ponder, think, imagine

et - and ille, illa, illud - he, she, it; that

9 puer, pueri - boy, childsum, esse, fui - beet - andtu, tui - you (singular)sum, esse, fui - beatque - and, and alsohic, haec, hoc - thisquod - that, in that, in so far assum, esse, fui - bepater, patris - fatherita - so, thus, in such a way, in such a

mannerutor, uti, usus sum - (with ablative) use,

make use of, employut - that

10 memini, meminisse - remember, recallet - andhomo, hominis - human being, person, mansum, esse, fui - betu, tui - you (singular)et - andhomo, hominis - human being, person, manpater, patris - father

10

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68 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

Tacitus, Agricola 4-5, lines 1-3 (... transegit)

mater Iulia Procilla fuit, rarae castitatis. in huius sinu indulgentiaque educatus per omnem honestarum artium cultum pueritiam adulescentiamque transegit.

1 mater, matris - motherIulia, Iuliae - JuliaProcilla, Procillae - Procillasum, esse, fui - berarus, rara, rarum - rare, unusualcastitas, castitatis - chastity, purityin - in, onhic, haec, hoc - thissinus, sinus - bosom, lap

2 indulgentia, indulgentiae - kindness, gentlenesseduco, educare, educavi, educatus - bring

up, rearper - through, in pursuit ofomnis, omnis, omne - all, everyhonestus, honesta, honestum - worthy, fine,

honourablears, artis - skill, artcultus, cultus - culture, refinement, cultivation

3 pueritia, pueritiae - boyhood, childhoodadulescentia, adulescentiae - youthtransigo, transigere, transegi, transactus -

come through, conclude, finish, spend time

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70 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

Tacitus, Agricola 4-5, lines 3-7 (arecebat ... compositum)

arcebat eum ab inlecebris peccantium - praeter ipsius bonam integramque naturam - quod statim parvulus sedem ac magistram studiorum Massiliam habuit, locum Graeca comitate et provinciali parsimonia mixtum ac bene compositum.

3 arceo, arcere, arcui, arctus - keep, protectis, ea, id - he, she, it; this, thatab - from, away frominlecebra, inlecebrae - allurement, enticement

4 pecco, peccare, peccavi - make a mistake, do wrong, commit a fault, sin

praeter - apart from, in addition to, beyondipse, ipsa, ipsum - he, she, it; himself,

herself, itselfbonus, bona, bonum - good, virtuousinteger, integra, integrum - innocent, pure,

uprightnatura, naturae - nature; characterquod - the fact that, that, because

5 statim - right from the start, from the time of (being)

parvulus, parvula, parvulum - quite young, as a child

sedes, sedis - home, residenceac - andmagistra, magistrae - instructress, mistressstudium, studii - study, studying, learningMassilia, Massiliae - Massilia, a seaport town

(modern Marseille)habeo, habere, habui, habitus - have

6 locus, loci - place, locationGraecus, Graeca, Graecum - Greekcomitas, comitatis - courteousness, kindness,

friendliness; good taste, eleganceet - andprovincialis, provincialis, provinciale -

provincialparsimonia, parsimoniae - frugality, thrift,

parsimony, economymisceo, miscere, miscui, mixtus - mix,

mingle, blend, combineac - andbene - well, rightly, beautifully, pleasantly;

opportunely7 compono, componere, composui,

compositus - combine, adjust

5

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72 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

Tacitus, Agricola 4-5, lines 7-10 (memoria ... coercuisset)

memoria teneo solitum ipsum narrare se prima in iuventa studium philosophiae acrius - ultra quam concessum est Romano ac senatori - hausisse, ni prudentia matris incensum ac flagrantem animum coercuisset.

7 memoria, memoriae - memory, recollectionteneo, tenere, tenui, tentus - hold, keepsoleo, solere, solitus sum - be accustomed

to, be used to, be in the habit ofipse, ipsa, ipsum - he, she, it; himself,

herself, itselfnarro, narrare, narravi, narratus - tell,

narrate, describese - himself, herself, itself, themselvesprimus, prima, primum - first, earliestin - in

8 iuventa, iuventae - youthstudium, studii - studyphilosophia, philosophiae - philosophyacriter - keenly, strongly, vigorously,

enthusiasticallyultra - beyond, further, morequam - thanconcedo, concedere, concessi, concessum -

permit, allow

9 Romanus, Romana, Romanum - Romanac - and, and besidessenator, senatoris - member of the senate,

senatorhaurio, haurire, hausi, haustus - drink in,

imbibeni - if ... not, unlessprudentia, prudentiae - prudence, good

sensemater, matris - motherincendo, incendere, incendi, incensus -

kindle, inflame, impassion, exciteac - and, and besides

10 flagrans, flagrantis - blazing, glowing; ardent, passionate

animus, animi - mind, will, charactercoerceo, coercere, coercui, coercitus -

restrain, control, keep in check

10

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74 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

Tacitus, Agricola 4-5, lines 11-15

prima castrorum rudimenta in Britannia adprobavit. nec Agricola licenter, more iuvenum qui militiam in lasciviam vertunt, neque segniter titulum tribunatus et inscitiam ad voluptates et commeatus rettulit: sed noscere provinciam, nosci exercitui, discere a peritis, sequi optimos.

11 primus, prima, primum - first, earliestcastrum, castri - military servicerudimentum, rudimenti - first lesson, basic

trainingin - inBritannia, Britanniae - Britainadprobo, adprobare, adprobavi, adprobatus

- prove his worth at, prove himself at,complete satisfactorily

nec - neither, nor, and notAgricola, Agricolae - Agricola, a Roman

commander in Britain12 licenter - freely, without restraint

mos, moris - manner, wayiuvenis, iuvenis - youth, young manqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatmilitia, militiae - military service, military

careerin - to, into, towardslascivia, lasciviae - indiscipline, wantonness,

lasciviousnessverto, vertere, verti, versus - turn, change,

transformneque - neither, nor, and not

13 segniter - half-heartedly, lazily, indolentlytitulus, tituli - title, ranktribunatus, tribunatus - the office of tribuneet - andinscitia, inscitiae - ignorance, inexperiencead - to, towardsvoluptas, voluptatis - pleasure, enjoymentet - andcommeatus, commeatus - leave of absence

14 refero, referre, rettuli, relatus - put forward, propose, regard as an excuse

sed - butnosco, noscere, novi, notus - get to know,

learn about, get acquainted withprovincia, provinciae - command,

administration, provincenosco, noscere, novi, notus - get to know,

learn about, get acquainted with, become familiar with

exercitus, exercitus - armydisco, discere, didici - learn, acquire knowledgea - fromperitus, perita, peritum - experienced,

practised, expert, skilful15 sequor, sequi, secutus sum - follow, follow

the example ofoptimus, optima, optimum - best

15

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Notes

76 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome