Post on 26-Dec-2015
© 2011 National Safety Council
THE HUMAN BODYLESSON 3
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The Human Body
• Composed of many different organs and tissues
• All parts work together
- To sustain life- Allow activity
• Injury or illness impairs functions
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Primary Areas of the Body
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Cardiovascular System: Primary Organs
• Heart
• Blood
• Blood vessels
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Cardiovascular System: Primary Functions
• Transports blood to lungs
- Delivers carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen
• Transports oxygen and nutrients to all parts of body
• Helps regulate body temperature
• Helps maintain body’s fluid balance
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Cardiovascular System: Emergencies
• Any condition that affects respiration
- Reduces ability to deliver oxygen
• Severe bleeding
- Shock
• Stroke
- Reduces blood flow to part of the brain
• Heart conditions
- Reduce tissue oxygenation
• Heart attack
- Can lead to cardiac arrest
• Ventricular fibrillation
- Heart muscle flutters rather than pumping blood3-6
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Nervous System: Primary Organs
• Brain
• Spinal cord
• Sensory receptors
• Nerves
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Nervous System: Primary Functions
• Sensory receptors gather information about environment and send to brain
• Brain integrates and analyzes information
• Nerve signals from brain lead to actions throughout body to accomplish tasks or maintain homeostasis
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Nervous System: Emergencies• Head and spinal injuries
- Can have serious/life-threatening effects
• Injury to part of brain or stroke
- May destroy or impair one or more functions
• Damage to spinal cord
- May cause complete loss of function to body area or paralysis
• Altered mental status from:
- Head injuries- Any injury causing decreased oxygenation- Sudden illness (e.g., stroke, seizure, diabetes)- Severe infection or fever- Poisoning or drug overdose
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Musculoskeletal System: Primary Organs
• Bones
• Muscles
• Ligaments
• Tendons
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Bones: Primary Functions
• Provide body shape and support
• Protect vital organs
• Produce blood cells
• Act as levers to allow joint movement
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Muscles: Primary Functions
• Skeletal muscles attach to bones and allow movement
• Produce body heat
• Perform pumping action of heart and work of breathing
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Musculoskeletal System: Emergencies
• Fractures
• Dislocations
• Sprains
• Strains
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Integumentary System
• Skin
• Nails
• Hair
• Accessory structures
- Sweat glands- Oil glands
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Integumentary System: Primary Functions
• Protects body
• Helps regulate body temperature
• Helps prevent water loss
• Removes some body wastes
• Produces Vitamin D
• Sensation (e.g., touch, pressure, pain, temperature)
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Integumentary System: Emergencies
• Cuts and scrapes
- Common causes of bleeding
• Openings in skin
- Allow pathogens into body
• Heat and chemical burns
- Loss of body heat- Loss of body fluid
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Lymphatic and Immune System
• Helps defend against disease
• Part of immune system
• Problems seldom cause emergencies
• Always take precautions against infection
• Tetanus vaccine provides protection
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Endocrine System
• Glands that produce hormones
• Most problems develop slowly and are rarely emergencies
• Imbalances may cause diabetic emergencies
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Urinary System
• Blood transports wastes to kidneys
• Kidneys filter wastes and produce urine
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Urinary System continued
• Traumatic injury may damage organs
- Look for blood in urine
• Health problems
- May cause change in urination
• Dehydration
- Lack of urination
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Reproductive System
Female
• Produces eggs
• Supports and nurtures fetus in uterus
• Childbirth
• Lactation
Male
• Produces and transports sperm
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